Design of cyclic prefix characteristic-based OFDM system for WiMAX technology

Worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) offers the wireless connectivity using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation is a proficient wireless technology that capacities high-speed data transmission facilities. The existing WiMAX techniques have the problem of increase in inter-symbol interference (ISI) and bit error rate (BER) at reduced power spectrum that degrades the performance of WiMAX system due to high data rate transmission. The utilization of different adaptive modulation techniques seen as a potential solution to reduce the ISI and BER for high data rate transmission. In this paper, OFDM is adapted using advanced modulation technique for WiMAX system. The technique proposes the cyclic prefix (CP) is utilized that include supplementary bits at the stage of the transmitter. The proposed technique offers minimization of ISI and improvement in BER. It is defined that performance of the existing CP system is equated with the designed single cyclic prefix (SCP) and double cyclic prefix (DCP) and non-cyclic prefix (NCP). BER, probability of error, and power spectral density are utilized to analyse the performance of the designed system. The OFDM based SCP and DCP and NCP for WiMAX are demonstrated for modulation techniques such as; QPSK, BPSK, and QAM. It is determined that BPSK has the smallest BER when compared to QPSK, 16-QAM, and 64-QAM modulations. It is also demonstrated that QPSK is also very competent, however, it has a higher BER as compared to BPSK modulation. It is also observed that 16-QAM and 64-QAM are less efficient in terms of BER compared to QPSK and BPKS modulations. 64-QAM offers the high data rates, and due to high SNR ratio. The designed system is tested for under AWGN and Rayleigh fading channel, and effect power spectral density of signal to noise ratio on OFDM for rayleigh fading channel are demonstrated for SCP and DCP and NCP. It is determined that the OFDM transmitter with proposed DCP for random signals is efficiently reducing the BER and ISI for WiMAX system

Relationship marketing dynamics, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in retail banking: The role of long-term orientation culture and service recovery

Extant literature has amply reported the associations between relationship marketing dynamics, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. However, these reports are contradictory and thus, inconclusive. Meanwhile, past studies have argued extensively on the influence of individual customer values on perception, decision making and buying behaviour.Yet, very little is known of the interaction effect of long-term orientation culture on the link between trust, bonding, communication, personalization and customer satisfaction in retail banking sector. Similarly, while several studies have documented the significant effect of customer complaints on customer loyalty, there is no noticeable research evidence on the intervening effect of service recovery on the relationship between customer complaints and customer loyalty.To fill these gaps, this conceptual paper is writte

Re-exposure to beta cell autoantigens in pancreatic allograft recipients with pre-existing beta cell autoantibodies

Re-exposure to beta cell autoantigens and its relevance in the presence of donor-specific antibodies (DSA) in pancreatic allograft recipients is not well known. Thirty-three patients requiring a pancreas transplant were enrolled in an IRB approved study. They underwent prospective monitoring for DSA and beta cell autoantibody (BCAA) levels to GAD65, insulinoma-associated antigen 2 (IA-2), insulin (micro-IAA [mIAA]), and islet-specific zinc transporter isoform-8 (ZnT8). Twenty-five (75.7%) had pre-transplant BCAA. Twenty had a single antibody (mIAA n = 15, GAD65 n = 5); five had two or more BCAA (GAD65 + mIAA n = 2, GAD65 + mIAA+IA-2 n = 2, GA65 + mIAA+IA-2 + ZnT8 = 1). No changes in GAD65 (p > 0.29), IA-2 (>0.16), and ZnT8 (p > 0.07) were observed between pre-transplant and post-transplant at 6 or 12 months. A decrease in mIAA from pre- to post-6 months (p < 0.0001), 12 months (p < 0.0001), and from post-6 to post-12 months (p = 0.0002) was seen. No new BCAA was observed at one yr. Seven (21.0%) developed de novo DSA. The incidence of DSA was 24% in patients with BCAA vs. 25% in patients without BCAA (p = 0.69). Pancreatic allograft function of patients with vs. without BCAA, and with and without BCAA + DSA was comparable until last follow-up (three yr). Re-exposure to beta cell autoantigens by pancreas transplant may not lead to increased levels or development of new BCAA or pancreatic allograft dysfunction

Classifying BIM (Building Information Model) Objects using Graph Neural Networks

The classification of Building Information Model (BIM) objects plays a crucial role in enhancing data management and automation in the construction industry. Manual classification remains a time-consuming task while rule-based classification is not very accurate. This task was assigned by a BIM software company Datacubist Oy with the goal of investigating the applicability of deep learning for classifying BIM model objects based on their geometric features and neighborhood information. The objective was to evaluate whether incorporating contextual information through Graph Neural Networks (GNN) could improve classification accuracy com-pared to traditional approaches. The work was carried out using real-world BIM data from several building projects. The process involved ex-porting geometry data as Oriented Bounding Boxes, and the neighborhood information as edge index from the source software. A feature extractor based on convolutional layers was implemented, followed by three separate classification pipelines using Graph Convolutional Networks (GCN), Graph Isomorphism Networks (GIN) and Graph Attention Networks (GAT). Each model was trained on the same dataset and with the same training configuration. The models were compared based on accuracy scores and the results were further analyzed using F1-scores and confusion matrices. The results showed that GNN-based methods performed better than a baseline CNN model, hence proving the potential of utilizing contextual information for the classification of BIM objects. Furthermore, among the tested graph architectures, the GAT model achieved the highest classification accuracy. The results demonstrated the feasibility of using deep learning and GNNs for BIM object classification and indicated potential applications including automation of BIM workflows and model errors detection

Heterogeneous cellular netwoks under diverse coupling and association criteria

Limiting the number of simultaneous active users does not affect the coverage and average symmetric binary rate but energy efficiency improves for its lower values, since the resources of the cell are distributed among less users, at the expense of an unfairer treatment as more users are kept inactive. It has been inspected that including more picocells has no worth for average rate and fairness under average criteria mainly due to the high difference of power between both tiers but energy efficiency slightly improves as more users get inactive. Cell range expansion bias reduces coverage but fairness is maximum for its mid-range values and the energy efficiency as well as the binary rate has improved much beyond those mid-range values. Finally, slight increment in fractional power control improves coverage and joint rate and provides better user fairness treatment. Our results show that for realistic path loss models, the decoupled DL/UL association does not improve the results sufficiently to compensate for the implementation difficulties it represents.Current networks are moving towards Heterogeneous Cellular Networks (HCN) arising from the combination of small cells with existing macrocells. The aim of this thesis is to analyze various performance indicators of heterogeneous cellular networks under diverse coupling and association criteria. We considered a two-tier heterogeneous cellular network with macro and pico BSs and UEs uniformly distributed. Realistic path loss models given by 3GPP have been taken into account for both macro and pico tiers. In this work, three association criteria were used to associate users to macro or a pico tier which include the coupled and decoupled association criteria. The coupled association criteria encompass nearest BS and maximum downlink average power whereas in decoupled association criteria, users were associated in DL by maximum average receive power and in UL by minimum path loss. Cell Range Expansion (CRE) and Fractional Power Control (FPC) techniques have been considered. The results showed a remarkable lack of independence and correlation between uplink and downlink coverage has been guessed even under independent Rayleigh fading. Simulation results showed that taking into account limits on the maximum spectral efficiency and on the number of simultaneous active users within a cell strongly modify the results on joint binary rate. It has been investigated that deploying a denser infrastructure by increasing the total number of BSs, not only improves coverage and average rates but also the energy efficiency and fairness

Sinergi Peran Pemerintah Desa dan Masyarakat dalam Pengembangan Desa Wisata untuk Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat

This study aimed to describe the tourism village development program, the synergy of the village government and the community's role in the development of tourist villages, as well as improving community welfare through the development of tourist villages in Semen Village, Blitar Regency. This study used a qualitative approach with the type of descriptive research—sources of data in the form of primary data and secondary data. Data were collected by using observation, interview and documentation techniques. Data were analyzed using an interactive model from Miles and Huberman. The study results showed that the tourism village development program included physical development in the form of facilities and infrastructure and non-physical development in the form of community empowerment. The synergy of the village government influences the success of developing a tourist village through potential exploration and the community as coordinator, facilitator, implementer, and accelerator. Furthermore, developing tourist villages could improve community welfare, including income, clean settlements, education levels, and the fulfilment of health facilities

ORIGAMI: AN ALTERNATIVE MEDIA TO TEACH PROCEDURE TEXT IN SPEAKING

Procedure text is the text that has to be mastered by senior high school. The purpose of the text is to give a clue how to do something through some steps. The students should experience the lesson in order to help them to know that activity is on their daily life and to apply the worldly education "learning to do" and to make class more lively and communicative. Experiencing the objective above, there are many kinds of media that can be used to motivate the students to learn procedure text orally. One of them is using "origami" (it's the art or process, originating in Japan, of folding paper into shapes representing objects such as flowers, animal and furniture etc.). This study is conducted using a descriptive qualitative research with non-participant researcher. The subject is the students of senior high school in Mojokerto. In doing the observation, the data are collected by observing the activity during the class, the result of observation checklist and the result of questionnaire. Using "origami" as an alternative media to teach procedure text in speaking class is expected to attract the students' interest; it can give the students' opportunities to feel a variety in teaching learning process. "Origami" helps the students increase motivation, enthusiasm, and become easy to practice their language orally. In carrying out "origami", the teacher selects "origami" for beginner because the models can be found in around their house or school. They enable the students to instruct orally. "Origami" is a good media in learning procedure text orally because it can give fun and relaxation and break up the routine class activity. Furthermore, the students experience and understand what they learn.Keywords: Origami, An alternative media, Procedure text, Speaking clas

AN ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ WRITING ASSIGNMENT OF ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION TEXT

Writing is not always easy to do. Students face some difficulties in mastering writing skills because they need particular practices to develop their writing skills. A teacher should understand students’ abilities and difficulties and one of many ways a teacher can do is by analyzing students’ compositions like generic structures and language features of analytical exposition texts. These may make students find some difficulties in writing analytical exposition texts. This study is a descriptive qualitative study and aims to describe the students’ competence in writing expository text. The researcher is the first instrument and the second instrument for this study is the students’ compositions of analytical exposition texts. To analyze the data, there will be three steps; classification, analysis, and representing to determine whether the students write analytical exposition texts with proper generic structures and language features or not. The researcher found that the students could write analytical exposition texts with good generic structures and language features. However, there are some students who did not compose them properly. For generic structures, some students often did not write a review of arguments in the thesis and reiteration. And for language features, some of the students often did not apply the diction well. The students were proficient enough in organizing analytical exposition text in terms of generic structures and language features. The teacher should give a clear explanation and understanding in teaching analytical exposition text. The teacher had to explain how to make analytical exposition text deeply in order that the students could comprehend the text well. In addition, the English teacher could give comments to the students’ composition for the better next writing assignments, because they could understand their mistakes

Relationship marketing dynamics and customer loyalty in higher education sector

In response to the challenges facing higher educational institutions, including declining public funding, globalization and stiff competition, this study aims to fill Literature gaps by proposing and validating a customer loyalty model based on relationship marketing for the higher education sector. Drawing upon social exchange and social learning theories, this study examines the moderating effect of long term orientation on the link between relationship marketing dynamics and customer loyalty. A total of 416 graduates and undergraduate students of federal universities in Nigeria participated in the study. The results of the partial least squares (PLS) path analysis supported the hypothesized direct and indirect effects of relationship marketing dynamics on customer loyalty. Specifically, relationship marketing dynamics of bonding, communication, and personalization were found to have significant positive relationship with customer satisfaction and trust. The results of the analysis also suggest that customer satisfaction and trust mediate the link between bonding, communication, personalization and customer loyalty. Furthermore, long term orientation moderates the relationship between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Specifically, there is more significant positive relationship between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty for individual customers high in long term orientation than for individual customers low in long term orientation. However, no moderating effect of long term orientation was found on the path between trust and customer loyalty. Taken together, the findings of the study lend empirical support to the view that relationship marketing in general, and service personalization in particular, can promote customer loyalty, especially among individual customers high in long term orientation. Hence, knowledge of individual customer long term orientation can assist university administrators in managing their students profile effectively. Theoretical, managerial, and methodological implications are discussed and a conclusion is drawn

IMPROVING STUDENTS’ DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH MASTERY IN NEWS ITEM TEXT THROUGH USING INPUT ENHANCEMENT TECHNIQUE

The goal of this research is to find out whether input enhancement technique is effective in improving students’ direct and indirect speech mastery in news item text. This research is quantitative experimental research with pretest and posttest control group design. The data of this research is the students’ direct and indirect speech mastery in new item text. The data collection technique is by administering tests, using pretest-posttest design. The data analysis technique uses t-test formula. The result indicates that there was no difference between control and experimental group in initial abiity before the input-enchancemen-technique was treated. Whereas by using input enhancement technique there was significant difference between students taught direct and indirect speech mastery using input enhancement technique and those taught direct and indirect speech mastery in news item text without using input enhancement technique. Thus, it could be concluded that the use of input enhancement technique was effective in improving students’ direct and indirect speech mastery in news item text. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah penggunaan teknik peningkatan input efektif dapat meningkatkan penguasaan tuturan siswa secara langsung dan tidak langsung pada teks item berita. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental kuantitatif dengan desain control group pretest and posttest. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah penguasaan tuturan langsung dan tidak langsung siswa pada teks item berita. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan pemberian tes, pretest dan posttest. Teknik analisis data menggunakan rumus uji-t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan antara kelompok kontrol dan kelompok eksperimen dalam hal kemampuan awal sebelum dilakukan perlakuan teknik input-enhancemen. Sedangkan dengan menggunakan teknik peningkatan input terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara hasil belajar siswa dalam hal penguasaan tuturan langsung dan tidak langsung menggunakan teknik peningkatan input dengan hasil belajar siswa dalam hal penguasaan tuturan langsung dan tidak langsung dalam teks item berita tanpa menggunakan teknik peningkatan input. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan teknik peningkatan input efektif dalam meningkatkan penguasaan tuturan siswa secara langsung dan tidak langsung pada teks item berita