Efficient, one-pot synthesis of 14-aryl-14Hdibenzo[a, j]xanthenes in aqueous medium catalyzed by bis-piperidinium compounds

A novel procedure for the synthesis of 14-aryl-14Hdibenzo[a,j]xanthenes through one-pot condensation of b-naphthol with aryl halides in aqueous media catalyzed by bis-piperidinium compounds is described. The method resulted in good to excellent yields in short reaction times

Adult laryngeal haemangioma; a rare entity

Laryngeal haemangioma is commonly seen in children. Adult laryngeal haemangiomas are rare and usually involve the supraglottic region. Most common symptom includes dysphagia, dysphonia and shortness of breath. Detailed history, fiberoptic laryngoscopy and computerized scanning may suggest benign nature of the lesion but diagnosis is only confirmed by a biopsy. In comparison to infantile haemangiomas which usually respond to propronolol, the treatment of adult laryngeal haemangiomas is always surgical removal. We present a case report of a supraglottic haemangioma in an adult male, who was treated surgically without any complications

Role of Molecular Markers and Importance of SNP for the Development of Cotton Programs

Cotton is an important commercial cash crop and cultivated worldwide. It is very important for improvement of desirable traits for development of cotton crop. In this review paper we have discussed the overall Molecular markers and advance techniques with their utilization in cotton improvement programmers. Molecular markers have reliable results and performance increased research of cotton breeding programs. Molecular markers are used to analyze genomic variations, association mapping, fingerprinting and genetic diversity in cotton crop.SNP markers have many advantages for genotyping of large populations as compared to previous marker systems. It is more advance and efficient processing technique. With the help of SNP technique we get more accurate results as compared to other markers in a short time. Overall DNA markers are used in cotton include Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP), Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP), Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism, with their history current development, implication and importance in cotton breeding. Keywords PCR Polymerase chain reaction QTLs Quantitative trait loci RAPD Random amplified polymorphic DNA RFLP Restriction fragment length polymorphism RIL Recombinant inbred line SNPs Single nucleotide polymorphisms SSR Simple sequence repea

A Study on Problems and Malpractices Emerge during Examination of Grade 5 and Grade 8 Students in Punjab

Abstract  Examinations are conducted under some certain rules and regulations set by exam governing bodies. According to Arijesuyo and Adeyoju (2012) credibility of examination depends upon fair and systematic conduct under proper conditions (Ray, et al, 2018). This research was designed to explore the problems and malpractices emerge during examination of grade 5 and grade 8 students in Punjab. Purposive sampling technique was used for the selection of experienced participants of the study (Creswell, 2013).  Twenty-two ECC heads, who had been conducting examination were interviewed. A semi structured interview protocol was used as an instrument of the study. Thematic analysis was used for the analysis of data (Clarke and Braun, 2018). Results revealed that several problems hamper the performance of deputed staff and credibility of examination. These problems consist of malpractices, lack of resources and shortage and misprinting of papers. Moreover, improper training, less remuneration, combine and overcrowded exam centres etc. also created problems for ECC heads. It was also explored that activities of schools suffered due to engagement of teaching staff for exams

Aspects of Mir Sher Ali Afsos’s Poetry

Mir sher Ali Afsos was a successful ghazal poet of his era. He has tried almost all the popular genres of speech. The poetry of Mir Sher Ali Afsos seems to be impressive in the color of despair apart from love, but this color is traditional. A study of Kuliat-e-Afsos reveals that he has used all the essentials of art to enhance the reader's quest for techniques, similes and metaphors in his words, as well as the craft of poetry. Afsos has also used beautiful arts in his speech, all these accessories create a charming beauty in the poetry which makes the poet beautiful. His poetry is romantic. In this article effort is made to analyse his poetry

Electrolyte Disturbances in Patients with Dengue Fever

Background: To determine the electrolyte disturbances in patients with dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever.Methods: In this cross-sectional study 110 patients, with dengue fever, were included. Serum electrolytes levels were measured at the fifth and sixth day of fever irrespective of the stage of dengue infection (DF/DHF). Dengue was confirmed by NS1 or IgM/IgG positivity. DHF was labeled as per WHO criteria of Dengue Hemorrhagic fever. Dengue fever was confirmed in 110 patients by NS1 antigen and IgM/IgG positivity by ELISA. Serum sodium, potassium, and chloride concentrations were measured by standard protocols.Results: Average age of patients was 34.02 years with the majority of males (63.6%). Seventy (63.6%) patients were diagnosed as a case of dengue fever (DF) and 40 (34.4%) patients were diagnosed as case of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Out of the total, 82 (74.5%) patients had NS1 positive, 54 (49.1%) patients had IgG positive and 33 (30%) patients had IgM positive. Although serum electrolytes were higher among patients with DHF as compared to DF but the association was insignificant. Conclusion: Hyponatremia was the most common disturbance in patients with Dengue fever as well as in patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever. No significant association was found in electrolyte disturbances between patients of dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever

Contemporary challenges confronting Islamic banking & finance

The philosophy of Islamic economics is "brining economics in consonance with Shariah", guiding Islamic banking and finance to abolish interest from operations, has reported a monumental growth, envisaged the most lucrative and unsusceptible segment of the economy. Islamic finance is undoubtedly flourishing worldwide entails trajectory development but at other front it encounters a number of impediments in development since its inception. The emphasis of this study is to encapsulate in tabular form, the contemporary problems and challenges Islamic finance has encountered during the span of last 28-years from 1988 to 2015. The austere Shariah compliance; regulatory and prudential challenges; misconception among western society about Islamic banking philosophy; unavailability of money and capital market for scant Islamic financial instruments; piercing competition; privation of Islamic banking and finance awareness; absence of uniform reporting standards; complexities of regulatory and supervisory issues; lack of central supervisory body, governance and dearth of consensus among Shariah scholars been the precarious challenges among many others. A unified central regulatory and supervisory mechanism required in converging sprinkled Islamic finance practices and to foster a synchronized and standardized regulatory framework consensus need to be developed among all Shariah scholar

Genetic Variability and Path Coefficient Analysis for Yield Related Traits in Helianthus Annus

The experiment was conducted in the research area of the department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. The research material were comprised of 20 genotypes of sunflower (G-16, G-30, G-32, G-36, G-44, G-45, G-61, G-64, G-66, G-68, G-86, A-2, A-14, A-23, A-56, A-60, A-61, A-79, A-133 and A-185). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the year 2013. Results revealed that the strongest correlation of seed yield was observed with 1000-grain weight at genotypic level, 1000 grain weight and oil contents were positively and significantly correlated at phenotypic and genotypic levels with total achene weight. So the 1000-seed weight and oil contents are important yield components and could be used as selection criteria to improve seed yield. In path coefficient, highest positive indirect effect of chlorophyll was through oil content. While that direct selection for oil contents, Fresh head diameter, Plant height and days to 50% flowering will give the best results for total achene weight per plant. Keywords: G-16, sunflower, 1000 grain weight, chlorophyll and oil contents