Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC): organizational innovation in population, health and development in Bangladesh in the context of the millennium development goals

Bangladesh has marked strides to make in reaching the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)for child mortality and maternal health by 2015. Progress and achievements that have been made to date are recognized. However, challenges remain that may impede steady progress towards the realization of the goals, including social inequality, largely defined by the low status of women, and the rich-poor divide. BRAC’s innovative organizational approach in Bangladesh serves to fill in the gaps left by the public sector, and brings a comprehensive approach to addressing these challenges and encouraging advances in health and development

Cubic Interior Ideals in Semigroups

In this paper we apply the cubic set theory to interior ideals of a semigroup. The notion of cubic interior ideals is introduced, and related properties are investigated. Characterizations of (cubic) interior ideals are established, and conditions for a semigroup to be left (right) simple are provided

Contemporary obstacles in parenting Muslim children in Bangladeshi society: an analytical analysis

   Bangladesh is a small country, but it has a sizable population, most of whom are Muslims. This nation faces numerous obstacles in a variety of areas. This article highlights the modern-day issues that children in Bangladesh confront. There is no denying the importance of education. We can be a good generation and thus a good country if we can nurture them properly. Nevertheless, there are some obstacles that stand in the way of this hoped-for optimism, particularly for the government. Present-day difficulties in Muslim children's education include the secular curriculum, poverty, intellectual conquest, cultural import, environment, and modern media. &nbsp

Variables that May Affect the Transmission of Dengue – A Case Study for Health Management in Asia

Funding for Open Access provided by the UMD Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund.Dengue, an emergent viral infection, has increased exponentially since the 1960s [1]. In spite of the alarming escalation of cases reported, the WHO still believes the disease is significantly underreported [2]. The effects of climate change are expected to dramatically increase the global incidence and geographic locations of dengue. According to the WHO, the number of countries reporting dengue cases has increased from nine countries before 1960 to more than 64 countries in 2007 [2]. Dengue cases continue to climb despite numerous interventions globally to halt the progression. Climate change allows the primary dengue vectors to thrive in more geographical locations; increased population, urbanization and deforestation have also provided favorable conditions for vectors. In areas with poor or nonexistent infrastructure, sanitation, and unreliable water supplies, water storage systems provide ideal breeding grounds for mosquitos. These issues are compounded by intercontinental commerce, specifically the transport of tires, which harbor rainwater and mosquito larvae, allowing introduction of non-native mosquitos to other countries. No cure currently exists for dengue and vaccine development has been fraught with difficulties. Dengue should be categorized as one of the most imperative global health issues in need of effective solutions. Drastic changes need to occur in public health approaches and health management policies for dengue. Without serious and immediate attention to the escalation of dengue the global burden of disease will significantly intensify

Universal Health Coverage and Environmental Health: An Investigation in Decreasing Communicable and Chronic Disease by Including Environmental Health in UHC

Over 83% of major diseases are environmentally mediated. These environmental factors include access to clean air and water, nutritional food, adequate shelter and access to health care. As health care systems across the globe struggle to include not only preventive health, but also health literacy in their approaches, it has become apparent that the most feasible system to combine all of these necessities is the universal health care/coverage (UHC) approach. This system also ensures that everyone has access to health services without financial hardship. It is imperative that environmental health (EH) is included in this approach, however, considering the global burden of disease due to environmental health factors. Epidemiological evidence-based approaches such as Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH), have proven the advantage of utilizing these environmental health practices. In order to integrate EH into UHC, a dual multipronged (preventive and clinical) approach can be implemented; however, many are using a multisectoral approach due to the array of public-private partnerships which aid in its success. In alignment with the Millennium and Sustainable Development Goals, nations must make strides to address health disparities, chronic disease and poverty. Low and middle income countries (LMIC) are disproportionately burdened by economic insecurity, global pollution and preexisting issues within their government infrastructure, creating the worst health outcomes in these nations. Bangladesh has some of the worst chronic disease morbidities in the world due to indoor air pollution, rural and urban health disparities and food insecurity. Although the nation has begun to integrate EH into UHC, better coordination among ministries implementing health care is necessary, along with increased monetary allocation from the government. There is also a dire need for more health care providers who possess appropriate skills to work in the public sector. Lastly, more equitable access to services in both rural and urban areas and an improved financing mechanism must be instilled to successfully implement this EH/UHC approach

Evaluation of Banking Sector’s Development in Bangladesh in light of Financial Reform

Historically, the performance of the banking sector has been weak, characterized by weak asset quality, inadequate provisioning, and negative capitalization of state-owned banks. To overcome these problems, the initial phase of banking reform (1980-1990) focused on the promotion of private ownership and denationalization of nationalized commercial banks (SCBs). During the second phase of reform, Financial Sector Reform Project (FSRP) of World Bank was launched in 1990 with the focus on gradual deregulations of the interest rate structure, providing market-oriented incentives for priority sector lending and improvement in the debt recovery environment. Moreover, a large number of private commercial banks were granted licenses during the second phase of reforms. Bangladesh Bank adopted Basel-I norms in 1996 and Basel-II during 2010. Moreover, the Central Bank Strengthening Project initiated in 2003 focused on effective regulatory and supervisory system, particularly strengthening the legal framework of banking sector. This study evaluates how successfully the banking sector of Bangladesh has evolved over the past decades in light of financial reform measures undertaken to strengthen this sector. Keywords: Financial Reform, PCB, SCB, FCB, DFI, Banglades

Bangladeshi Women's Rights to Work and Safety from the Islamic Perspective

Having an occupation is a fundamental right for women; hence, they cannot be denied this privilege by their families, societies, governments, or religions. There is no discrimination based on gender in Islam, and it has granted dignity to women who faced oppression during pre-Islamic times by providing gender equality and protecting women’s rights in all aspects of their lives. In Islam, there are two conditions for granting women a right to work, based on their natural characteristics; first, a woman’s primary scope of work is her family (house), and women have the same opportunities for work as men for any need. There is a common belief in Bangladesh that Islam does not permit women to work, and some Islamic scholars think women without a household have no place in the workplace. In some parts of Bangladesh, women are vulnerable at work; they often work in a hazardous working environment and are denied equal pay. In this light, Islam has provided specific guidelines for the welfare of women in the workplace to ensure a safe working environment. The primary objective of this research is to determine how women’s rights are protected in the garment sector. This study discussed women’s right to work in Islam, specifically regarding preserving their dignity at work, eliminating pay inequality, preventing physical abuse, providing a safe journey to work, strengthening family ties and improving maternal rights for working women. This study also examined possible benefits for women through implementing Islam, particularly regarding social respect and security and highlights the potential benefits of adopting Islamic principles in the garment sector to improve women’s lives in Bangladesh. This study follows the qualitative research paradigm and adopts the qualitative content analysis research method. The Bangladesh government’s laws regarding women’s right to work have been adopted as the primary data source. It is hoped that this study’s output can guide. The analysis outcome will be refined to present recommendations for reviewing the existing civil and Islamic laws, proper planning, legal reform, and implementation of changes at the end of this article. Hopefully, these findings will further empower women’s right to work, especially in Bangladesh. This highlights the need to empower women to achieve the desired development outcomes