Knowledge spillovers – Mobility of highly educated workers within high technology sector in Finland

The economic development and technological progress of a region are highly dependent on the accumulation and diffusion of knowledge. There are numerous channels through which knowledge might be transmitted. In this study, it is assumed that regional mobility of highly educated and innovative intensive workers between firms, organisations or institutions secures the diffusion and circulation of the knowledge. Hence, this analysis will concentrate on the regional job flows of individuals working in the high technology sector. The main topics of interest are: (1) to analyse the personal and household characteristics of the typical highly educated migrants within high technology sector, and (2) to evaluate the rate of labour turnover in different sub-sectors and regions. The empirical analysis of the paper is based on data from the Finnish Longitudinal Census File. Methodologically, the worker flows between regions are modelled by the maximum likelihood estimation which employs cross-sectional binary logit model, based on logistic distribution.

Agglomeration economies in the Finnish manufacturing sector

Regional concentration of population and economic activity is a common phenomenon both in Finland and the other most developed countries, which refers to the existence of agglomeration economies. Two types of economies are usually recognised to be important: specialisation (Marshall externalities) and diversity (Jacobs externalities) economies. The former refer to the geographical concentration of a specific industry and the latter to the industrial diversity of the local system. This paper examines the relationship between agglomeration economies and regional productivity in the manufacturing sector in Finland. A distinction is made between the effects of urbanisation and localisation economies. The production function method is applied to the manufacturing sub-sectors in the 83 NUTS 4-level regions in 1995 and 1999. The results find in favour of regional specialisation more than diversification even if some differences can be seen between the manufacturing sub-sectors. Localisation economies seem to be stronger in the regions where the average size of firms is small, which indicates that regions with smaller firms might profit more from localisation.

Agglomeration economies in the Finnish manufacturing sector

Regional concentration of population and economic activity is a common phenomenon both in Finland and the other most developed countries, which refers to the existence of agglomeration economies. Two types of economies are usually recognised to be important: specialisation (Marshall externalities) and diversity (Jacobs externalities) economies. The former refer to the geographical concentration of a specific industry and the latter to the industrial diversity of the local system. This paper examines the relationship between agglomeration economies and regional productivity in the manufacturing sector in Finland. A distinction is made between the effects of urbanisation and localisation economies. The production function method is applied to the manufacturing sub-sectors in the 83 NUTS 4-level regions in 1995 and 1999. The results find in favour of regional specialisation more than diversification even if some differences can be seen between the manufacturing sub-sectors. Localisation economies seem to be stronger in the regions where the average size of firms is small, which indicates that regions with smaller firms might profit more from localisation

Role of regional policies in promoting networking and innovation activity of firms

The success of firms and regions is increasingly defined by their innovation and learning capabilities. It has been emphasized in several studies that a local operational environment may have a positive impact on innovation activity of firms. From policy point of view, the relationship between firms and their local environment is an important research topic. The purpose of this paper is to explore whether there is a demand for regional policy makers in promoting innovative and networking activity of firms, and what are the appropriate strategies in this regard. The concept of innovative milieu provides a theoretical base for this study. The data used is based on personal interviews representing 30 high tech firms located in Jyväskylä Science Park in Finland. The results show that the firms appreciate an individual-level approach by policy makers which enables them to take the real needs of firms into consideration. A developed service structure, that is planned to meet the demand of new and established firms as well as possible, is an essential part of the well functioning operational environment. Supporting contacts with service providers and experts from different fields and organizing collective meetings for firms are important targets for the policy makers. In the innovation process, a commercial view of external part is considered very crucial. The small advances which alternate between the development of the innovation process and networks among firms and their interest groups could form a favourable path towards an operational environment with efficient innovative networks.

Role of regional policies in promoting networking and innovation activity of firms

The success of firms and regions is increasingly defined by their innovation and learning capabilities. It has been emphasized in several studies that a local operational environment may have a positive impact on innovation activity of firms. From policy point of view, the relationship between firms and their local environment is an important research topic. The purpose of this paper is to explore whether there is a demand for regional policy makers in promoting innovative and networking activity of firms, and what are the appropriate strategies in this regard. The concept of innovative milieu provides a theoretical base for this study. The data used is based on personal interviews representing 30 high tech firms located in Jyväskylä Science Park in Finland. The results show that the firms appreciate an individual-level approach by policy makers which enables them to take the real needs of firms into consideration. A developed service structure, that is planned to meet the demand of new and established firms as well as possible, is an essential part of the well functioning operational environment. Supporting contacts with service providers and experts from different fields and organizing collective meetings for firms are important targets for the policy makers. In the innovation process, a commercial view of external part is considered very crucial. The small advances which alternate between the development of the innovation process and networks among firms and their interest groups could form a favourable path towards an operational environment with efficient innovative networks

Peripheral halo-functionalization in [Cu(N^N)(P^P)]+ emitters: influence on the performances of light-emitting electrochemical cells

A series of heteroleptic [Cu(N^N)(P^P)][PF6] complexes is described in which P^P = bis(2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl)ether (POP) or 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene (xantphos) and N^N = 4,4′-diphenyl-6,6′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine substituted in the 4-position of the phenyl groups with atom X (N^N = 1 has X = F, 2 has X = Cl, 3 has X = Br, 4 has X = I; the benchmark N^N ligand with X = H is 5). These complexes have been characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analyses and cyclic voltammetry; representative single crystal structures are also reported. The solution absorption spectra are characterized by high energy bands (arising from ligand-centred transitions) which are red-shifted on going from X = H to X = I, and a broad metal-to-ligand charge transfer band with λmax in the range 387–395 nm. The ten complexes are yellow emitters in solution and yellow or yellow-orange emitters in the solid-state. For a given N^N ligand, the solution photoluminescence (PL) spectra show no significant change on going from [Cu(N^N)(POP)]+ to [Cu(N^N)(xantphos)]+; introducing the iodo-functionality into the N^N domain leads to a red-shift in λmaxem compared to the complexes with the benchmark N^N ligand 5. In the solid state, [Cu(1)(POP)][PF6] and [Cu(1)(xantphos)][PF6] (fluoro-substituent) exhibit the highest PL quantum yields (74 and 25%, respectively) with values of τ1/2 = 11.1 and 5.8 μs, respectively. Light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) with [Cu(N^N)(P^P)][PF6] complexes in the emissive layer have been tested. Using a block-wave pulsed current driving mode, the best performing device employed [Cu(1)(xantphos)]+ and this showed a maximum luminance (Lummax) of 129 cd m−2 and a device lifetime (t1/2) of 54 h; however, the turn-on time (time to reach Lummax) was 4.1 h. Trends in performance data reveal that the introduction of fluoro-groups is beneficial, but that the incorporation of heavier halo-substituents leads to poor devices, probably due to a detrimental effect on charge transport; LECs with the iodo-functionalized N^N ligand 4 failed to show any electroluminescence after 50 h

Complexation of lanthanides, actinides and transition metal cations with a 6-(1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)-2,2’:6’,2’’-terpyridine ligand: implications for actinide(III) /lanthanide(III) partitioning

The quadridentate N-heterocyclic ligand 6-(5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,2,4-benzotriazin-3-yl)-2,2’:6’,2’’-terpyridine (CyMe4-hemi-BTBP) has been synthesized and its interactions with Am(III), U(VI), Ln(III) and some transition metal cations have been evaluated by X-ray crystallographic analysis, Am(III)/Eu(III) solvent extraction experiments, UV absorption spectrophotometry, NMR studies and ESI-MS. Structures of the 1:1 complexes with Eu(III), Ce(III) and the linear uranyl (UO22+) ion were obtained by X-ray crystallographic analysis, and showed similar coordination behavior to related BTBP complexes. In methanol, the stability constants of the Ln(III) complexes are slightly lower than those of the analogous quadridentate bis-triazine BTBP ligands, while the stability constant for the Yb(III) complex is higher. 1H NMR titrations and ESI-MS with lanthanide nitrates showed that the ligand forms only 1:1 complexes with Eu(III), Ce(III) and Yb(III), while both 1:1 and 1:2 complexes were formed with La(III) and Y(III) in acetonitrile. A mixture of isomeric chiral 2:2 helical complexes was formed with Cu(I), with a slight preference (1.4:1) for a single directional isomer. In contrast, a 1:1 complex was observed with the larger Ag(I) ion. The ligand was unable to extract Am(III) or Eu(III) from nitric acid solutions into 1-octanol, except in the presence of a synergist at low acidity. The results show that the presence of two outer 1,2,4-triazine rings is required for the efficient extraction and separation of An(III) from Ln(III) by quadridentate N-donor ligand

Yhteisöreaktio turvapaikanhakijoiden laajamittaiseen maahantuloon : Kriisityön organisoituminen Tampereella syksyllä 2015

Tuhansien turvapaikanhakijoiden laajamittainen maahantulo Suomeen syksyllä 2015 vaati pikaisia toimenpiteitä sekä Maahanmuuttovirastolta että kunnilta. Hätämajoitusyksiköitä perustettiin nopealla aikataululla eri puolille maata. Myös Tampereelle tuli reilun kuukauden aikana lähes 950 turvapaikanhakijaa ja tilanne kriisiytyi. Tämän pro gradu -tutkielman tavoitteena on selvittää, miten tamperelainen auttajien yhteisö reagoi turvapaikanhakijoiden laajamittaiseen maahantuloon syksyllä 2015 ja millaisena kriisityöntekijöiden identiteetit jäsentyivät reagoimisen myötä. Tutkimus paikantuu kriisityön kontekstiin. Teoreettinen näkökulma muodostuu katastrofien, kaaosajattelun, kriisityön ja yhteisöreaktion idean avulla. Aineistona on kriisityössä eri tehtävissä toimineiden Tampereen kaupungin ja Punaisen Ristin työntekijöiden (n=13) haastattelut, jotka on analysoitu sisällönanalyysin menetelmällä. Analyysin tuloksina muodostui neljä kriisityön ulottuvuutta ja viisi kriisityöntekijän identiteettiä. Kriisityön ulottuvuudet ovat toiminnan organisoimisen ja yhteistyön ulottuvuus, käytännön auttamistyön ja asiakkaiden kohtaamisen ulottuvuus, kokemuksellinen ulottuvuus ja yhteiskunnallinen ulottuvuus. Kriisityöntekijän identiteetit ovat asiantuntijan, vahvan toimijan, sitoutuneen työntekijän, auttajan ja oppijan identiteetit. Ulottuvuudet ja identiteetit voivat olla työssä läsnä samanaikaisesti tai tilanteittain vaihdellen. Kriisitilanteessa toimiminen on nopeatempoista, kaoottista ja vaativaa moniulotteista työskentelyä. Toiminnan ulottuvuudet on tärkeä tiedostaa ja pyrkiä valmistautumaan niihin etukäteen suunnittelulla ja koulutuksella. Toimiva yhteistyö sekä selkeä roolien ja vastuiden jako kriisin toimijoiden kesken on oleellista sujuvan kriisityön kannalta. Kriisitilanteessa toimiminen edellyttää etenkin johtajilta tilannetajua, jämäkkyyttä, joustavuutta ja nopeaa päätöksentekokykyä. Kaikkien työntekijöiden, myös esimiesten, jaksamisesta kriisin aikana on huolehdittava. Kriisitilanteen läpikäyminen jälkikäteen ja siitä oppiminen on ensiarvoisen tärkeää mahdollisia tulevia kriisejä varten

Current State of Ontology Matching. A Survey of Ontology and Schema Matching

Ontology matching is an important task when data from multiple data sources is integrated. Problems of ontology matching have been studied widely in the researchliterature and many different solutions and approaches have been proposed alsoin commercial software tools. In this survey, well-known approaches of ontologymatching, and its subtype schema matching, are reviewed and compared. The aimof this report is to summarize the knowledge about the state-of-the-art solutionsfrom the research literature, discuss how the methods work on different application domains, and analyze pros and cons of different open source and academic tools inthe commercial world.Siirretty Doriast