Międzynarodowa Konferencja Naukowa „Estetyczne modele literatury rosyjskiej”, Białystok, 17–18 września 2015 r.

Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydział Filologiczny. Instytut Filologii Wschodniosłowiańskiej421-42

Thermal Atomic Layer Etching of Crystalline Metal Oxides and Metals

Thermal atomic layer etching (ALE) is used to remove thin films with &Aring;ngstrom-level precision and is achieved using sequential, self-limiting reactions. ALE processes typically consist of two reactions: surface modification and removal. The modification reactions used in this work are fluorination or chlorination. The two removal reactions explored are ligandexchange or ligand-addition. Both removal reactions result in volatilization of the modified surface. During the ALE process, these two reactions are repeated until the desired amount of material is removed. ALE has applications in the semiconductor industry because smaller scale devices require precise removal of various types of material.&nbsp; The first two studies investigated the differences in ALE etch per cycle for an amorphous versus crystalline metal oxides. The first study examined the difference in ALE of amorphous and crystalline HfO2, ZrO2, and HfZrO4. The second study examined amorphous and crystalline Al2O3 thin films. The amorphous metal oxides had a higher etch per cycle compared to their crystalline counterparts.&nbsp; The last two studies focused on developing ALE processes for nickel and cobalt. Metals are particularly difficult to etch using ALE because they have an oxidation state of zero. Usually volatile products contain oxidized metals. During the ALE process, the metal must be oxidized to successfully create volatile etch products. This study used chlorination, using sulfuryl chloride (SO2Cl2), as the modification step for both nickel and cobalt. Then a ligand-addition step exposed the metal chloride surface to an L ligand. The L ligands contain a lone pair of electrons that can donate to the metal center. The L ligand used for nickel was trimethyl phosphine (PMe3). The L ligands used for cobalt ALE were PMe3 or tetramethyl ethylenediamine (TMEDA), which can act as a bidentate L ligand. The TMEDA ligand was more efficient than PMe3 for ALE of cobalt.&nbsp;</p

Между несогласием и бегством. Источники абсурда в рассказе Владимира Сорокина Настя

The main purpose of the analysis performed in this article is to point out the presence of an element of the absurd in Vladimir Sorokin's works. The subject of interpersonal relations absurdity is a relevant aspect of Sorokin's story Nastia. The author's creation refers to the motive of the nonsensical feast also known from Sorokin's other stories. Consumption of a human body described in Nastia does not have any argumentation or justification. To highlight the absurdity of individual – sanguinary society relation Sorokin reaches for literary devices like: satire, hyperbola, irony and even grotesque.Uniwersytet w BiałymstokuBartoszyński K., Kosmos i antynomie, [w:] Gombrowicz i krytycy, red. nauk. Z. Łapiński, Kraków-Warszawa 1984.Goodman N., Wstęp do socjologii, przeł. J. Polak, Poznań 1997.Klimczak D.P., Śmiertelnicy. Teatr Absurdu Samuela Becketta w przestrzeni MISTERIUM MORTIS, Kraków – Warszawa 2006.Kopaliński W., Słownik mitów i tradycji kultury, Warszawa 1988.Korycińska A., Teatr Śmierci – Teatr Pamięci, [online], http://niewinni-czarodzieje.pl/teatr-smierci-teatr-pamieci, [30.08.2016].Łubieniewska E., Metafizyka i absurd, [w:] Tejże, Czysta forma i bebechy, Kraków 2007, s. 8-23.Nakoneczny T., Rosyjska tożsamość narodowa wobec modernizacji literatury, „Porównania” 2007, nr 4, z. IV, s. 83-93.Nowaczyk A., Dosłowność, metafora i nonsens w filozofii, [w:] Język współczesnej humanistyki, red. J. Pelc, Warszawa 2000, s. 207–222.Munteanu A., Różnice i podobieństwa koncepcji światopoglądowych w sztukach Eugène’a Ionesco i Sławomira Mrożka, „Zarządzanie w kulturze” 2014, nr 15, z. 4, s. 385-390.Piecuch C., Metafizyka egzystencjalna Karla Jaspersa, Kraków 2011, s.172-174.Prewysz-Kwinto A., Atrybuty ludzkiej egzystencji u Jean Paul Sartre'a, [online] http://www.profesor.pl/publikacja,10082,Artykuly,Atrybuty-ludzkiej-egzystencji-u-JeanPaul-Sartrea , [31.08.2016].Rorty R., Przygodność języka, przeł. W. J. Popowski, [w:] Zrozumieć postmodernizm, red. E. Morawska, Warszawa 1996, s. 118-119.Sartre J. P., Mdłości, [cytat za:] J. Trzndel, To straszne istnienie, „Newsweek”, [online], http://www.news-week.pl/europa/to-straszne-istnienie,45712,1,1.html, [29.08.2016].Słynny pisarz na celowniku prawosławnej aktywistki. „Propaguje kanibalizm”, [online], http://www.tvn24.pl/wiadomosci-ze-swiata,2/rosja-wladimir-sorokin-propaguje-kanibalizm, 670850.html, [25.08.2016]Zywert A., Smak życia – smak śmierci. Uczta Władimira Sorokina, “Slavica Wratislaviensia” CLVIII 2014, nr 158, s. 337-347.Балашова Е., О значении чисел в книге В. Сорокина «Пир», [online], http://slovesnik.narod.ru/ruslit/stud/balash.html, [30.08.2016].Биберган Е., Концептуальность и философия в рассказе Владимира Сорокина «Настя», „Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Серия 9. Филология. Востоковедение. Журналистика” 2001, №14, [online], http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kontseptualnost-i-filosofiya-v-rasskaze-vladimira-sorokina nastya, [25.08.2016].Латынина А., Рагу из прошлогоднего зайца, „Литературная Газета” 2001, № 10, [online], http://www.srkn.ru/criticism/latynina.shtml, [30.08.2016].Михайлова М., Писатель Владимир Сорокин:„Художественная литература по определению неподсудна”, "Новые известия" 24 августа 2016 года, [online], http://rubykov.livejournal.com/, [25.08.2016].Oтмутовин А., Милиция проверяет рассказ Сорокина «Настя» на экстремизм, „TopRe” 23.08.2016, [online], http://topre.ru/2016/08/23/miliciya-proveryaet-rasskazsorokina-nastya-na-ekstremizm.html, [25.08.2016].Сорокин В., Настя, [online], https://www.livelib.ru/review/249861 [25.08.2016].Сорокин В., И. Смирнов, Диалог о еде, [online], http://www.guelman.ru/slava/texts/eda.html, [25.08.2016].Шаманский Д., Абсурд (о творчестве Владимира Сорокина), [online], http://www.srkn.ru/criticism/shamansky.shtml, [25.08.2016].22323

Thermal atomic layer etching of germanium-rich SiGe using an oxidation and "conversion-etch" mechanism

The thermal atomic layer etching (ALE) of germanium-rich SiGe was demonstrated using an oxidation and "conversion-etch" mechanism with oxygen (O-2) or ozone (O-3), hydrofluoric acid (HF), and trimethylaluminum [TMA, Al(CH3)(3)] as the reactants. The crystalline germanium-rich SiGe film was prepared using physical vapor deposition and had a composition of Si0.15Ge0.85. In situ spectroscopic ellipsometry was employed to monitor the thickness of both the SiGe film and the surface oxide layer on the SiGe film during thermal ALE. Using a reactant sequence of O-2-HF-TMA, the etch rate of the SiGe film increased progressively with temperatures from 225 to 290 degrees C. At 290 degrees C, the SiGe film thickness decreased linearly at a rate of 0.57 angstrom /cycle with a surface oxide thickness of 18-19 angstrom. This etch rate was obtained using reactant pressures of 25, 0.2, and 0.4Torr and doses of 1.5, 1.0, and 1.0s for O-2, HF, and TMA, respectively. The TMA and HF reactions were self-limiting and the O-2 reaction was reasonably self-limiting at 290 degrees C. Using an O-3-HF-TMA reaction sequence, the SiGe ALE etch rate was 0.42 angstrom /cycle at 290 degrees C. This etch rate was obtained using reactant pressures of 15, 0.2, and 0.4Torr and dose times of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.0s for O-3, HF, and TMA, respectively. The O-3, TMA, and HF reactions were all self-limiting at 290 degrees C. Atomic force microscopy images revealed that thermal ALE with the O-2-HF-TMA or O-3-HF-TMA reaction sequences did not roughen the surface of the SiGe film. The SiGe film was etched selectively compared with Si or Si3N4 at 290 degrees C using an O-2-HF-TMA reaction sequence. The etch rate for the SiGe film was >10 times faster than Si(100) or Si3N4 that was prepared using low-pressure chemical vapor deposition. This selectivity for the SiGe film will be useful to fabricate Si nanowires and nanosheets using SiGe as the sacrificial layer.Peer reviewe

Catalyst-Controlled Stereoselective Olefin Metathesis as a Principal Strategy in Multistep Synthesis Design: A Concise Route to (+)-Neopeltolide

Molybdenum-, tungsten-, and ruthenium-based complexes that control the stereochemical outcome of olefin metathesis reactions have been recently introduced. However, the complementary nature of these systems through their combined use in multistep complex molecule synthesis has not been illustrated. A concise diastereo- and enantioselective route that furnishes the anti-proliferative natural product neopeltolide is now disclosed. Catalytic transformations are employed to address every stereochemical issue. Among the featured processes are an enantioselective ring-opening/cross-metathesis promoted by a Mo monoaryloxide pyrrolide (MAP) complex and a macrocyclic ring-closing metathesis that affords a trisubstituted alkene and is catalyzed by a Mo bis(aryloxide) species. Furthermore, Z-selective cross-metathesis reactions, facilitated by Mo and Ru complexes, have been employed in the stereoselective synthesis of the acyclic dienyl moiety of the target molecule.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (NIH grant GM-59426)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (NIH grant GM-57212)AstraZeneca (Firm) (Graduate Fellowship)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (NSF award CHE-1362763

A cyclic universe with colour fields

The topology of the universe is discussed in relation to the singularity problem. We explore the possibility that the initial state of the universe might have had a structure with 3-Klein bottle topology, which would lead to a model of a nonsingular oscillating (cyclic) universe with a well-defined boundary condition. The same topology is assumed to be intrinsic to the nature of the hypothetical primitive constituents of matter (usually called preons) giving rise to the observed variety of elementary particles. Some phenomenological implications of this approach are also discussed.Comment: 21 pages, 9 figures; v.4: final versio