Splitting of liftings in products of probability spaces

We prove that if (X,\mathfrakA,P) is an arbitrary probability space with countably generated \sigma-algebra \mathfrakA, (Y,\mathfrakB,Q) is an arbitrary complete probability space with a lifting \rho and \hat R is a complete probability measure on \mathfrakA \hat \otimes_R \mathfrakB determined by a regular conditional probability {S_y:y\in Y} on \mathfrakA with respect to \mathfrakB, then there exist a lifting \pi on (X\times Y,\mathfrakA \hat \otimes_R \mathfrakB,\hat R) and liftings \sigma_y on (X,\hat \mathfrakA_y,\hat S_y), y\in Y, such that, for every E\in\mathfrakA \hat \otimes_R \mathfrakB and every y\in Y, [\pi(E)]^y=\sigma_y\bigl([\pi(E)]^y\bigr). Assuming the absolute continuity of R with respect to P\otimes Q, we prove the existence of a regular conditional probability {T_y:y\in Y} and liftings \varpi on (X\times Y,\mathfrakA \hat \otimes_R \mathfrakB,\hat R), \rho' on (Y,\mathfrakB,\hat Q) and \sigma_y on (X,\hat \mathfrakA_y,\hat S_y), y\in Y, such that, for every E\in\mathfrakA \hat \otimes_R \mathfrakB and every y\in Y, [\varpi(E)]^y=\sigma_y\bigl([\varpi(E)]^y\bigr) and \varpi(A\times B)=\bigcup_{y\in\rho'(B)}\sigma_y(A)\times{y}\qquadif A\times B\in\mathfrakA\times\mathfrakB. Both results are generalizations of Musia\l, Strauss and Macheras [Fund. Math. 166 (2000) 281-303] to the case of measures which are not necessarily products of marginal measures. We prove also that liftings obtained in this paper always convert \hat R-measurable stochastic processes into their \hat R-measurable modifications.Comment: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009117904000000018 in the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org

Bond breaking with auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo

Bond stretching mimics different levels of electron correlation and provides a challenging testbed for approximate many-body computational methods. Using the recently developed phaseless auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo (AF QMC) method, we examine bond stretching in the well-studied molecules BH and N$_2$, and in the H$_{50}$ chain. To control the sign/phase problem, the phaseless AF QMC method constrains the paths in the auxiliary-field path integrals with an approximate phase condition that depends on a trial wave function. With single Slater determinants from unrestricted Hartree-Fock (UHF) as trial wave function, the phaseless AF QMC method generally gives better overall accuracy and a more uniform behavior than the coupled cluster CCSD(T) method in mapping the potential-energy curve. In both BH and N$_2$, we also study the use of multiple-determinant trial wave functions from multi-configuration self-consistent-field (MCSCF) calculations. The increase in computational cost versus the gain in statistical and systematic accuracy are examined. With such trial wave functions, excellent results are obtained across the entire region between equilibrium and the dissociation limit.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures and 3 tables. Submitted to JC

Apparent multiple Delta m^2_32 in muon anti-neutrino and muon neutrino survival oscillations from non-standard interaction matter effect

Neutrinos propagating through matter may participate in forward coherent neutral-current-like scattering arising from non-standard interactions as well as from the Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein matter potential $V_e$. We show that at fixed long baselines through matter of constant density, the non-standard interaction potential $\epsilon_{\mu\tau} V_e$ can contribute an additional term to the oscillation phase whose sign differs for \anumu versus \numu propagation in matter. Its presence can cause different apparent $\Delta m^2$ to be erroneously inferred on the basis of oscillations in vacuum, with values lying above (for \anumu) or below (for \numu) the actual $\Delta m^2_{32}$ for the case where $\epsilon_{\mu\tau}$ is predominantly real-valued and of sign opposite to $\Delta m_{32}^2$. An NSI scenario invoking only $\Re(\epsilon_{\mu\tau})$ is shown to be capable of accounting for a disparity recently reported between oscillation survival for \anumu and \numu fluxes measured at $735~\mathrm{km}$ by the MINOS experiment. Implications for mantle traversal by atmospheric neutrinos are examined. The NSI matter potential with non-maximal mixing could evade conventional atmospheric neutrino analyses which do not distinguish \numu from \anumu on an event-by-event basis.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in Physical Review

10MW Class Direct Drive HTS Wind Turbine: Cooperative Research and Development Final Report, CRADA Number CRD-08-00312

This paper summarizes the work completed under the CRADA between NREL and American Superconductor (AMSC). The CRADA combined NREL and AMSC resources to benchmark high temperature superconducting direct drive (HTSDD) generator technology by integrating the technologies into a conceptual wind turbine design, and comparing the design to geared drive and permanent magnet direct drive (PMDD) wind turbine configurations. Analysis was accomplished by upgrading the NREL Wind Turbine Design Cost and Scaling Model to represent geared and PMDD turbines at machine ratings up to 10 MW and then comparing cost and mass figures of AMSC's HTSDD wind turbine designs to theoretical geared and PMDD turbine designs at 3.1, 6, and 10 MW sizes

The detection of lubricating oil viscosity changes in gearbox transmission systems driven by sensorless variable speed drives using electrical supply parameters

Lubrication oil plays a decisive role to maintain a reliable and efficient operation of gear transmissions. Many offline methods have been developed to monitor the quality of lubricating oils. This work focus on developing a novel online method to diagnose oil degradation based on the measurements from power supply system to the gearbox. Experimental studies based on an 10kW industrial gearbox fed by a sensorless variable speed drive (VSD) shows that measurable changes in both static power and dynamic behaviour are different with lube oils tested. Therefore, it is feasible to use the static power feature to indicate viscosity changes at low and moderate operating speeds. In the meantime, the dynamic feature can separate viscosity changes for all different tested cases

Detection of anti-cardiolipin and anti-β2glycoprotein I antibodies differs between platforms without influence on association with clinical symptoms

Background: The anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized by thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity with persistent presence of anti-phospholipid antibodies (aPL). Laboratory criteria include aPL detection by coagulation tests for lupus anticoagulant (LAC) or solid phase assays measuring anti-beta 2 glycoprotein I (a beta 2GPI) or anticardiolipin (aCL) immunoglobulin (Ig) G/IgM antibodies. External quality control programs illustrate that commercially available aPL assays produce variable results. Objective: We aimed to investigate the agreement and diagnostic accuracy of solid phase assays. Materials and Methods: In thismulti-centre study, 1,168 patient samples were tested on one site for aCL and a beta 2GPI IgG/IgM antibodies by four solid phase test systems. Samples included APS patients, controls and monoclonal antibodies (MoAB) against different epitopes of beta 2GPI. LAC was determined by the local centre. Results: aCL IgM assays resulted in the most discrepancies (60%), while aCL IgG and a beta 2GPI IgM assays resulted in lower discrepancies (36%), suggesting better agreement. Discrepant samples displayed lower median aPL titers. Dependent on the solid phase test system, odds ratios (ORs) for thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity ranged from 1.98 to 2.56 and 3.42 to 4.78, respectively. Three platforms showed lower sensitivity for MoAB directed against the glycine (Gly) 40-arginine (Arg) 43 epitope of domain I of beta 2GPI. Conclusion: Poor agreement was observed between different commercially available aCL and a beta 2GPI IgG/IgM assays, hampering uniformity in the identification of aPL-positive patients. Clinical association was globally concordant between solid phase test systems considering results of the four aPL together. An assay sensitive in detecting the MoAB against Gly40-Arg43 of domain I of beta 2GPI reached the highest OR for thrombosis

Stability Studies of a Mixture of Paracetamol and Ascorbic Acid, Prepared Extempore, at Elevated Temperature and Humidity Conditions

Purpose: To determine the effect of the temperature of water used for the preparation of paracetamol and ascorbic acid mixture on its stability, as well as to assess the influence of humidity on the stability of single components and their mixtures.Methods: The stability of the mixtures in aqueous medium was evaluated with the aid of UV–Vis spectrophotometer interfaced with a computer. Spectral analysis was adapted to monitor changes in the aqueous medium of a commercial paracetamol and ascorbic acid mixture, an extemporaneously prepared mixture of paracetamol and ascorbic acid, and the individual preparations of paracetamol and ascorbic acid.Results: The degradation rate was lower in commercial preparation (6.80 × 10-3 min-1), compared to that of the extemporaneously prepared ascorbic acid/paracetamol mixture (2.30 × 10-2 min-1). The decomposition of the commercial product in aqueous medium was 3.38 times slower than that of the extemporaneously prepared mixture. Ascorbic acid, tested under the same conditions as the commercial product, was unstable in aqueous solutions, with a degradation rate of 1.17×10-2 min-1. Ascorbic acid, dissolved in water, degraded completely within 4 h at room temperature, whereas paracetamol remained stable under the same conditions for 11 days.Conclusion: The individual drugs in their original form retained their stability for 72 h, but some of the mixtures, in particular, the extemporaneously prepared ones showed more rapid degradation. Extemporaneous preparation of paracetamol/ascorbic acid liquid mixtures should not be encouraged

Semi-Submersible Platform and Anchor Foundation Systems for Wind Turbine Support: August 30, 2004 - May 31, 2005

This report examines the feasibility of various semi-submersible platform configurations for an offshore deep water wind turbine

Status of Wave and Tidal Power Technologies for the United States

This paper presents the status of marine applications for renewable energy as of 2008 from a U.S. perspective. Technologies examined include wave, tidal, and ocean current energy extraction devices

Influence of Liquid Paraffin, White Soft Paraffin and Initial Hydration on Viscosity of Corticosteroid Cream

Purpose: To ascertain the influence of paraffin, white soft paraffin and pre-hydrated white soft paraffin on the viscosity of a cream formulated with a corticosteroid.Methods: The formulations were prepared via homogenization with variable velocity in the range 3300 - 4000 rpm. Individual series of preparations contained the same proportion of macrogol cetostearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, sorbitan stearate, propylene glycol, metyl  parahydroxybenzoate, propyl parahydroxybenzoate and water. The semi-solid preparations were assessed by viscometric and microscopic methods.Results: The viscosity of the samples measured ranged from 13050 to 15660 mPas. The particles in dispersed phase sized from 15 to 90 ìm. Within the multiple emulsion, the continuous phase included fine particles with diameter < 5 ìm. Change of the liquid paraffin used from Ondina 934 to Vara 600P significantly decreased the viscosity of the formulation. Several phases within the formulations were distinguished microscopically. Increased viscosity was observed in formulations with increasing proportion of white soft paraffin.Conclusion: Both the ratio of liquid paraffin to white soft paraffin, as well as the initial hydration of white soft paraffin influenced the viscosity of the cream as well as the diameter of particles in the dispersed phase.Keywords: Cream, Ointment, Paraffin, Emulsion, Dispersion, Viscosity, Particle diamete