Nitrogen-Doped Hollow Carbon Spheres-Decorated Co₂SnO₄/WS₂ Heterostructures with Improved Visible-Light Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Dye

Advanced photocatalytic materials for environmental cleanup need to be developed in response to growing concerns about water pollution. This paper presents a novel N-doped hollow carbon spheres (NHCSs)-supported Co2SnO4/WS2 heterostructure synthesized using a hydrothermal approach and examined using various characterization techniques to evaluate the crystal structures, functional groups, surface morphology, chemical properties, and optical characteristics. The photocatalytic performance of the Co2SnO4/WS2@NHCSs composite was assessed by degrading Congo red (CR) under visible light, resulting in a notable degradation rate of 87.22% in 60 min. The enhanced degradation efficiency is ascribed to the Z-scheme heterojunction charge-transfer mechanism, which augments sustained charge separation while suppressing recombination under visible-light irradiation. Furthermore, the quenching experiments revealed that specific superoxide radicals (•O2-) and hydroxyl radicals (•OH) were integral to the degradation reaction, and a potential Z-scheme charge-transfer pathway mechanism for the effective Co2SnO4/WS2@NHCSs photocatalysts was also suggested. The potential degradation mechanism was suggested using LC-MS analysis. This study highlights the promise of Co2SnO4/WS2@NHCSs composites for practical wastewater treatment applications, providing a sustainable and effective solution for environmental remediation

Breakthrough in High-Efficiency Photocatalytic Degradation of Acebutolol by Advanced Binary CeO₂–MnO₂ Oxide System

The sustainable catalytic efficacy of transition metal oxides (TMO) and rare earth element-based oxides positions them as pivotal materials for effectively treating contaminated wastewater. This study successfully synthesized a series of Ce@MnO2 photocatalysts using a straightforward hydrothermal method. These photocatalysts were thoroughly characterized for their optical properties, structural morphology, and phase purity. Among the synthesized materials, the Ce@MnO2 (40:60) exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity for the degradation of Acebutolol (ACB), achieving a remarkable degradation efficiency of 92.71% within 90 min under visible light irradiation. This superior performance is attributed to the increased presence of active species and the efficient separation of photogenerated carriers. Additionally, the photocatalytic reaction mechanism was elucidated, highlighting the catalyst’s surface charge properties which significantly enhanced performance in a solution with pH 8. The outstanding photo-response in the visible spectrum renders this method not only cost-effective but also environmentally benign, presenting a promising approach for large-scale water purification

Hydrothermal Fabrication of GO Decorated Dy₂WO₆-ZnO Ternary Nanocomposites: An Efficient Photocatalyst for the Degradation of Organic Dye

Environmental and human health are seriously threatened by organic dye pollution. Many efforts have been made to find effective and safe methods of eliminating these contaminants. To mitigate these effects, the hydrothermal method was used to effectively generate a ternary kind of Dy2WO6-ZnO embedded in graphene oxide (DWZG) nanocomposites, which were used to degrade the pollutant. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigation confirms the crystalline character of the as-prepared DWZG nanocomposite. The Dy2WO6-ZnO composition on the graphene oxide (GO) layer is shaped like a combination of algae (Dy2WO6) and clusters (ZnO), as shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) investigation revealed the composition of elements and oxidation state of C, Dy, O, W and Zn elements. Methylene blue (MB) was chosen as the organic dye target for photocatalytic degradation using the produced nanocomposites. MB is degraded with a photocatalytic efficiency of 98.2% in about 30 min using a DWZG catalyst. Based on the result of the research entitled “Reactive Oxidative Species,” the primary reactive species involved in the MB degradation are photo-generated •OH and O2•− radicals. The recycle test was also successful in evaluating the catalysts’ long-term viability as well as their reusability

Studies of Various Batch Adsorption Parameters for the Removal of Trypan Blue Using Ni-Zn-Bi-Layered Triple Hydroxide and Their Isotherm, Kinetics, and Removal Mechanism

The present study addressed the removal of Trypan blue (TB) from water using a novel Ni-Zn-Bi-layered triple hydroxide (NZB LTH or NZB) synthesized through the co-precipitation technique. The physiochemical properties of NZB were analyzed before and after TB adsorption using XRD, BET, FESEM, FTIR-ATR, Raman, and XPS. Studies on adsorption indicate that 80 mg of NZB has a maximum TB removal effectiveness of around 96.7% at natural pH (~4.5–5.0). This study found that NZB has a maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of 5.3 mg·g−1 at dye concentrations ranging from 5 to 30 mg·L−1. When combined with various anionic dye mixtures, NZB’s selectivity studies showed that it is highly selective for the removal of TB and is also effective at removing cationic dyes. When compared to Na2SO4 and NaCl salts, NZB had a lower dye removal percentage for TB removal in the presence of Na2SO3. In an adsorption process, the interaction between the TB and NZB in an aqueous solution is caused by hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions, which are investigated in the adsorption mechanism. In comparison with ethanol and methanol, the recyclability investigation of NZB revealed the notable removal of TB using 0.1 M NaOH for the desorption. Therefore, the present investigation suggests that NZB is an appropriate adsorbent for the removal of TB from an aqueous solution

Recent Progress Using Graphene Oxide and Its Composites for Supercapacitor Applications: A Review

Supercapacitors are prospective energy storage devices for electronic devices due to their high power density, rapid charging and discharging, and extended cycle life. Materials with limited conductivity could have low charge-transfer ions, low rate capability, and low cycle stability, resulting in poor electrochemical performance. Enhancement of the device’s functionality can be achieved by controlling and designing the electrode materials. Graphene oxide (GO) has emerged as a promising material for the fabrication of supercapacitor devices on account of its remarkable physiochemical characteristics. The mechanical strength, surface area, and conductivity of GO are all quite excellent. These characteristics make it a promising material for use as electrodes, as they allow for the rapid storage and release of charges. To enhance the overall electrochemical performance, including conductivity, specific capacitance (Cs), cyclic stability, and capacitance retention, researchers concentrated their efforts on composite materials containing GO. Therefore, this review discusses the structural, morphological, and surface area characteristics of GO in composites with metal oxides, metal sulfides, metal chalcogenides, layered double hydroxides, metal–organic frameworks, and MXene for supercapacitor application. Furthermore, the organic and bacterial functionalization of GO is discussed. The electrochemical properties of GO and its composite structures are discussed according to the performance of three- and two-electrode systems. Finally, this review compares the performance of several composite types of GO to identify which is ideal. The development of these composite devices holds potential for use in energy storage applications. Because GO-modified materials embrace both electric double-layer capacitive and pseudocapacitive mechanisms, they often perform better than pristine by offering increased surface area, conductivity, and high rate capability. Additionally, the density functional theory (DFT) of GO-based electrode materials with geometrical structures and their characteristics for supercapacitors are addressed