Lightning related human casualties in Mongolia

Lightning related casualties collected by the Institute of Meteorology in Mongolia from 2003 to 2015 have been analyzed. Being a country with one of the lowest population density, Mongolia records a relatively high human death rate per unit population per year, 15.4 dptm yr-1, which is much higher than that of many countries with similar isokeraunic level. During this period 57 deaths and 58 injuries have been reported, thus death to injury ratio is nearly 1:1. Around 88% of both deaths and injuries has been reported to be occurred while the victim is in wild area, typically the low-grown slopes in steppe climate. Other 12% of the death and injury cases have been located either in open spaces within the village or inside the fabric enclosed houses known as ger. Nearly 80% of the gender known deaths are of males. Almost 100% of the deaths of which the time of incident is known has happened between noon and midnight. Almost all case of injuries have also been reported during the same period. About 80% of the age-reported deaths were of people below 30 years. Slightly more than 50% of the deaths and 54% of the injuries have been reported from Central province

Concerns of the application of lightning protection risk assesment for small structures

International Standards on lightning protection risk assessment (IEC 62305-2: 2010) are well accepted and applied in many parts of the world. During the last few years a large number of lightning related accidents, especially due to direct strikes, have been reported from Asia and Africa where the lightning struck objects are small structures. Information gathered from several investigations done on these cases have been used to determine the level of protection needed for these structures as per the standard risk assessment. In many cases the outcome was the none-requirement of any LPS for such structures or a risk factor for direct strike probability which is less than the critical value. As there are millions of similar structures in these regions, we propose the development of a separate risk assessment algorithm for such structures, especially in underdeveloped countries

External environment of Mongolia’s security

No abstract available. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v0i10.114 The Mongolian Journal of International Affairs; Number 10, 2003, Pages 3-1

External environment of Mongolia’s security

No abstract available. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v0i10.114 The Mongolian Journal of International Affairs; Number 10, 2003, Pages 3-1

Grammatical and Semantic Features of the “Эс verb + жуу/жүү” Structure in the Myangad dialect

In his previous research, the author concluded that the Modern Mongolian Standard Dialect, or Khalkha-based literary language, has already developed the category of “Unpleasantness.” The tendency to express unpleasant actions is not a new feature in the Mongolian language. Nicolas Poppe correctly noted that the passive structure in the Secret History of the Mongols is used for actions that either indirectly affect the subject or are performed against the subject’s will. In Classical Mongolian Literary Language, there are two different verb derivational suffixes: -D and -Da/De. Both suffixes derive verbs from adjectives, but with a key distinction: verbs formed with -D indicate regular actions, whereas verbs formed with -Da/De convey unpleasant actions. For example, qolad- means simply “to become or to get farther,” while qolada- means “to become too far” or “to become unpleasant due to excessive distance.” The Modern Mongolian Standard Dialect tense system clearly distinguishes between unpleasant actions. The past tense negative -сангүй, present continuous -аад байна, and present continuous negative -хгүй байна all indicate unpleasant actions. In this paper, the author demonstrates that the Modern Mongolian Myangad dialect uses the verb structure “Es Verb stem + juu” to express unpleasant actions. This suggests that the category of “Unpleasantness” might be a universal feature across all Mongolian dialects.   Мянгад аялгууны “Эс үйл + жуу/жүү” бүтцийн хэл зүй, утга зүйн онцлог   Хураангуй: Орчин цагийн утга зохиолын монгол хэл буюу халх суурьтай баримжаа аялгууны цаг заах тогтолцоонд үйлийн зохистой ба зохисгүйг ялган заах хандлага төдий бус, тусгай ай нэгэнт үүсэн бий болжээ. Өнгөрсөн цагийн үгүйсгэх “-сангүй”, үргэлжилж буй одоо цагийн “-аад байна”, үргэлжилж буй одоо цагийн үгүйсгэх “-хгүй байна” хэлбэрүүд бүгд тухайн үйлийн зохисгүйг заах утгаараа нэгдмэл юм. Зохисгүй утга заах тусгай хэлбэр нь монгол хэлнээ цоо шинэ зүйл биш, Монголын нууц товчоон дахь үйлдэгдэх хэвийн хэрэглээ нь үйлийн эзнээс хамааралгүй болсон, хэцүү таагүй үйлд өртсөн утгыг илэрхийлдэг байв. Монгол бичгийн хэлний тэмдэг нэрээс үйл үг бүтээх -д болон -да/дэ дагаврын ялгаа ч мөн зохисгүй хэмээх утга мөн.  Энэхүү өгүүлэлд орчин цагийн мянгад аялгууны “Эс үйл үг + жуу” бүтцийг судалж, зохисгүй утга илтгэх тусгай хэлбэр болохыг нь батлах юм. Тэгэхлээр ерөөс үйлийн зохистой зохисгүйг ялган заах нь монгол хэлний төв аялгуу төдий бус нийт монгол хэл аялгуудын универсал шинжтэй үзэгдэл байж болох юм.    Түлхүүр үг: Мянгад аялгуу, хэл зүйн ай, зохистой зохисгүйн ай, зохисгүй утг

Evaluation of CFD based hemolysis prediction methods

Accurate quantitative evaluation of shear stress-related hemolysis (destruction of red blood cells) could be used to improve blood handling devices, including left ventricular assist devices (LVAD). Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) predicts the fluid dynamics of complex pump geometry and has been used to track the shear stress history of red blood cells as they travel through these devices. Several models that predict the relationship between hemolysis, shear stress and exposure time have been used to evaluate the hemolysis in the pumps. However, the prediction accuracy has not reached the satisfactory level. The goal of my thesis is to investigate the application of CFD in determining hemolysis using different hemolysis prediction methods. • This approach is two-fold. First it is done on a simplified geometry designed to produce known and controllable shear stresses. This device is known as the mag-lev shearing device and was designed using CFD in order to study erythrocyte damage in terms of the effects of shear stress. This mathematical solution for annular shearing device will be used to verify computational data. • Secondly, I applied the same methods to the LEV-VAD pump, currently under development at RIT. The grid independent mesh was obtained for RIT axial pump and was utilized for further studies. In Characteristic curve (Pressure vs. Flow), the experimental pressure rise data was compared with the pressure difference data from CFD simulation of the RIT mini pump. • Hemolysis was estimated for both geometries using four different hemolysis analysis methods, referred to as: Threshold Value, Mass-Weighted Average, Eulerian and Lagrangian approaches. The pump numerical hemolysis predictions are compared with the previous in vitro hemolysis data using bovine blood. The numerical simulation of flow field for mag-lev shearing device was compared with the analytical solution of the fluid dynamics inside the gap regions of the device. In the future, the mag-lev shearing device will be used with animal and human blood to empirically evaluate the hemolysis and this empirical data may be used to validate the numerical methods presented here

Occupational difference in use of heated tobacco products: a cross-sectional analysis of retail workers in Japan

獨協医科大学博士（医学）令和4年度doctoral thesi