Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Tutor Sebaya Pada Mata Pelajaran Sosiologi

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pelaksanaannya model pembelajaran tutor sebaya (peer teaching) di SMAN I Brebes. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah guru sosiologi kelas XI IPS 1 dan siswa kelas XI IPS 1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peer teaching memerlukan persiapan yang matang, dan setiap tahap pelaksanaan hendaknya dievaluasi untuk mendapatkan hasil yang baik. Faktor pendukung dalam pelaksanaan model pembelajaran tutor sebaya antara lain yaitu adanya interaksi antara guru dengan siswa, minat belajar siswa cukup tinggi, guru dan siswa lebih akrab dalam kegiatan pembelajaran, keterlibatan tutor sebaya dalam kelompok belajar membuat suasana pembelajaran lebih menarik, sedangkan faktor penghambatnya antara lain yaitu kurangnya persiapan dari para tutor, sarana dan prasarana kurang memadai, kegiatan pembelajaran kurang kondusif, dan sumber belajar kurang memadai. The objective of this study is to examine the implementation of peer tutoring learning model (peer teaching) in SMAN I Brebes. Subjects in this study were teachers sociology class XI IPS 1 and class XI IPS 1. Results show that the implementation of peer teaching requires preparation, and each stage of the implementation should be evaluated to obtain good results. Factors supporting the implementation of peer tutoring learning model, among others, the interaction between teachers and students, and also student interest is high; teachers and students are more familiar in learning activities, and peer tutor involvement in the study group to make the learning environment more attractive. The inhibiting factor of peer teaching strategy include among others the lack of preparation of the tutors, inadequate infrastructure, lack of conducive learning activities, and learning resources are inadequate

Kemampuan Sosialisasi Anak Retardasi Mental

. Mental retardation is a condition of mental development stalled or incomplete, which is mainly characterized by the presence of obstacles during the development of skills, so the effect on the level of intelligence is the ability of cognitive, language, motor and social. Development of socialization skills mentally retarded child is strongly influenced by social media, especially the role of parents is very influential in the social development of children who have mental retardation. This study aims to determine the relationship with the parent role socialization skills in children with mental retardation SDLB Pekalongan. This study design using correlative descriptif with cross sectional approach. The sampling technique using saturated sample. The number of respondents as many as 49 parents of children with mental retardation in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results using Chi-Square test obtained value of ρ value = 0.0001 (ρ <α or ρ <0.05) and the value of OR = 17.81, indicating the existence of a relationship with the parent role socialization skills in children with mental retardation SDLB Pekalongan , The role of a good parent can increase the ability of socialization of children with mental retardation. Parents as the nearest person in a child\u27s life can help a child with mental retardation in adjusting to the environment

Bioaccumulation of Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) in Padina Australis Hauck at Palang Beach, Tuban, East Java, Indonesia

Waters polluted with Pb and Cd have a negative impact on the environment. Padina australis grows abundantly on the coast of Palang Subdistrict, Tuban, and the local community consumes it. Macroalgae as food must be free of metal contamination. This study aims to determine the impact of Pb and Cd bioaccumulation on P. australis. Sampling was conducted at two stations, including Station I, Panyuran Village, and Station II, Glodog Village. Analysis of Pb and Cd metal levels using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Analysis of protein content using the Kjeldahl method. The data obtained was analyzed with Principle Component Analysis (PCA). The results of the analysis of Pb and Cd levels in P. australis at station II, which are 0.200 ± 0.028 and 0.021 ± 0.004 mg.kg-1 higher than station I, which are 0.194 ± 0.015 and 0.010 ± 0.001 mg.kg-1. The protein content of P. australis at station I was 4.713 ± 0.508 mg.kg-1, and at station II was 5.900 ± 0.928 mg.kg-1. This shows that P. australis is still considered good for consumption even though it has been polluted and contains Pb and Cd metals. P. australis can tolerate and does not experience severe physiological damage so it has the potential as a heavy metal phytoremediator

EARLY STUDY OF BIOCHARCOAL QUALITY FROM POULTRY LIVESTOCK WASTE

Bio charcoal is one type of fuel in the form of charcoal made from various kinds of biological or biomass material, which includes agricultural waste, forestry waste, agro-industrial waste, animal waste from livestock waste. Bio charcoal is produced from the carbonization process or the charcoal process of materials containing carbon (biomass). One of the biomass that has the potential to be used as raw material for bio charcoal is poultry manure originating from poultry livestock waste. The composition of poultry livestock waste (chicken manure) is crude protein by 9.97-12.67% and crude fiber by 30.36-32.65. This study aims to determine the optimal carbonization temperature and particle size in the carbonization process so that optimal Fixed Carbon level can be obtained by using variations in the size of Chicken Manure Particles, namely: 30 mesh, 40 mesh, 50 mesh, and Charcoal temperature: 200, 225, 250, 275 and 300° C. Stages of the process carried out is drying chicken manure to the weight of constant chicken manure (water content &lt; 10%) and then mashed and sieved to sizes of 30, 40, and 50 mesh and the last stage is the charcoal process of chicken manure with variations in temperature of 200, 225, 250, 275, and 300° C until the perfect charcoal process. From this study, the best parameter is obtained at 350° C and 50 mesh particle size with 45% Fixed Carbon content, 3.26% moisture content, 41% ash content, and volatile matter content 22%.</jats:p

Penjernihan Air Limbah Sintetis Menggunakan Koagulan Alami

Air merupakan kebutuhan pokok bagi manusia. Kualitas air saat ini menurun dikarenakan ulah manusia yang membuang limbah ke sungai atau ke sumber air tanpa dilakukan pengolahan terlebih dahulu. Untuk itu diperlukan cara agar dapat mengolah air limbah menjadi air bersih yaitu dengan cara koagulasi. Pada penelitian ini dipergunakan koagulan dari bahan alami dengan menggunakan protein sebagai bahan aktifnya, yang digunakan adalah biji kelor, kacang tolo, dan biji melinjo. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mempelajari pengaruh konsentrasi larutan pengekstrak terhadap kadar protein yang terdapat dalam biji kelor, kacang tolo dan biji melinjo. Selain itu dipelajari juga pengaruh penambahan volume larutan ekstrak dengan kadar protein tertinggi (sebagai koagulan alami) dari biji kelor, kacang tolo dan biji melinjo terhadap presentase penurunan kekeruhan dari air limbah sintetis. Proses penjerihan air menggunakan koagulan alami terdiri dua tahap yaitu: (1) ekstraksi protein dari biji-bijian menggunakan pengekstrak NaCl dengan konsentrasi: 0,2 N; 0,3 N; 0,4 N; 0,5 N; 0,6 N; 0,8 N dan 1 N. (2) ekstrak protein dengan kadar protein tertinggi ditambahkan ke dalam air limbah sintetis kemudian diukur kekeruhannya. Hasil pengukuran kekeruhan ini kemudian dihitung presentase penurunannya terhadap kekeruhan air limbah sintetis mula-mula sebelum ditambahkan koagulan alami. Pengukuran kekeruhan menggunakan alat Turbidimeter. Sedangkan kadar protein diukur menggunakan alat Kjeldahl. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa kadar protein tertinggi dari setiap biji-bijian diperoleh dengan menggunakan larutan pengekstrak NaCl pada konsentrasi yang berbeda-beda. Pada biji kelor diperoleh kadar protein tertinggi sebesar 2,51% dengan menggunakan larutan pengekstrak NaCl berkonsentrasi NaCl 0,4 N. Sedangkan untuk kacang tolo dan biji melinjo kadar protein tertinggi berturut-turut sebesar 1,37% dan 0,55%, dengan menggunakan larutan pengekstrak NaCl yang berkonsentrasi berturut-turut sebesar 0,4 N dan 0,2 N. Penurunan kekeruhan air limbah sintetis dengan penambahan ekstrak protein sebanyak 0,5 mL dari biji kelor, yaitu 92,63% diikuti dengan kacang tolo, yaitu 91,02% dan biji melinjo, yaitu 90,85%

Vitamin D Upregulates Endothelin-1, ETBR, eNOS mRNA Expression and Attenuates Vascular Remodelling and Ischemia in Kidney Fibrosis Model in Mice Vitamin D Upregulates Endothelin-1, ETBR, eNOS mRNA Expression and Attenuates Vascular Remodelling and Ischemia in Kidney Fibrosis Model in Mice

We examined the upregulation of ET-1/ETBR/eNOS signaling in renoprotective effect of vitamin D in kidney fibrosis model in mice using unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). One group was treated with intraperitoneal injection of 0.125 mg/kg of Calcitriol (UUO+VD). Vascular remodeling was quantified based on lumen area and lumen/wall area ratio (LWAR) of intrarenal arteries using Sirius Red staining. ET-1, ETBR, eNOS, CD31 and VEGF mRNA expressions were quantified using qRT-PCR. Focusing on endothelin-1 (ET-1) signaling in endothelial cells (EC), siRNA of ET-1 was performed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) for reducing ET-1 expression. Then HUVECs were treated with and without 100 nM Calcitriol treatment in hypoxic and normoxic conditions to elucidate ET-1/eNOS signaling. Our in vivo study revealed vascular remodeling and renal ischemia attenuation after Calcitriol treatment. Vascular remodeling was attenuated in the UUO+VD group as shown by increasing lumen areas and LWAR in intrarenal arteries. These findings were associated with significant higher CD31 and VEGF mRNA expression compared to the UUO group. Vitamin D treatment also increased ET-1, ETBR and eNOS mRNA expressions. Our in vitro study demonstrated Calcitriol induced ET-1 and eNOS mRNA expressions upregulation in HUVEC under normoxic and hypoxic condition. Meanwhile, siRNA for ET-1 inhibited the upregulation of eNOS mRNA expression after Calcitriol treatment. Vitamin D ameliorates kidney fibrosis through attenuating vascular remodeling and ischemia with upregulating ET-1/ETBR and eNOS expression.</jats:p

Chlorogenic Acid Attenuates Kidney Ischemic/Reperfusion Injury via Reducing Inflammation, Tubular Injury, and Myofibroblast Formation

Kidney ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury is the main cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) involving renal function deterioration, renal architecture damage, and inflammation. This condition may lead to kidney fibrosis with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and myofibroblast formation. Inhibition of chronic effects of kidney I/R injury may provide effective strategies for treating AKI and chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is recognized as a powerful antioxidant, with anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic properties in many conditions. However, the effect of CGA on kidney I/R injury has not been elucidated yet. Kidney I/R injury was performed on male Swiss background mice (I/R group, n = 5, 3-4 months, 30–40 g) which underwent bilateral renal pedicles clamping for 30 minutes and then were euthanized on day three after operation. Three groups of I/R were treated with 3 different doses of CGA intraperitoneally for 2 days: 3.5 (I/R + CGA1 group), 7 (I/R + CGA2 group), and 14 (I/R + CGA3 group) mg/kg of body weight. Tubular injury was quantified based on Periodic Acid-Schiff staining, while reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) was performed to quantify mRNA expression of TGF-β1, vimentin, SOD-1, TLR-4, TNF-α, NF-κB and MCP-1. Immunohistochemical staining was done to quantify proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), myofibroblast (α-SMA), SOD-1 and macrophage (CD68) number. Kidney I/R demonstrated tubular injury and increased inflammatory mediator expression, macrophage number, and myofibroblast expansion. Meanwhile, histological analysis showed lower tubular injury with higher epithelial cell proliferation in CGA-treated groups compared to the I/R group. RT-PCR also revealed significantly lower TGF-β1 and vimentin mRNA expressions with higher SOD-1 mRNA expression. CGA-treated groups also demonstrated a significantly lower macrophage and myofibroblast number compared to the I/R group. These findings associated with lower mRNA expression of TLR-4, TNF-α, NF-κB, and MCP-1 as inflammatory mediators in CGA groups. I/R + CGA3 represented the highest amelioration effect among other CGA-treated groups. CGA treatment attenuates kidney I/R injury through reducing inflammation, decreasing myofibroblast expansion, and inducing epithelial cells proliferation.</jats:p

Risk Factors for Neutropenia after the First Cycle of Chemotherapy for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Background and Objective: Neutropenia that occurs after the first cycle of chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL) may predict its recurrence in the subsequent cycles. Moreover, it has also been reported to be a poor prognostic factor for the treatment outcome. Therefore, we aimed to observe the incidence of first cycle neutropenia and identify the potential risk factors for its occurrence among patients with NHL underwent chemotherapy. Methods: A retrospective cohort was conducted in Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia to analyze 466 subjects during 2012-2018, confirmed NHL, age 17 or older, treatment-naïve, underwent first-line chemotherapy without any previous primary GCSF prophylaxis. Relevant clinical conditions, pre-treatment laboratory parameters and treatment factors were obtained from medical records. Univariate and multivariate analysis were done using logistic regression to determine the significant factors. Results: Among 466 NHL subjects, 241 (51.7%) received rituximab-containing regiment, with DLBCL as predominant subtype in 196 subjects (41.8%). Neutropenia occurred in 119 (25.5%; 95% CI 21.7-29.6%) of the cases, with 87 (73.2%) of them had moderate-severe neutropenia. Age older than 50 years old, use of rituximab-containing regiment, ANC ≤ 4.83×103 cells/mm3, and WBC ≤ 7.26×103 cells/mm3 were significant predisposing factors for first cycle neutropenia. A multivariate analysis showed two significant prognostic factors i.e., rituximab-containing regiment and ANC level ≤ 4.83×103 cells/mm3 with OR 2.18 (95% CI 1.38–3.43) and 2.30 (95%CI 1.49–3.57), respectively. Conclusion: The administration of rituximab-based regimen and pre-treatment ANC ≤ 4.83×103 cells/mm3 in NHL require more attention to anticipate the occurrence of neutropenia after the first chemotherapy cycle. Further investigation is required to validate risk model and identify subgroup who benefits from early use of growth factor.</jats:p