Impact of Tandem Repeats on the Scaling of Nucleotide Sequences

Techniques such as detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) and its extensions have been widely used to determine the nature of scaling in nucleotide sequences. In this brief communication we show that tandem repeats which are ubiquitous in nucleotide sequences can prevent reliable estimation of possible long-range correlations. Therefore, it is important to investigate the presence of tandem repeats prior to scaling exponent estimation.Comment: 14 Pages, 3 Figure

Climate change: causes, effects and the ways out

Climate is a significant and lasting change in the statistical distribution of weather pattern over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It can be a change in average condition. Based on the broadest scale, the rate at which energy is received from the sun and the rate at which it is lost will determine the equilibrium temperature and climate of earth distributed around the globe by winds ocean currents and other mechanisms to affect the climate of different regions. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3603

dRail: a novel physical layout methodology for power gated circuits

In this paper we present a physical layout methodology, called dRail, to allow power gated and non-power gated cells to be placed next to each other. This is unlike traditional voltage area layout which separates cells to prevent shorting of power supplies leading to impact on area, routing and power. To implement dRail, a modified standard cell architecture and physical layout is proposed. The methodology is validated by implementing power gating on the data engine in an ARM Cortex-A5 processor using a 65nm library, and shows up to 38% reduction in area cost when compared to traditional voltage area layou

The nonperturbative propagator and vertex in massless quenched QED_d

It is well known how multiplicative renormalizability of the fermion propagator, through its Schwinger-Dyson equation, imposes restrictions on the 3-point fermion-boson vertex in massless quenched quantum electrodynamics in 4-dimensions (QED$_4$). Moreover, perturbation theory serves as an excellent guide for possible nonperturbative constructions of Green functions. We extend these ideas to arbitrary dimensions $d$. The constraint of multiplicative renormalizability of the fermion propagator is generalized to a Landau-Khalatnikov-Fradkin transformation law in $d$-dimensions and it naturally leads to a constraint on the fermion-boson vertex. We verify that this constraint is satisfied in perturbation theory at the one loop level in 3-dimensions. Based upon one loop perturbative calculation of the vertex, we find additional restrictions on its possible nonperturbative forms in arbitrary dimensions.Comment: 13 pages, no figures, latex (uses IOP style files

Three point SUSY Ward identities without Ghosts

We utilise a non-local gauge transform which renders the entire action of SUSY QED invariant and respects the SUSY algebra modulo the gauge-fixing condition, to derive two- and three-point ghost-free SUSY Ward identities in SUSY QED. We use the cluster decomposition principle to find the Green's function Ward identities and then takes linear combinations of the latter to derive identities for the proper functions.Comment: 20 pages, no figures, typos correcte

Longitudinal and transverse fermion-boson vertex in QED at finite temperature in the HTL approximation

We evaluate the fermion-photon vertex in QED at the one loop level in Hard Thermal Loop approximation and write it in covariant form. The complete vertex can be expanded in terms of 32 basis vectors. As is well known, the fermion-photon vertex and the fermion propagator are related through a Ward-Takahashi Identity (WTI). This relation splits the vertex into two parts: longitudinal (Gamma_L) and transverse (Gamma_T). Gamma_L is fixed by the WTI. The description of the longitudinal part consumes 8 of the basis vectors. The remaining piece Gamma_T is then written in terms of 24 spin amplitudes. Extending the work of Ball and Chiu and Kizilersu et. al., we propose a set of basis vectors T^mu_i(P_1,P_2) at finite temperature such that each of these is transverse to the photon four-momentum and also satisfies T^mu_i(P,P)=0, in accordance with the Ward Identity, with their corresponding coefficients being free of kinematic singularities. This basis reduces to the form proposed by Kizilersu et. al. at zero temperature. We also evaluate explicitly the coefficient of each of these vectors at the above-mentioned level of approximation.Comment: 13 pages, uses RevTe

The non-perturbative three-point vertex in massless quenched QED and perturbation theory constraints

Dong, Munczek and Roberts have shown how the full 3-point vertex that appears in the Schwinger-Dyson equation for the fermion propagator can be expressed in terms of a constrained function $W_1$ in massless quenched QED. However, this analysis involved two key assumptions: that the fermion anomalous dimension vanishes in the Landau gauge and that the transverse vertex has a simplified dependence on momenta. Here we remove these assumptions and find the general form for a new constrained function $U_1$ that ensures the multiplicative renormalizability of the fermion propagator non-perturbatively. We then study the restriction imposed on $U_1$ by recent perturbative calculations of the vertex and compute its leading logarithmic expansion. Since $U_1$ should reduce to this expansion in the weak coupling regime, this should serve as a guide to its non-perturbative construction. We comment on the perturbative realization of the constraints on $U_1$.Comment: 18 pages, Latex, 2 figure

Why do families of sick newborns accept hospital care? a community-based cohort study in Karachi, Pakistan

Objective: Sick young infants are at high risk of mortality in developing countries, but families often decline hospital referral. Our objective was to identify the predictors of acceptance of referral for hospital care among families of severely ill newborns and infants Karachi, Pakistan. Study Design: A cohort of 541 newborns and infants referred from home by community health workers conducting household surveillance, and diagnosed with a serious illness at local community clinics between 1 January and 31 December 2007, was followed-up within 1 month of referral to the public hospital. Result: Only 24% of families accepted hospital referral. Major reasons for refusal were financial difficulties (67%) and father/elder denying permission (65%). Religious/cultural beliefs were cited by 20% of families. Referral acceptance was higher with recognition of severity of the illness by mother (odds ratio = 12.7, 95% confidence interval = 4.6 to 35.2), family\u27s ability to speak the dominant language at hospital (odds ratio = 2.0, 95% confidence interval = 1.3-3.1), presence of grunting in the infant (odds ratio = 3.3, 95% confidence interval = 1.2-9.0) and infant temperature Conclusion: Refusal of hospital referral for sick young infants is very common. Interventions that encourage appropriate care seeking, as well as community-based management of young infant illnesses when referral is not feasible are needed to improve neonatal survival in low-income countries

A cost-effective chemical approach to retaining and regenerating the strength of thermally recycled glass fibre

The purpose of this research study was to investigate the efficacy of alkaline treatments on restoring mechanical strength of thermally damaged glass fibres for potential reuse as reinforcement material. Here, E-glass fibres were heat treated in a furnace at 450 °C for 25 minutes in order to simulate the harsh thermal conditions required for the recycling of glass fibre thermosetting composites. Following heat conditioning, fibres were treated with three different alkaline solutions: sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH) and lithium hydroxide (LiOH). Results showed little effect of LiOH solution, however both NaOH and KOH were proved to be successful in regenerating strength of fibres heat treated at 450 °C. It is believed these alkaline treatments might improve fibre strength by etching away surface defects. Factors such as concentration of alkali and treatment time were investigated in order to find optimum conditions for strength regeneration