Autoimmune gastrointestinal complications in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: case series and literature review

The association of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with gastrointestinal autoimmune diseases is rare, but has been described in the literature, mostly as case reports. However, some of these diseases may be very severe, thus a correct and early diagnosis with appropriate management are fundamental. We have analysed our data from the SLE patient cohort at University College Hospital London, established in 1978, identifying those patients with an associated autoimmune gastrointestinal disease. We have also undertaken a review of the literature describing the major autoimmune gastrointestinal pathologies which may be coincident with SLE, focusing on the incidence, clinical and laboratory (particularly antibody) findings, common aetiopathogenesis and complications

High-fidelity and Fault-tolerant Teleportation of a Logical Qubit using Transversal Gates and Lattice Surgery on a Trapped-ion Quantum Computer

Quantum state teleportation is commonly used in designs for large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computers. Using Quantinuum's H2 trapped-ion quantum processor, we implement the first demonstration of a fault-tolerant state teleportation circuit for a quantum error correction code - in particular, the planar topological [[7,1,3]] color code, or Steane code. The circuits use up to 30 trapped ions at the physical layer qubits and employ real-time quantum error correction - decoding mid-circuit measurement of syndromes and implementing corrections during the protocol. We conduct experiments on several variations of logical teleportation circuits using both transversal gates and lattice surgery protocols. Among the many measurements we report on, we measure the logical process fidelity of the transversal teleportation circuit to be 0.975(2) and the logical process fidelity of the lattice surgery teleportation circuit to be 0.851(9). Additionally, we run a teleportation circuit that is equivalent to Knill-style quantum error correction and measure the process fidelity to be 0.989(2)

Type II and VI collagen in nasal and articular cartilage and the effect of IL-1α on the distribution of these collagens

The distribution of type II and VI collagen was immunocytochemically investigated in bovine articular and nasal cartilage. Cartilage explants were used either fresh or cultured for up to 4 weeks with or without interleukin 1α (IL-1α). Sections of the explants were incubated with antibodies for both types of collagen. Microscopic analyses revealed that type II collagen was preferentially localized in the interchondron matrix whereas type VI collagen was primarily found in the direct vicinity of the chondrocytes. Treatment of the sections with hyaluronidase greatly enhanced the signal for both types of collagen. Also in sections of explants cultured with IL-1α a higher level of labeling of the collagens was found. This was apparent without any pre-treatment with hyaluronidase. Under the influence of IL-1α the area positive for type VI collagen that surrounded the chondrocytes broadened. Although the two collagens in both types of cartilage were distributed similarly, a remarkable difference was the higher degree of staining of type VI collagen in articular cartilage. Concomitantly we noted that digestion of this type of cartilage hardly occurred in the presence of IL-1α whereas nasal cartilage was almost completely degraded within 18 days of culture. Since type VI collagen is known to be relatively resistant to proteolysis we speculate that the higher level of type VI collagen in articular cartilage is important in protecting cartilage from digestion

The computational power of random quantum circuits in arbitrary geometries

Empirical evidence for a gap between the computational powers of classical and quantum computers has been provided by experiments that sample the output distributions of two-dimensional quantum circuits. Many attempts to close this gap have utilized classical simulations based on tensor network techniques, and their limitations shed light on the improvements to quantum hardware required to frustrate classical simulability. In particular, quantum computers having in excess of $\sim 50$ qubits are primarily vulnerable to classical simulation due to restrictions on their gate fidelity and their connectivity, the latter determining how many gates are required (and therefore how much infidelity is suffered) in generating highly-entangled states. Here, we describe recent hardware upgrades to Quantinuum's H2 quantum computer enabling it to operate on up to $56$ qubits with arbitrary connectivity and $99.843(5)\%$ two-qubit gate fidelity. Utilizing the flexible connectivity of H2, we present data from random circuit sampling in highly connected geometries, doing so at unprecedented fidelities and a scale that appears to be beyond the capabilities of state-of-the-art classical algorithms. The considerable difficulty of classically simulating H2 is likely limited only by qubit number, demonstrating the promise and scalability of the QCCD architecture as continued progress is made towards building larger machines.Comment: Includes minor updates to the text and an updated author list to include researchers who made technical contributions in upgrading the machine to 56 qubits but were left off the original version by mistak

Physical and Mental Outcomes for JVQ Subclasses

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Exploration Criteria for Au and Ag-Ore Deposits in the Pony Express Member of the Jurassic Wanakah Formation, Northeastern San Miguel County, Colorado

Over the last one hundred twenty-five years, massive amounts of gold and silver have been mined from igneous rocks near the town of Telluride, located in San Miguel County, Colorado. Interestingly, not all gold and silver ore occurs in the igneous bodies. A small mining operation located near the town of Sawpit, the Lizzie-G and Jo Dandy claim, has recovered high-grade ore from a limestone replacement body occurring in the Pony Express Member of the Wanakah Formation (Upper Callovian Jurassic). To date, regional stratigraphic and structural studies have not been applied to locate similar sedimentary ore deposits. This study develops area-specific criteria that will assist in locating prospect areas that are similar to the Lizzie-G and Jo Dandy. Geologic methods applied in this study include field and petrographic descriptions of Wanakah Formation strata and analysis of structural elements using filed description, joint and fracture measurements, and aerial photography. Faults and factures were subsequently analyzed following preparation of two lineament maps and numerous stereonets. Most importantly, stratigraphic and structural relationships were investigated in the area of the Lizzie-G and Jo Dandy mines, and two cross sections constructed. Studies indicate that a number of criteria are important in identifying prospect areas. Stratigraphic criteria include the thickness of the Pony Express Limestone, the proximity of igneous rocks to the limestone deposits; and the degree of chemical alteration in igneous rocks. Density of structural features is greatest at the Lizzie-G and Jo dandy mine site and suggest the necessity for a “Conduit” to assist migration of mineralized fluids. Because of mineral deposits mapped near sawpit, faults and fractures trending generally east-west appear to be key for location of ore deposits. Four target prospect areas have been identified along or near the trace of a large normal fault trending approximately N 80 W. This fault is the center of mineralization in the Lizzie-G workings