Dynamics of change of lipid and monoamine metabolisms and the blood coagulation system during experimental atherosclerosis caused by restriction of movement

Shifts in lipid, catecholamine, and blood coagulation systems following various periods (1, 2, 3, and 4 months) of experimentally induced atherosclerosis were studied. The same indices were studied in the tissues of the myocardium, liver, and brain stem-reticular formation after decapitation of the animals at the end of the experiment. Periodic motion restriction caused an increase in blood beta-lipoproteins in the rabbits at the beginning of the experiment. An increase in general cholesterol content and a decrease in the lecithincholesterol index were established at the end of the experiment. Myocardial beta-lipoprotein and brain stem reticular formation general cholesterol contents were elevated; catecholamine content was increased at the end of the experiment. In the initial months, free adrenaline basically increased, while in later months blood adrenaline decreased and blood noradrenaline increased

The world's largest oil and gas hydrocarbon deposits: ROSA database and GIS project development

This article proposes the use of Big Data principles to support the future extraction of hydrocarbon resources. It starts out by assessing the possible energy-system transformations in order to shed some light on the future need for hydrocarbon resource extraction and corresponding drilling needs. The core contribution of this work is the development of a new database and the corresponding GIS (geographic information system) visualization project as basis for an analytical study of worldwide hydrocarbon occurrences and development of extraction methods. The historical period for the analytical study is from 1900 to 2000. A number of tasks had to be implemented to develop the database and include information about data collection, processing, and development of geospatial data on hydrocarbon deposits. Collecting relevant information made it possible to compile a list of hydrocarbon fields, which have served as the basis for the attribute database tables and its further filling. To develop an attribute table, the authors took into account that all accumulated data features on hydrocarbon deposits and divided them into two types: static and dynamic. Static data included the deposit parameters that do not change over time. On the other hand, dynamic data are constantly changing. Creation of a web service with advanced functionality based on the Esri Geoportal Server software platform included search by parameter presets, viewing and filtering of selected data layers using online mapping application, sorting of metadata, corresponding bibliographic information for each field and keywords accordingly. The collected and processed information by ROSA database and GIS visualization project includes more than 100 hydrocarbon fields across different countries

Геофизические процессы в Арктике и системный анализ их воздействия на функционирование и развитие транспортной инфраструктуры

The scientific research that has become the subject of consideration in this article is related to assessment of the influence of geophysical factors on sustainable functioning of transport systems and the system analysis of their impact on the transport infrastructure at the Arctic latitudes. The research is a new direction in the field of study of operational reliability of transport systems and scientific support for development of transport infrastructure in the Russian Arctic.The paper touches upon the issues of reliability and possible failures of technical equipment under the influence of space weather, and also discusses multifaceted problems of safety and efficiency of development of transport systems considering new data on the structure and properties of the lithosphere referring to thawing of permafrost and mineral deposits. A separate section is devoted to new information on seismic activity and seismic hazard assessment in areas of operation and promising development of the transport infrastructure of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF).Intellectual accounting and generalisation of the obtained interdisciplinary results together with their visualisation are provided by geoinformatics methods. The paper presents also the results of adoption of modern geodatabase management systems, of the application of modern technologies of geoportals and interactive spherical visualisations for qualitative presentation of new geophysical knowledge obtained in the course of research.Научные исследования, ставшие предметом рассмотрения в этой статье, связаны с оценкой влияния геофизических факторов на устойчивое функционирование транспортных систем и системным анализом их воздействия на транспортную инфраструктуру в арктических широтах. Они являются новым направлением в области изучения эксплуатационной надёжности транспортных систем и научного сопровождения развития транспортной инфраструктуры в российской Арктике.В работе затронуты вопросы надёжности и возможных отказов технических средств под влиянием космической погоды. Также обсуждаются комплексные проблемы безопасности и эффективности развития транспортных систем с учётом новых данных о строении и свойствах литосферы, связанных с растеплением многолетнемёрзлых пород и месторождений полезных ископаемых. Отдельный раздел посвящён новым сведениям о сейсмической активности и оценке сейсмической опасности в районах эксплуатации и перспективного развития транспортной инфраструктуры Арктической зоны Российской Федерации (АЗРФ).Интеллектуальный учёт, обобщение получаемых междисциплинарных результатов и их визуализация обеспечиваются методами геоинформатики. В работе также представлены результаты внедрения современных систем управления базами геоданных, применения современных технологий геопорталов и интерактивных сферических визуализаций для качественного представления новых геофизических знаний, полученных в ходе исследований

georgia higher education system dynamics and institutional diversity

The evolution of Georgian higher education system in recent decades almost perfectly mirrors the political and socio-economic developments in the country. Having emerged from the uniform Soviet system, it has been undergoing radical changes and has transformed into a diverse institutional setup, which, for all its similarities with various higher education systems existing in other countries, cannot be categorised as a typical representative of one

Geodynamics, seismicity, and seismic hazards of the Caucasus

Being a part of ongoing continental collision between the Arabian and Eurasian plates, the Caucasus region is a remarkable site of moderate to strong seismicity, where devastating earthquakes caused significant losses of lives and livelihood. In this article, we survey geology and geodynamics of the Caucasus and its surroundings; magmatism and heat flow; active tectonics and tectonic stresses caused by the collision and shortening; gravity and density models; and overview recent geodetic studies related to regional movements. The tectonic development of the Caucasus region in the Mesozoic-Cenozoic times as well as the underlying dynamics controlling its development are complicated processes. It is clear that the collision is responsible for a topographic uplift / inversion and for the formation of the fold-and-thrust belts of the Greater and Lesser Caucasus. Tectonic deformations in the region is influenced by the wedge-shaped rigid Arabian block indenting into the relatively mobile region and producing near N-S compressional stress and seismicity in the Caucasus. Regional seismicity is analysed with an attention to sub-crustal seismicity under the northern foothills of the Greater Caucasus, which origin is unclear – whether the seismicity associated with a descending oceanic crust or thinned continental crust. Recent seismic tomography studies are in favour of the detachment of a lithospheric root beneath the Lesser and Greater Caucasus. The knowledge of geodynamics, seismicity, and stress regime in the Caucasus region assists in an assessment of seismic hazard and risk. We look finally at existing gaps in the current knowledge and identify the problems, which may improve our understanding of the regional evolution, active tectonics, geodynamics, shallow and deeper seismicity, and surface manifestations of the lithosphere dynamics. Among the gaps are those related to uncertainties in regional geodynamic and tectonic evolution (e.g., continental collision and associated shortening and exhumation, lithosphere structure, deformation and strain-stress partitioning) and to the lack of comprehensive datasets (e.g., regional seismic catalogues, seismic, gravity and geodetic surveys)