Standardisation of magnetic nanoparticles in liquid suspension

Suspensions of magnetic nanoparticles offer diverse opportunities for technology innovation, spanning a large number of industry sectors from imaging and actuation based applications in biomedicine and biotechnology, through large-scale environmental remediation uses such as water purification, to engineering-based applications such as position-controlled lubricants and soaps. Continuous advances in their manufacture have produced an ever-growing range of products, each with their own unique properties. At the same time, the characterisation of magnetic nanoparticles is often complex, and expert knowledge is needed to correctly interpret the measurement data. In many cases, the stringent requirements of the end-user technologies dictate that magnetic nanoparticle products should be clearly defined, well characterised, consistent and safe; or to put it another way—standardised. The aims of this document are to outline the concepts and terminology necessary for discussion of magnetic nanoparticles, to examine the current state-of-the-art in characterisation methods necessary for the most prominent applications of magnetic nanoparticle suspensions, to suggest a possible structure for the future development of standardisation within the field, and to identify areas and topics which deserve to be the focus of future work items. We discuss potential roadmaps for the future standardisation of this developing industry, and the likely challenges to be encountered along the way

Transport Coefficients of Gluon Plasma

Transport coefficients of gluon plasma are calculated for a SU(3) pure gauge model by lattice QCD simulations on $16^3 \times 8$ and $24^3 \times 8$ lattices. Simulations are carried out at a slightly above the deconfinement transition temperature $T_c$, where a new state of matter is currently being pursued in RHIC experiments. Our results show that the ratio of the shear viscosity to the entropy is less than one and the bulk viscosity is consistent with zero in the region, $1.4 \leq T/T_c \leq 1.8$.Comment: 10 pages, Late

Equivalence of Several Chern-Simons Matter Models

Not only does Chern-Simons (CS) coupling characterize statistics, but also spin and scaling dimension of matter fields. We demonstrate spin transmutation in relativistic CS matter theory, and moreover show equivalence of several models. We study CS vector model in some details, which provide consistent check to the assertion of the equivalence.Comment: latex, 7page, IFT-478-UNC/NUP-A-93-15 A version within the length limit for Phys. Rev. Letts (in press

Note on Gauge Theory on Fuzzy Supersphere

We construct a supermatrix model whose classical background gives two-dimensional noncommutative supersphere. Quantum fluctuations around it give the supersymmetric gauge theories on the fuzzy supersphere constructed by Klimcik. This model has a parameter $\beta$ which can tune masses of the particles in the model and interpolate various supersymmetric gauge theories on sphere.Comment: 13 pages, LaTe

Smooth Paths on Three Dimensional Lattice

A particular class of random walks with a spin factor on a three dimensional cubic lattice is studied. This three dimensional random walk model is a simple generalization of random walk for the two dimensional Ising model. All critical diffusion constants and associated critical exponents are calculated. Continuum field theories such as Klein-Gordon, Dirac and massive Chern-Simons theories are constructed near several critical points.Comment: 7 pages,NUP-A-94-

Laughlin Wave Function and One-Dimensional Free Fermions

Making use of the well-known phase space reduction in the lowest Landau level(LLL), we show that the Laughlin wave function for the $\nu = {1\over m}$ case can be obtained exactly as a coherent state representation of an one dimensional $(1D)$ wave function. The $1D$ system consists of $m$ copies of free fermions associated with each of the $N$ electrons, confined in a common harmonic well potential. Interestingly, the condition for this exact correspondence is found to incorporate Jain's parton picture. We argue that, this correspondence between the free fermions and quantum Hall effect is due to the mapping of the $1D$ system under consideration, to the Gaussian unitary ensemble in the random matrix theory.Comment: 7 pages, Latex , no figure

Re-parameterization Invariance in Fractional Flux Periodicity

We analyze a common feature of a nontrivial fractional flux periodicity in two-dimensional systems. We demonstrate that an addition of fractional flux can be absorbed into re-parameterization of quantum numbers. For an exact fractional periodicity, all the electronic states undergo the re-parameterization, whereas for an approximate periodicity valid in a large system, only the states near the Fermi level are involved in the re-parameterization.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, minor changes, final version to appear in J. Phys. Soc. Jp

Phase transition between the quantum spin Hall and insulator phases in 3D: emergence of a topological gapless phase

Phase transitions between the quantum spin Hall and the insulator phases in three dimensions are studied. We find that in inversion-asymmetric systems there appears a gapless phase between the quantum spin Hall and insulator phases in three dimensions, which is in contrast with the two-dimensional case. Existence of this gapless phase stems from a topological nature of gapless points (diabolical points) in three dimensions, but not in two dimensions.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figure

Quantum fluctuations of the Chern-Simons theory and dynamical dimensional reduction

We consider a large-N Chern-Simons theory for the attractive bosonic matter (Jackiw-Pi model) in the Hamiltonian collective-field approach based on the 1/N expansion. We show that the dynamics of low-lying density excitations around the ground-state vortex configuration is equivalent to that of the Sutherland model. The relationship between the Chern-Simons coupling constant lambda and the Calogero-Sutherland statistical parameter lambda_s signalizes some sort of statistical transmutation accompanying the dimensional reduction of the initial problem.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure

A Calculation of Baryon Diffusion Constant in Hot and Dense Hadronic Matter Based on an Event Generator URASiMA

We evaluate thermodynamical quantities and transport coefficients of a dense and hot hadronic matter based on an event generator URASiMA (Ultra-Relativistic AA collision Simulator based on Multiple Scattering Algorithm). The statistical ensembles in equilibrium with fixed temperature and chemical potential are generated by imposing periodic boundary condition to the simulation of URASiMA, where energy density and baryon number density is conserved. Achievement of the thermal equilibrium and the chemical equilibrium are confirmed by the common value of slope parameter in the energy distributions and the saturation of the numbers of contained particles, respectively. By using the generated ensembles, we investigate the temperature dependence and the chemical potential dependence of the baryon diffusion constant of a dense and hot hadronic matter.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures, LaTeX2