The canonical controller and its regularity

This paper deals with properties of canonical controllers. We first specify the behavior that they implement. It follows that a canonical controller implements the desired controlled behavior if and only if the desired behavior is implementable. We subsequently investigate the regularity of the controlled behavior. We prove that a canonical controller is regular if and only if every controller is regular. In other words, canonical controllers are maximally irregular

Characterizing the local vectorial electric field near an atom chip using Rydberg state spectroscopy

We use the sensitive response to electric fields of Rydberg atoms to characterize all three vector components of the local electric field close to an atom-chip surface. We measured Stark-Zeeman maps of $S$ and $D$ Rydberg states using an elongated cloud of ultracold Rubidium atoms ($T\sim2.5$ $\mu$K) trapped magnetically $100$ $\mu$m from the chip surface. The spectroscopy of $S$ states yields a calibration for the generated local electric field at the position of the atoms. The values for different components of the field are extracted from the more complex response of $D$ states to the combined electric and magnetic fields. From the analysis we find residual fields in the two uncompensated directions of $0.0\pm0.2$ V/cm and $1.98\pm0.09$ V/cm respectively. This method also allows us to extract a value for the relevant field gradient along the long axis of the cloud. The manipulation of electric fields and the magnetic trapping are both done using on-chip wires, making this setup a promising candidate to observe Rydberg-mediated interactions on a chip.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure

IFN-γ-producing CD4+ T cells promote experimental cerebral malaria by modulating CD8+ T cell accumulation within the brain.

It is well established that IFN-γ is required for the development of experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection of C57BL/6 mice. However, the temporal and tissue-specific cellular sources of IFN-γ during P. berghei ANKA infection have not been investigated, and it is not known whether IFN-γ production by a single cell type in isolation can induce cerebral pathology. In this study, using IFN-γ reporter mice, we show that NK cells dominate the IFN-γ response during the early stages of infection in the brain, but not in the spleen, before being replaced by CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Importantly, we demonstrate that IFN-γ-producing CD4(+) T cells, but not innate or CD8(+) T cells, can promote the development of ECM in normally resistant IFN-γ(-/-) mice infected with P. berghei ANKA. Adoptively transferred wild-type CD4(+) T cells accumulate within the spleen, lung, and brain of IFN-γ(-/-) mice and induce ECM through active IFN-γ secretion, which increases the accumulation of endogenous IFN-γ(-/-) CD8(+) T cells within the brain. Depletion of endogenous IFN-γ(-/-) CD8(+) T cells abrogates the ability of wild-type CD4(+) T cells to promote ECM. Finally, we show that IFN-γ production, specifically by CD4(+) T cells, is sufficient to induce expression of CXCL9 and CXCL10 within the brain, providing a mechanistic basis for the enhanced CD8(+) T cell accumulation. To our knowledge, these observations demonstrate, for the first time, the importance of and pathways by which IFN-γ-producing CD4(+) T cells promote the development of ECM during P. berghei ANKA infection

Analisa Asam Lemak dalam Minyak Kelapa Murni (Vco) dengan Dua Peralatan Kromatografi Gas

ANALISA ASAM LEMAK DALAM MINYAK KELAPA MURNI (VCO) DENGAN DUA PERALATAN KROMATOGRAFI GAS Julius Pontoh1) dan Nancy T.N. Buyung2); e-mail:[email protected] 1)Program Studi Kimia FMIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado 95115 2)Alumni Program Studi Kimia FMIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado 95119 ABSTRAK Komposisi asam asam lemak dalam minyak kelapa sangat penting untuk menilai kualitas dari minyak tersebut. Untuk minyak kelapa, komposisi dari asam lemak rantai menengah seperti kaprilik, kaprat dan laurat menjadi asam asam lemak penting. Di Indonesia ada dua laboratorium yang banyak digunakan untuk menganalisa asam asam lemak dalam minyak kelapa murni. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan kedua laboratorium tersebut dalam menganalisa asam asam lemak. Kromatogram dari Laboratorium pertama menunjukan garis dasar yang ebih baik, tetapi tidak dapat mendeteksi asam stearat. Waktu retensi asam asam lemak dalam kedua komatogram sangat berbeda. Demikian juga dengan luas puncak dari asam asam lemak berbeda dalam kedua kromatogram. Namun demikian, persentasi luas pencak dari masing masing asam lemak dalam kedua kromatogram hampir sama. Kata kunci: kromatogarafi gas, waktu retensi FATTY ACID ANALYSIS IN VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) WITH TWO TYPES GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY ABSTRACT Fatty acid composition in coconut oil is very important to evaluate the quality of the oil. For coconut oil, the composition of medium length of fatty acids such as caprylic, capric and lauric acids are the interest of the oil. To date, this fatty acid composition is the best to be analyzed by gas chromatography. In Indonesia, there are two laboratories used to analyze the fatty acids. The purpose of this study is to compare the two laboratories in the analysis the compounds. Samples of commercial coconut oils were treated with acid and base to converted into Fatty acid methyl ester. The derivatives were extracted with hexane and ready to be send to the laboratories. The results show the chromatogram of the two laboratories is totally difference. The chromatograph from Laboratory 1 showed very good base line but there was no stearic fatty acid peak shown The retention time for the same fatty acids is different. Peak areas among the same fatty acids are totally different between the two laboratories, but the percentage for each fatty acid is almost the same

Endothelial LRP1 transports amyloid-β1-42 across the blood-brain barrier

According to the neurovascular hypothesis, impairment of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) in brain capillaries of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) contributes to neurotoxic amyloid-beta (A beta) brain accumulation and drives Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. However, due to conflicting reports on the involvement of LRP1 in A beta transport and the expression of LRP1 in brain endothelium, the role of LRP1 at the BBB is uncertain. As global Lrp1 deletion in mice is lethal, appropriate models to study the function of LRP1 are lacking. Moreover, the relevance of systemic A beta clearance to AD pathology remains unclear, as no BBB-specific knockout models have been available. Here, we developed transgenic mouse strains that allow for tamoxifen-inducible deletion of Lrp1 specifically within brain endothelial cells (Slo1c1-CreER(Tz) Lrp1(fl/fl) mice) and used these mice to accurately evaluate LRP1-mediated A beta BBB clearance in vivo. Selective deletion of Lrp1 in the brain endothelium of C57BL/6 mice strongly reduced brain efflux of injected [I-125] A beta(1-42). Additionally, in the 5xFAD mouse model of AD, brain endothelial-specific Lrp1 deletion reduced plasma A beta levels and elevated soluble brain A beta, leading to aggravated spatial learning and memory deficits, thus emphasizing the importance of systemic AD elimination via the BBB. Together, our results suggest that receptor-mediated A beta BBB clearance may be a potential target for treatment and prevention of A beta brain accumulation in AD

Quantum Decoherence of Two Qubits

It is commonly stated that decoherence in open quantum systems is due to growing entanglement with an environment. In practice, however, surprisingly often decoherence may equally well be described by random unitary dynamics without invoking a quantum environment at all. For a single qubit, for instance, pure decoherence (or phase damping) is always of random unitary type. Here, we construct a simple example of true quantum decoherence of two qubits: we present a feasible phase damping channel of which we show that it cannot be understood in terms of random unitary dynamics. We give a very intuitive geometrical measure for the positive distance of our channel to the convex set of random unitary channels and find remarkable agreement with the so-called Birkhoff defect based on the norm of complete boundedness.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Effect of different orchard management practices on the growth and production of rejuvenated of pomegranates (Punica granatum L.) cv. Kandhari Kabuli

Orchard management practices are the most important cultural tools for successful and sustainable cultivation of any fruit crop including pomegranate. Orchard management systems have an effect on growth, yield and fruit quality through their smoothening effects on the availability of nutrients, conservation of moisture and reduction of weed competition. Orchard management practices treatments viz., five orchard floor management treatments viz., T1: Grass mulch (10 cm thick), T2: Black polythene mulch, T3: Clean basin + Herbicidal treatment (Glyphosate 7ml/ litre), T4: Ridge basin + Grass mulch and T5: Control (No mulching). The results of the experiment, black several that polythene mulch proved to be most effective in increasing plant growth (51.80 cm), yield (13.05 kg/plant) of superior fruits and also in conservation of soil moisture. Grass mulch was better when compared to other orchard floor man-agement practices in terms of growth (47.00 cm) and yield (12.35 kg). The orders of the orchard floor management practices in moisture conservation are: black polythene mulch 13.51 %> grass mulch 12.38 % > ridge basin + grass mulch 9.31% > clean basin + Herbicidal treatment (Glyphosate 7 ml/litre) 9.20 %> control 7.64 %. Orchard floor management treatments did not exert any significant effect in controlling bacterial blight disease on leaf and fruit surface

Pengaruh Latihan Spiderman Crawl Terhadap Kelenturan Otot Tungkai Pada Pemain Sepakbola Siswa Ekstrakurikuler Smpnegeri 1 Cerenti Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi

Based the observation, the student used to get low score for the flexibility of leg muscle in playing football. It was shown when they did dribbling or the other techniques. The aim of the research was to know the effect of spiderman crawl to the leg muscle flexibility in playing football for the extracurriculer students of SMP 1 Cerenti in Kuantan Singingi. The population was the extracurriculer students of SMP 1 Cerenti in Kuantan Singingi 2013 / 2014 which was 24 students. Based on the population, the collecting data was total sampling which the researcher took whole population as the samples. The instrument of the research was front splits test. The data were analysed by using T-test. According to T-test, rcount 3.236 and ttable 1.714 so Ha was refused in alpha level ( α ) 0.05. It was concluded that there was the effect of spiderman crawl training through the leg muscle flexibily in playing football for the extracurriculer students of SMPN 1 Cirenti Kuansing

Facilitators and barriers to the implementation of a Mobile Health Wallet for pregnancy-related health care: A qualitative study of stakeholders’ perceptions in Madagascar

Financial barriers are a major obstacle to accessing maternal health care services in low-resource settings. In Madagascar, less than half of live births are attended by skilled health staff. Although mobile money-based savings and payment systems are often used to pay for a variety of services, including health care, data on the implications of a dedicated mobile money wallet restricted to health-related spending during pregnancy–a mobile health wallet (MHW)–are not well understood. In cooperation with the Madagascan Ministry of Health, this study aims to elicit the perceptions, experiences, and recommendations of key stakeholders in relation to a MHW amid a pilot study in 31 state-funded health care facilities. We conducted a two-stage qualitative study using semi-structured in-depth interviews with stakeholders (N = 21) representing the following groups: community representatives, health care providers, health officials and representatives from phone provider companies. Interviews were conducted in Atsimondrano and Renivohitra districts, between November and December of 2017. Data was coded thematically using inductive and deductive approaches, and found to align with a social ecological model. Key facilitators for successful implementation of the MHW, include (i) close collaboration with existing communal structures and (ii) creation of an incentive scheme to reward pregnant women to save. Key barriers to the application of the MHW in the study zone include (i) disruption of informal benefits for health care providers related to the current cash-based payment system, (ii) low mobile phone ownership, (iii) illiteracy among the target population, and (iv) failure of the MHW to overcome essential access barriers towards institutional health care services such as fear of unpredictable expenses. The MHW was perceived as a potential solution to reduce disparities in access to maternal health care. To ensure success of the MHW, direct demand-side and provider-side financial incentives merit consideration