Bycatch of franciscana dolphins Pontoporia blainvillei and the dynamic of artisanal fisheries in the species' southernmost area of distribution

Na Argentina, a toninha é um dos cetáceos mais vulneráveis devido às capturas por rede de pesca artesanal. O presente estudo teve como objetivo estimar as capturas acidentais no sul da província de Buenos Aires, através de entrevistas aos capitães de barcos de pesca artesanal, entre os anos 2006-2009. As capturas foram reportadas para redes de emalhe e de camarão; com as mais altas frequências entre outubro e fevereiro, a 5 km da costa e 10-20 m de profundidade. A mortalidade acidental média anual estimada foi de 107 golfinhos (IC 95% = 87-129), 92 em redes de emalhe (IC 95% = 73-112) e 15 em redes de camarão (IC 95% = 8-25), com uma captura de 0,029 golfinhos/km de rede de emalhe (IC 95% = 0,023-0,036) e 0,024/rede de camarão (IC 95% = 0,012-0,035). As flutuações anuais responderam principalmente às diferenças nos dias de pesca. Considerando o último levantamento estimativo feito para o norte costeiro da província, estima-se uma mortalidade entre 360-539 golfinhos/ano em toda a província de Buenos Aires. Esses valores correspondem de 2,5-3,7% da abundância populacional da Argentina; o que traria como consequência um declínio populacional da espécie, tornando-se fundamental encontrar alternativas de pesca para a área.In Argentina, the franciscana dolphin is one of the most vulnerable cetaceans regularly entangled in coastal artisanal fishery nets. The aim of this paper is to estimate the species' incidental mortality on the Southern coast of Buenos Aires province through interviews with the captains of artisanal fishing vessels, in the period 2006-2009. Franciscana bycatch was reported for gillnets and shrimper gear all year round but it occurred more frequently between October and February, at 5 km offshore and 10-20 m depth. The estimated mean annual incidental mortality was 107 dolphins (CI 95% = 87-129), 92 caught in gillnets (CI 95% = 73-112) and 15 in shrimpers' gear (CI 95% = 8-25) with a capture per unit effort of 0.029 dolphins per km of gillnet (CI 95% = 0.023-0.036) and 0.022 per shrimpe r's net (CI 95% = 0.012-0.035). Annual fluctuations were due to differences in the number of gillnetting fishing days. If mortality estimates for the Northern coast are also taken into account, values attain a maximum of 360-539 dolphins bycaught in the entire Buenos Aires province, representing 2.5-3.7% of the species' abundance in Argentina. This will inevitably lead to the decline of franciscana dolphin populations in the near future unless alternative fishing grounds are identified and alternative gearadopted

Paseo "Lanchas Amarillas": espacio múltiple económico y social, con fines culturales, turísticos y comerciales: Complejo portuario de Mar del Plata

La Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales de la Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata realizó la evaluación social, cultural, económica y financiera del Proyecto productivo y cultural llamado Paseo Lanchas Amarillas, mediante un equipo interdisciplinario conformado al efecto, cuya financiación estuvo compartida entre la Sociedad de Patrones Pescadores y la Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Para turistas y residentes, existen diferentes imágenes panorámicas que recrean la banquina: las embarcaciones, los lobos y la gente trabajando en el puerto. Tales imágenes conforman un símbolo espacial único. El puerto y su trabajo reflejan vivencias y comportamientos de relevancia cultural. Todo ello hace que lo cotidiano confiera autenticidad al Paseo, que es percibido como un "paisaje cultural", con una identidad que lo constituye en una parte importante del patrimonio natural y cultural de Mar del Plata, adquiriendo la condición de bien común y de testimonio de la comunidad que lo habita. El mercado de productos pesqueros en ese entorno, además de una fuente importante de ingresos, se constituiría en una alternativa recreativa al proponer un lugar apropiado para las actividades de consumo de productos pesqueros, incentivando un mayor consumo de actividades recreativas y productos comerciales afines. La evaluación económica financiera realizada sobre la base del Proyecto Edilicio arrojó, para la tasa interna de retorno, en el rango de 34,23% y 51,11%, valores superiores a la tasa de corte requerida para el proyecto, comparable con rendimientos factibles de obtener en inversiones alternativasFil: Bertolotti, María Isabel. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina.Fil: Bertoni, Marcela. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina.Fil: Errazti, Elizabeth. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina.Fil: Foutel, Mariana. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina.Fil: Gnecco, Martín Leonardo. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina.Fil: Lasta, Carlos A. Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero (INIDEP); Argentina.Fil: Pagani, Andrea N. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina

Reverse Micellar Aggregates: Effect on Ketone Reduction. 2. Surfactant Role

Kinetics of the reduction of 3-chloroacetophenone (CAF) with sodium borohydride (NaBH4) were followed by UV−vis spectroscopy at 27.0 °C in different reverse micellar media, toluene/BHDC/water and toluene/AOT/water, and compared with results in an isooctane/AOT/water reverse micellar system. AOT is sodium 1,4-bis-2-ethylhexylsulfosuccinate, and BHDC is benzyl-n-hexadecyl dimethylammonium chloride. The kinetic profiles were investigated as a function of variables such as surfactant and NaBH4 concentration and the amount of water dispersed in the reverse micelles, W0 = [H2O]/[surfactant]. In all cases, the first-order rate constant, kobs, increases with the concentration of surfactant as a consequence of incorporating the substrate into the interface of the reverse micelles where the reaction takes place. The reaction is faster at the cationic interface than at the anionic one probably because the negative ion BH4- is part of the cationic interface. The effect of the external solvent on the reaction shows that reduction is favored in the isooctane/AOT/water reverse micellar system than that with an aromatic solvent. This is probably due to BH4- being more in the water pool of the toluene/AOT/water reverse micellar system. The kinetic profile upon water addition depends largely on the type of interface. In the BHDC system, kobs increases with W0 in the whole range studied while in AOT the kinetic profile has a maximum at W0 5, probably reflecting the fact that BH4- is part of the cationic interface while, in the anionic one, there is a strong interaction between water and the polar headgroup of AOT below W0 = 5 and, above that, BH4- is repelled from the interface once the water pool has formed. Application of a kinetic model based on the pseudophase formalism, which considers the distribution of the ketone between the continuous medium and the interface and assumes that reaction takes place only at the interface, has enabled us to estimate rate constants at the interface of the reverse micellar systems. At W0 < 10, it was considered that NaBH4 is wholly at the interface and, at W0 ≥ 10, where there are free water molecules, also the partitioning between the interface and the water pool was taken into account. The results were used to evaluate CAF and NaBH4 distribution constants between the different pseudophases as well as the second-order reaction rate constant of the reduction reaction in the micellar interface

In vitro properties of concentrated canine platelets stored in two additive solutions: a comparative study

Abstract Background Platelet transfusion therapy poses many challenges in veterinary clinical practice. Lack of readily available blood donors, short shelf-life, and inability to administer a sufficient number of platelets to meet a dog’s transfusion need are the major difficulties encountered. Platelet additive solutions are already in use at American and European human blood banks, showing to be a realistic alternative. This study compares the in vitro platelet function in plasma, Composol, or SSP+ during storage for 13 days. Platelet rich plasma-platelet concentrate with 35% plasma and 65% platelet additive solutions (Composol or SSP+) and a control group (100% plasma) were prepared. Swirling, platelet count, blood gases, metabolic variables, platelet activation markers, and apoptosis markers were analyzed on days 1, 5, 9 and 13. Results Swirling was well preserved and pH was acceptable (> 6.2) during storage for all platelet additive solutions units until day 9. SSP + units showed more stable pH and metabolic variables until day 13. Platelets in plasma showed higher glucose consumption than in Composol or in SSP+. The platelet additive solutions units showed better platelet metabolism maintenance, reduced glucose consumption and lactate production. The apoptotic markers were still low for 9 days in platelet concentrates with platelet additive solutions, suggesting the possibility to extend the shelf life with the use of SSP+ or Composol. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the uses of Composol and SSP+ in canine platelet concentrates are potential alternatives in veterinary blood banks