The Classic: Bone Morphogenetic Protein

This Classic Article is a reprint of the original work by Marshall R. Urist and Basil S. Strates, Bone Morphogenetic Protein. An accompanying biographical sketch of Marshall R. Urist, MD is available at DOI 10.1007/s11999-009-1067-4; a second Classic Article is available at DOI 10.1007/s11999-009-1069-2; and a third Classic Article is available at DOI 10.1007/s11999-009-1070-9. The Classic Article is © 1971 by Sage Publications Inc. Journals and is reprinted with permission from Urist MR, Strates BS. Bone morphogenetic protein. J Dent Res. 1971;50:1392–1406

Airglow Measurements of Gravity Wave Propagation and Damping over Kolhapur (16.5°N, 74.2°E)

Simultaneous mesospheric OH and O  (1S) night airglow intensity measurements from Kolhapur (16.8°N, 74.2°E) reveal unambiguous gravity wave signatures with periods varying from 01 hr to 9 hr with upward propagation. The amplitudes growth of these waves is found to vary from 0.4 to 2.2 while propagating from the OH layer (~87 km) to the O (1S) layer (~97 km). We find that vertical wavelength of the observed waves increases with the wave period. The damping factors calculated for the observed waves show large variations and that most of these waves were damped while traveling from the OH emission layer to the O (1S) emission layer. The damping factors for the waves show a positive correlation at vertical wavelengths shorter than 40 km, while a negative correlation at higher vertical wavelengths. We note that the damping factors have stronger positive correlation with meridional wind shears compared to the zonal wind shears

Observational Study of Nisarg Cyclone Winds using Phased Array Doppler Sodar at Atigre, Kolhapur, India

Abstract One of the most important parameters in meteorology is the mean wind profile in the tropical cyclone boundary layer. The signature of the Nisarg cyclone is reported in the Phased Array Doppler Sound Detection and Ranging (SODAR) data installed at the Center for Space and Atmospheric Science (CSAS), Sanjay Ghodawat University, Kolhapur (16.74° N, 74.37° E; near India's western coast). The vertical profile of wind speed and wind direction measured from the sodar system clearly reveals the signature of Nisarg cyclone during 2- 3 June 2020. Our analysis revealed that, the maximum mean wind speed was 17 m/s on 3rd June 2020 at 10:00 IST. It also shows the change in the wind direction from southwest to southeast on 2nd June 2020 and 3rd June 2020. Daily high-resolution reanalysis in the domain, 0-25°N, 65-110°E, during the period from 31st May-5th June 2020 shown the variation in atmospheric pressure of the Nisarg cyclone from 1000 to 1008 hPa, sea surface tremperature (SST) between 30 and 31°C, outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) varied between 100 and 240 Wm−2, wind speed between 3 and 15 m/s and low values of vertical wind shear (VWS) was observed to the north of the track Nisarg. These findings could aid in better understanding and forecasting in this region. The present results are initial measurements of sodar system.</jats:p

Analysis of Nano-Fluid and Water Using CFD for Heat Exchanger

Heat exchangers are a device used to transfer heat between two or more fluids. Cold water is commonly used in heat exchangers. But the heat transfer rate of the heat exchangers using water is less. Our aim is to improve the heat transfer rate. So, instead of cold water, we are using Nano fluid along with water. Nano fluids have improved thermal properties and heat transfer rate. Nano fluid contains metallic or non-metallic nano powder with a size of 100 nm in base fluid. We designed a CATIA model and imported the geometry in ANSYS software. After importing, we completed meshing process. Next, in setup, we selected material for shell and tube. Then we selected Nano fluid as the heat transferring medium. We provided boundary conditions to the heat exchanger. This gave us the result. From the result, we calculated the efficiencies of heat exchanger using water, aluminium oxide and copper oxide respectively. By comparing, we observed that the efficiency of copper oxide is greater than aluminium oxide and the efficiency of aluminium oxide is greater than cold water. Thus, we conclude that Nano fluids increase the efficiency of heat exchanger.</jats:p