Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Hydrogen Addition with Diesel on Performance and Emission of a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine

Need of the hour in present day scenario is to cope with energy crisis and human life in India and around the globe which is associated with depletion in the percentage of petroleum products and increase in the share of pollution caused due to emissions from diesel operated engines. This work tries to address these two major concern with the use of alternative fuel for diesel engine .A lot of research is going on the use of alternative and innovative fuels in the word, among those one of the most promising alternative ought to be hydrogen for being a clean and non carbon in nature. However various ongoing researches shown hydrogen blending to be proved to show positive effect on performance and emission of a diesel engine, which has to be carried forwarded. In this work a flow rate of 4 lpm, 6 lpm and 8 lpm respectively blend of hydrogen proportion where used along which diesel at loading at a constant speed of 1500 rpm to determine various engine performance parameters such as brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption ,brake power, indicated thermal efficiency, mechanical efficiency, volumetric efficiency, torque output and power output. along with these various emission parameters such as percentage of CO,HC ,NOx gas temperature with varying blend proportion are also observed and compared

TGFβ1 orchestrates renal fibrosis following Escherichia coli pyelonephritis

Renal scarring after pyelonephritis is linked to long-term health risks for hypertension and chronic kidney disease. Androgen exposure increases susceptibility to, and severity of, uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) pyelonephritis and resultant scarring in both male and female mice, while anti-androgen therapy is protective against severe urinary tract infection (UTI) in these models. This work employed androgenized female C57BL/6 mice to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of post-infectious renal fibrosis and to determine how these pathways are altered by the presence of androgens. We found that elevated circulating testosterone levels primed the kidney for fibrosis by increasing local production of TGFβ1 before the initiation of UTI, altering the ratio of transcription factors Smad2 and Smad3 and increasing the presence of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-like cells and Gli1 + activated myofibroblasts, the cells primarily responsible for deposition of scar components. Increased production of TGFβ1 and aberrations in Smad2:Smad3 were maintained throughout the course of infection in the presence of androgen, correlating with renal scarring that was not observed in non-androgenized female mice. Pharmacologic inhibition of TGFβ1 signaling blunted myofibroblast activation. We conclude that renal fibrosis after pyelonephritis is exacerbated by the presence of androgens and involves activation of the TGFβ1 signaling cascade, leading to increases in cortical populations of MSC-like cells and the Gli1 + activated myofibroblasts that are responsible for scarring

Stochastic Lag Time in Nucleated Linear Self-Assembly

Protein aggregation is of great importance in biology, e.g., in amyloid fibrillation. The aggregation processes that occur at the cellular scale must be highly stochastic in nature because of the statistical number fluctuations that arise on account of the small system size at the cellular scale. We study the nucleated reversible self-assembly of monomeric building blocks into polymer-like aggregates using the method of kinetic Monte Carlo. Kinetic Monte Carlo, being inherently stochastic, allows us to study the impact of fluctuations on the polymerisation reactions. One of the most important characteristic features in this kind of problem is the existence of a lag phase before self-assembly takes off, which is what we focus attention on. We study the associated lag time as a function of the system size and kinetic pathway. We find that the leading order stochastic contribution to the lag time before polymerisation commences is inversely proportional to the system volume for large-enough system size for all nine reaction pathways tested. Finite-size corrections to this do depend on the kinetic pathway

Optimizing parametrial aperture design utilizing HDR brachytherapy isodose distribution.

Treatment of cervical cancer includes combination of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and brachytherapy (BRT). Traditionally, coronal images displaying dose distribution from a ring and tandem (R&T) implant aid in construction of parametrial boost fields. This research aimed to evaluate a method of shaping parametrial fields utilizing contours created from the high-dose-rate (HDR) BRT dose distribution. Eleven patients receiving HDR-BRT via R&T were identified. The BRT and EBRT CT scans were sent to FocalSim (v4.62)(®) and fused based on bony anatomy. The contour of the HDR isodose line was transferred to the EBRT scan. The EBRT scan was sent to CMS-XIO (v4.62)(®) for planning. This process provides an automated, potentially more accurate method of matching the medial parametrial border to the HDR dose distribution. This allows for a 3D-view of dose from HDR-BRT for clinical decision-making, utilizes a paperless process and saves time over the traditional technique

Interferon lambda protects the female reproductive tract against Zika virus infection

Zika virus infections can cause devastating congenital birth defects but the underlying interactions with the host immune system are not well understood. Here, the authors examine the immune basis of vaginal protection and susceptibility to Zika viral infection, and identify a hormonal dependent role for interferon-lambda-mediated protection against disease