Length-weight relationship of fishes from coral reefs along the coastline of Jordan (Gulf of Aqaba)

The parameters a and b of the length-weight relationship of the form W = a.Lb were estimated for 15 fish species caught along the coastline of Jordan in the Gulf of Aqaba. The sampling was carried out between July 1999 and January 2001. Data from 1 000 fish individuals (identified to eight families and 15 species) were used for this purpose

Impact of maternal cigarette smoke exposure on brain inflammation and oxidative stress in male mice offspring

Maternal cigarette smoke exposure (SE) during gestation can cause lifelong adverse effects in the offspring's brain. Several factors may contribute including inflammation, oxidative stress and hypoxia, whose changes in the developing brain are unknown. Female Balb/c mice were exposed to cigarette smoke prior to mating, during gestation and lactation. Male offspring were studied at postnatal day (P) 1, P20 and 13 weeks (W13). SE dams had reduced inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-6 and toll like receptor (TLR)4 mRNA), antioxidant (manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD)), and increased mitochondrial activities (OXPHOS-I, III and V) and protein damage marker nitrotyrosine. Brain hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)1α and its upstream signalling molecule early growth response factor (EGR)1 were not changed in the SE dams. In the SE offspring, brain IL-1R, IL-6 and TLR4 mRNA were increased at W13. The translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane, and MnSOD were reduced at W13 with higher nitrotyrosine staining. HIF-1α was also increased at W13, although EGR1 was only reduced at P1. In conclusion, maternal SE increased markers of hypoxia and oxidative stress with mitochondrial dysfunction and cell damage in both dams and offspring, and upregulated inflammatory markers in offspring, which may render SE dams and their offspring vulnerable to additional brain insults

Neue linguistische Methoden und arbeitstechnische Verfahren in der Erschliessung der ägyptischen Grammatik

15 páginas, 1 tabla, 6 figuras.Does diversity beget diversity? Diversity includes a diversity of concepts because it is linked to variability in and of life and can be applied to multiple levels. The connections between multiple levels of diversity are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the relationships between genetic, bacterial, and chemical diversity of the endangered Atlanto-Mediterranean sponge Spongia lamella. These levels of diversity are intrinsically related to sponge evolution and could have strong conservation implications. We used microsatellite markers, denaturing gel gradient electrophoresis and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and high performance liquid chromatography to quantify genetic, bacterial, and chemical diversity of nine sponge populations. We then used correlations to test whether these diversity levels covaried. We found that sponge populations differed significantly in genetic, bacterial, and chemical diversity. We also found a strong geographic pattern of increasing genetic, bacterial, and chemical dissimilarity with increasing geographic distance between populations. However, we failed to detect significant correlations between the three levels of diversity investigated in our study. Our results suggest that diversity fails to beget diversity within a single species and indicates that a diversity of factors regulates a diversity of diversities, which highlights the complex nature of the mechanisms behind diversityResearch funded by grants from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ECIMAR), from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology SOLID (CTM2010-17755) and Benthomics (CTM2010-22218-C02-01) and the BIOCAPITAL project (MRTN-CT-2004-512301) of the European Union. This is a contribution of the Consolidated Research Group ‘‘Grupo de Ecologı´a Bento´nica,’’ SGR2009-655.Peer reviewe

Genetic diversity and relationship analysis of the Brassica napus germplasm using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers

Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is an important oilseed crop worldwide. The objective of this research was to study the genetic diversity and relationships of B. napus accessions using simple sequence repeat (SSR). A set of 217 genotypes was characterized using 37 SSR markers of mapping on the B. napus genome. The detected alleles were 2 to 11 at each of the 37 markers, with an average of 5.29 per marker. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) clustering enabled the identification of two general groups with increasing genetic diversity as follows: (1) group I was further divided into three groups (A, B and C), group A included 121 accessions, and consisted of the yellowseeded and black-seeded cultivars and breeding lines. The group B included 70 accessions and consisted mainly of the yellow-seeded cultivars and breeding lines, which were mostly cultivated in China. The group C included 10 accessions and consisted of the black-seeded cultivars and breeding lines with low levels of erucic acid. (2) Group II included 16 accessions consisted mainly of breeding lines and German cultivars, which were black-seeded lines with high levels of oleic acid (>80%) and low erucic acid and seed glucosinolate. The grouping of accessions by cluster analysis was generally consistent with known pedigrees, which included the grouping of lines derived both by backcrossing or self-pollination with their parents. The molecular genetic information gained enables also help breeders and geneticists to understand the structure of B. napus germplasm and to predict which combinations would produce the best off-spring which is potentially interesting with respect to increasing heterosis in oilseed rape hybrids.Key words: Brassica napus L., genetic diversity, microsatellites, SSR markers

Ameliorating effects of Ascorbic acid and Ammi Visnaga seeds on cigarette and water- pipe smoking Cytotoxicity in the lung and heart ventricle

Abstract A current study investigated the effects of smoking (Cigarettes and Water-pipes) on the lung and cardiac ventricles by comparing the cytotoxic effects of smoking with certain natural antioxidants. 56 male albino rats were randomly assigned to 7 groups (N = 8 per group). Group 1 was a negative control that was exposed to fresh air; Group 2 was a positive group exposed to the most popular cigarette brands in the Jordanian market (red LM cigarettes) for 30 consecutive days, one cigarette per rat. Groups 3 and 4 were exposed to a cigarette smoking treatment with one of the natural antioxidants (vitamin C, Ammi Visnagia seed extract, respectively). Rats in group 5 were exposed to flavored water-pipe smoke resulting from the complete burning of 20 g from one coastal for 30 days, one session a day, and groups 6–7 were exposed to cigarette smoking with treatment with one of the selected natural antioxidants (Ascorbic acid vitamin C, Ammi Visnagia seed extract). According to immunohistochemistry investigations, smoking exposure has been linked to negative tissue consequences. Both types of smoking models induced the expression of the p53 protein in heart and lung tissues. However, p53 was mildly expressed in the heart and considerably in the lung. In conclusion, investigations were conducted on the impact of smoking on different levels, such as histological changes in the trachea, lung, and heart ventricle, as well as its influence on the expression of the p53 protein. The administration of Ammi Visnaga seed extract and Ascorbic acid exhibited protective effects against the detrimental effects of smoking through all the aforementioned methods

International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis

Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR‐RS‐2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence‐based findings of the document. Methods: ICAR‐RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence‐based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence‐based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICAR‐RS‐2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence‐based management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICAR‐RS‐2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence‐based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS

Length-weight relationship of fishes from coral reefs along the coastline of Jordan (Gulf of Aqaba)

The parameters a and b of the length-weight relationship of the form W = a.Lb were estimated for 15 fish species caught along the coastline of Jordan in the Gulf of Aqaba. The sampling was carried out between July 1999 and January 2001. Data from 1 000 fish individuals (identified to eight families and 15 species) were used for this purpose