Experimentation on the use of chromaticity features, local binary pattern and discrete cosine transform in colour texture analysis

This paper describes a method for colour texture analysis, which performs segmentation based on colour and texture information. The main goal of this approach is to examine the contribution of chromaticity features in the analysis of texture. Local binary pattern and discrete cosine transform are the techniques utilised as a tool to perform feature extraction. Segmentation is carried out based on an unsupervised texture segmentation method. The performance of the method is evaluated using dierent chromaticity features and also using the ROC curves. The results indicate that the inclusion of colour information improves the segmentation performance

Effect of Shade and Integrated Nutrient Management on Biochemical Constituents of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of partial shade, inorganic, organic and biofertilizers on biochemical constituents and quality of turmeric. The study was laid out in split plot design, consisting of two main plots viz., open and shade. The sub-plot treatments consisted of different doses of inorganic fertilizers, organic manures, biofertilizers and growth stimulants constituting of 40 different treatment combinations. The treatment combinations, viz., shade with application of 100 % recommended dose of NPK + 50 % FYM (15 t ha-1) + coir compost (10 t ha-1) + Azospirillum (10 kg ha-1) + phosphobacteria (10 kg ha-1) + 3 % panchagavya showed increased total chlorophyll content, total phenol content and registered the highest yield per plot. On the contrary, provision of shade decreased the curing percentage as compared to open condition. Among the quality characters, the highest curcumin (5.57 %) and essential oil (5.68 %) content were registered in the treatment, shade with application of 50 % FYM + coir compost + Azospirillum (10 kg ha-1) + phosphobacteria (10 kg ha-1) + 3 % panchagavya

Vigilant Salp Swarm Algorithm for Feature Selection

Feature selection (FS) averts the consideration of unwanted features which may tend the classification algorithm to classify wrongly. Choosing an optimal feature subset from the given set of features is challenging due to the complex associations present within the features. In non-convex conditions, the gradient-based algorithms suffer due to local optima or saddle points with respect to initial conditions where swarm intelligence algorithms pose a higher chance to converge over the global optima. The Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA) proposed by Mirjalili et al. is based on the chaining behaviour of sea salps but the algorithm lacks diversity in the exploration stage. Rectifying the exploratory behaviour and testing the algorithm against the FS problem is the motivation behind this work. Three variants of the algorithm are proposed, of which the Vigilant Salp Swarm Algorithm (VSSA) inherits the vigilant mechanism in Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), the second variant and the third variant replace a simple crossover operator and shuffle crossover operator instead of the follower's position update mechanism used in the VSSA to form Vanilla Crossover VSSA (VCVSSA) and Shuffle Crossover VSSA (SCVSSA)

Composition-dependent structural, electrical, magnetic and magnetoelectric properties of (1-x)BaTiO3-xCoFe(2)O(4)particulate composites

Multiferroic composite with the general formula (1 - x)BaTiO3-xCoFe(2)O(4)(x= 0.05, 0.15, 0.25, 0.35 and 0.45) has been synthesized by a standard solid-state reaction route. Powder X-ray diffraction analysis confirms the existence of ferrite (spinel CoFe2O4) and ferroelectric (tetragonal BaTiO3) biphase without any impurity phases in the sintered composites. Microstructure of the composite displays two different grain sizes and shapes studied from SEM analysis. The composites show both ferroelectric and ferromagnetic ordering: the saturation magnetization (M-s) and retentivity (M-r) of the composite are improved with the increase in ferrite phase, while leakage current, ferroelectric and dielectric properties of the composites show a drop. Existence of coupling between ferroelectric and ferromagnetic ordering measured through magnetodielectric (MD) and magnetoelectric (ME) studies reveal an increase in % MD and ME coefficients with an increase in ferrite content. An enhanced ME coupling coefficient of 17 mV cm(-1)Oe(-1)has been realized at a dc magnetic field of 5 kOe with a ac frequency of 50 Hz in (1 - x)BaTiO3-xCoFe(2)O(4)(x= 0.45) composite

Family-focused contextual factors associated with lifestyle patterns in young children from two mother-offspring cohorts : GUSTO and EDEN

Background Integrated patterns of energy balance-related behaviours of preschool children in Asia are sparse, with few comparative analyses. Purpose Using cohorts in Singapore (GUSTO) and France (EDEN), we characterized lifestyle patterns of children and investigated their associations with family-focused contextual factors. Methods Ten behavioural variables related to child's diet, walking, outdoor play and screen time were ascertained by parental questionnaires at age 5-6 years. Using principal component analysis, sex-specific lifestyle patterns were derived independently for 630 GUSTO and 989 EDEN children. Contextual variables were organised into distal (family socio-economics, demographics), intermediate (parental health, lifestyle habits) and proximal (parent-child interaction factors) levels of influence and analysed with hierarchical linear regression. Results Three broadly similar lifestyle patterns were identified in both cohorts: "discretionary consumption and high screen time", "fruit, vegetables, and low screen time" and "high outdoor playtime and walking". The latter two patterns showed small differences between cohorts and sexes. The "discretionary consumption and high screen time" pattern was consistently similar in both cohorts; distal associated factors were lower maternal education (EDEN boys), no younger siblings (GUSTO boys) and Malay/Indian ethnicity (GUSTO), while intermediate and proximal associated factors in both cohorts and sexes were poor maternal diets during pregnancy, parents allowing high child control over food intake, snacking between meals and having television on while eating. Conclusions Three similar lifestyle patterns were observed among preschool children in Singapore and France. There were more common associated proximal factors than distal ones. Cohort specific family-focused contextual factors likely reflect differences in social and cultural settings. Findings will aid development of strategies to improve child health.Peer reviewe

Changes in leisure-time physical activity among Brazilian pregnant women: comparison between two birth cohort studies (2004 – 2015)

Abstract Background Low levels of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) during pregnancy have been shown in studies conducted worldwide. Surveillance is extremely important to monitor the progress of physical activity patterns over time and set goals for effective interventions to decrease inactivity among pregnant women. The aim of this study was to evaluate time changes in LTPA among Brazilian pregnant women in an 11-year period (2004–2015) by comparing data from two birth cohort studies. Methods Two population-based birth cohort studies were carried out in the city of Pelotas, southern Brazil, in 2004 and 2015. A total of 4244 and 4271 mothers were interviewed after delivery. Weekly frequency and duration of each session of LTPA in a typical week were reported for the pre-pregnancy period and for each trimester of pregnancy. Trends in both recommended LTPA (≥150 min/week) and any LTPA (regardless of weekly amount) were analysed overtime. Changes were also calculated separately for subgroups of maternal age, schooling, family income, parity, pre-pregnancy body mass index and pre-pregnancy LTPA. Results The proportion of women engaged in recommended levels of LTPA pre-pregnancy increased from 11.2% (95%CI 10.0–12.2) in 2004 to 15.8% (95%CI 14.6–16.9) in 2015. During pregnancy, no changes were observed over the period for the first (10.6 to 10.9%) and second (8.7 to 7.9%) trimesters, whereas there was a decrease from 3.4% (95%CI 2.9–4.0) to 2.4% (95%CI 1.9–2.8) in the last trimester. Major decreases in LTPA in the last trimester were observed among women who were younger, with intermediate to high income, high schooling, primiparous, pre-pregnancy obese and, engaged in LTPA before pregnancy. Changes in any LTPA practice followed the same patterns described for recommended LTPA. Conclusions Despite the increase in the proportion of women engaged in LTPA before pregnancy between 2004–2015, LTPA levels remained stable during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy and declined during the third gestational trimester over the period. Interventions to encourage the maintenance of LTPA practice throughout pregnancy are urgently needed

A Secure Communication and Location Privacy in WSN Using Grey Wolf Optimization

Abstract Wireless Computing draws in huge speculations, while simultaneously client necessities are ceaselessly expanded. Additionally development in remote advancements should stay up with aforementioned fields, so as to encourage the mix of imaginative administrations and applications in ordinary correspondence of the system. In the proposed framework we upgrade the security instrument for every sensor node by utilizing GWO(Grey wolf optimization) algorithm, and then the dummy sources are created to deceive the adversary and thus the original source is secured.</jats:p