Effect of immunostimulant on enhancement of the immune response of kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus and its resistance against White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV)

An experiment of 45 days duration to test the efficacy of the Vibrio alginolyticus as an immunostimulant was conducted in Marsupenaeus japonicus against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection, considered as one of the serious pathogens of shrimps. The shrimps were fed with the experimental diets coated with different concentrations of bacteria of 17 ml / kg feed and 10 % of animal body wt. They were challenged with WSSV to assess the increase in survival rate and growth if any due to immune enhancement. Another group of shrimp was used for drawing the haemolymph to estimate the increase in the level of prophenoloxidase activity. Samplings for the above said analysis were carried out at 15 days interval for a period of 45 days. The highest prophenoloxidase activity (39.78 with sand substrate-T1) and the highest survival rate (66.66 % with sand substrate-T1) and highest growth rate (7.04 % in 17ml/kg- with sand substrate-T1) were recorded in experimental diet (17 ml / kg feed). Hence the 17 ml / kg feed of Vibrio alginolyticus formalin killed added to the diet could be an eco-friendly and economically viable immunostimulant for penaeid shrimps

Woman Entrepreneurship Through SHGs in Tamil Nadu, India

Entrepreneurship development and income generating activities are a feasible solution for empowering women. It generates income and also provides flexible working hours according to the needs of home makers. Economic independence is the need of the hour. Participation in income generating activities helps in the overall empowerment of women. Empowering women through education, ideas, consciousness, mobilization and participatory approach can enable them to take their own decisions, make them selfreliant and self-confident. Although women are taking on important positions in the business sector, they continue to face barriers to their entrepreneurial activities, compared to their male counterparts. Women still have to struggle with their traditional role in order to balance career and household responsibilities. They have to endure negative social value and cultural bias that lead to unfair perceptions about their ability to operate a business and legal constraints also limit the pursuit of economic independence by women

Identification of Gut Microflora from Green Mussel (Perna viridis)

The main source of Bacterial contamination of Estuary waters are domestic waste water and sewage discharge. In this present investigation, Green Mussels were collected from three different stations of Chennai Coast - Ennore, Royapuram and Muttukadu. The mussels were degutted and bacteria were isolated using selective and non-selective agar medium and further confirmed by biochemical tests. The organisms were ident illed to generic or group level according to Bergey's manual of systematic Bacteriology. Different group of fecal coli forms and Vibrio spp. have been isolated. Escherichia coli, Vibrio alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus and V. harveyi were the dominant species. Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a facultative pathogen widely complicated in outbreaks of gastroenteritis related to the consumption of improperly processed seafood was present in the gut of Green Mussels

Seasonal Variations and Identification of Pathogenic Pollution Indicators from Royapuram Backwaters

Sewage and industrial effluents from Ennore, Chennai harbour and surrounding area have a greater impact on the Royapuram back water affecting the aquatic animals and in tum the human population. These waste carry enormous number of microbial pathogens and other heavy metals resulting in greater economic loss. The current study is aimed at analysing the total viable count of bacteria and pathogenic bacterial species in the water and sediment samples taken from different places of Royapuram fishing area, from where many kind of fishes and molluscans are taken for human consumption .The samples werc collected in pre monsoon, monsoon and post monsoon seasons. Water analysis was done by multiple tube tests to assess the MPN values. The bacteria were isolated using Zobell's agar medium, selective and non selective medias and identified using biochemical test. The organisms were identified to genus, level according to Bergey's manual. Results of field Investigations showed a definite association between the levels pollution and microbial population. Results showed a higher distribution of pathogenic and non pathogenic bacteria in the sediment than in the water sample both in monsoon and post monsoon seasons. Analysis showed the prevalence of human pathogens and fecal indicator organisms like Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp.,Vibrio sp., Shigella sp. in water and in the sediment samples

Effect Of Ph On The Physical Properties Of Znin2se4 Thin Films Grown By Chemical Bath Deposition

Recently there has been much interest on the preparation and characterization of ternary semiconducting materials, mainly ZnIn2Se4 (ZIS) due to its potential applications in various fields, particularly as a buffer layer in the fabrication of heterojuction solar cells. In the present work, thin films of ZIS have been synthesized by a simple and economic method, chemical bath deposition at different pH values that vary from 9 to 11. The deposition was carried out for a fixed bath temperature (Tb) of 90 °C and constant reaction time of 60 min. Ammonia and hydrazine hydrate were used as complexing agents. The chemical and physical properties of the deposited ZIS films were analyzed using appropriate techniques. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the deposited films were polycrystalline and showed (112) peak as the preferred orientation. Scanning electron micrographs revealed that the samples had large number of granule like particles in different sizes. The optical transmittance of these samples was found to be > 75 % in the visible region and the evaluated energy band gap varied from 2.15 eV to 2.64 eV with the change of pH value in the range, 9 - 11. The detailed study of these results were presented and discussed. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/939

Monte Carlo study on anomalous carrier diffusion in inhomogeneous semiconductors

We perform ensemble Monte Carlo simulations of electron diffusion in high mobility inhomogeneous InAs layers. Electrons move ballistically for short times while moving diffusively for sufficiently long times. We find that electrons show anomalous diffusion in the intermediate time domain. Our study suggests that electrons in inhomogeneous InAs could be used to experimentally explore generalized random walk phenomena, which, some studies assert, also occur naturally in the motion of animal foraging paths

Effect of tcdR Mutation on Sporulation in the Epidemic Clostridium difficile Strain R20291

Citation: Girinathan, B. P., Monot, M., Boyle, D., McAllister, K. N., Sorg, J. A., Dupuy, B., & Govind, R. (2017). Effect of tcdR Mutation on Sporulation in the Epidemic Clostridium difficile Strain R20291. Msphere, 2(1), 14. doi:10.1128/mSphere.00383-16Clostridium difficile is an important nosocomial pathogen and the leading cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea. Antibiotic use is the primary risk factor for the development of C. difficile-associated disease because it disrupts normally protective gut flora and enables C. difficile to colonize the colon. C. difficile damages host tissue by secreting toxins and disseminates by forming spores. The toxin-encoding genes, tcdA and tcdB, are part of a pathogenicity locus, which also includes the tcdR gene that codes for TcdR, an alternate sigma factor that initiates transcription of tcdA and tcdB genes. We created a tcdR mutant in epidemic-type C. difficile strain R20291 in an attempt to identify the global role of tcdR. A site-directed mutation in tcdR affected both toxin production and sporulation in C. difficile R20291. Spores of the tcdR mutant were more heat sensitive than the wild type (WT). Nearly 3-fold more taurocholate was needed to germinate spores from the tcdR mutant than to germinate the spores prepared from the WT strain. Transmission electron microscopic analysis of the spores also revealed a weakly assembled exosporium on the tcdR mutant spores. Accordingly, comparative transcriptome analysis showed many differentially expressed sporulation genes in the tcdR mutant compared to the WT strain. These data suggest that regulatory networks of toxin production and sporulation in C. difficile strain R20291 are linked with each other. IMPORTANCE C. difficile infects thousands of hospitalized patients every year, causing significant morbidity and mortality. C. difficile spores play a pivotal role in the transmission of the pathogen in the hospital environment. During infection, the spores germinate, and the vegetative bacterial cells produce toxins that damage host tissue. Thus, sporulation and toxin production are two important traits of C. difficile. In this study, we showed that a mutation in tcdR, the toxin gene regulator, affects both toxin production and sporulation in epidemic-type C. difficile strain R20291

2,4-dihydroxy benzaldehyde derived Schiff bases as small molecule Hsp90 inhibitors: rational identification of a new anticancer lead

Hsp90 is a molecular chaperone that heals diverse array of biomolecules ranging from multiple oncogenic proteins to the ones responsible for development of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Moreover they are over-expressed in cancer cells as a complex with co-chaperones and under-expressed in normal cells as a single free entity. Hence inhibitors of Hsp90 will be more effective and selective in destroying cancer cells with minimum chances of acquiring resistance to them. In continuation of our goal to rationally develop effective small molecule azomethines against Hsp90, we designed few more compounds belonging to the class of 2,4-dihydroxy benzaldehyde derived imines (1-13) with our validated docking protocol. The molecules exhibiting good docking score were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by IR, (1)H NMR and mass spectral analysis. Subsequently, they were evaluated for their potential to suppress Hsp90 ATPase activity by Malachite green assay. The antiproliferative effect of the molecules were examined on PC3 prostate cancer cell lines by adopting 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay methodology. Finally, schiff base 13 emerged as the lead molecule for future design and development of Hsp90 inhibitors as anticancer agents.Fil: Dutta Gupta, Sayan. Osmania University; India. Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University; IndiaFil: Revathi, B.. Osmania University; IndiaFil: Mazaira, Gisela Ileana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Biológica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Galigniana, Mario Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Biológica; ArgentinaFil: Subrahmanyam, C. V. S.. Osmania University; IndiaFil: Gowrishankar, N. L.. Swami Vivekananda Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; IndiaFil: Raghavendra, N. M.. Osmania University; Indi

Credit Card Fraud Detection Using Unsupervised Technique In Time Series Data

This Paper Is Concerned About The Difficulty Of Perceiving Inconsistencies In Time Blueprint Information Utilizing Coevals Analysis, Which May Be A Free Method. Charge Cards Cost Billions Of Dollars In Purchaser And Cash-Related Affiliations Consistently. Delinquents Expect To Discover New Plans And Procedures To Proceed With Unlawful Activities. One Approach To Managing Separate Compulsions Is To Investigate Sketchy Changes In Client Lead. We've Executed A Brief Lopsided Classifier Utilizing Bit Technique That Licenses Us To Bundle Information Trapped In To Express Credits By Performing Factorization Of Qualities And Utilizing Likelihood Edge That Is Set To 90 You Depleted With A Viewpoint On Which It Orders Record As Extortion. These Are Exchanges That Leave Requests Unequivocally From Their Partner Pack And Are Hailed As Conceivably Deceptive. Time Approach, The Character Of The Companion Social Events, And In Like Manner The Advantageousness Of Designating Compulsion Banners To Exchanges Are Depicted. Massive Information Has A High Ability To Anticipate The End, Easily Use, Increment Capacity, And Update Dynamically In A Couple Of Fields Like The Money The Board, Shakedown Control And To Improve The Deal. Of Late Extortion Exchanges Ceaselessly Are Developing, So Perceiving Colossal Degree Plans Across Different Exchanges Or Recognizing Strange Direct From A Private Client Can Change The Fake In Online Exchange. Due To These Mastercard Exchange Certificates Total Weighty Contemplations Ought To Be Made And Made A Pass At Genuine Visa Information. Banks Have Utilized Early Bending Cautioned Structures Doubtlessly For Years. The Sub-Point Is To Present, Take A Gander At And Investigate As Of Late Passed On Exposures In Visa Mutilation Disclosure. The Significance Of The Use Of The Methods Explored Here Is Inside The Minimization Of Mastercard Twisting

The Form and Metaphor of Rural Allegorical Poem

Tamil life and Tamil culture are mixed with music. Among the folk songs eulogy are more emotional. These songs celebrate the merits and loss of the deceased. The eulogy songs sung in longing for who is equal to the deceased are united in our lives. Thus the eulogy that emerge are referred to in many metaphors. Oral literature appeared before the appearance of written literature, as the saying goes: "Lullaby to a woman who has given birth to a child, eulogy to a woman who has lost a husband comes by itself." Eulogy is one form of literature in oral literature. Eulogy is a song sung by women who mourn the dead. In this article, the importance of eulogy is told in the folk songs that have mixed with traditional culture, civilization, culture, customs and beliefs, which is the birthplace of the country people. This article explains about the eulogy in detail