Innovative Technique of Vascular Repair in Intra-Operative IVC Rupture During Lumbar Microdiscectomy: A Case Report

Background: Major vascular injury during a spinal surgery is a rare but most dreaded complication. Case Presentation: A 39 years old female undergoing microscopic lumbar discectomy suddenly developed severe hypotension on table. The procedure was abandoned and the patient turned supine. It was diagnosed to be a major vessel tear and the patient was taken up for immediate successful vascular repair. To best of our knowledge such a repair procedure has not been described in literature. Conclusions: Majority of such vascular injuries are dealt with primary repair of the defect by a vascular surgeon; however in our case the rent was big and placed on the undersurface making it very difficult for the vascular surgeon to approach or repair it primarily

Polarographic Study of Cd(II) Complexes of Mono-, Di-, Tri-isopropanolamines & N-Hydroxyethylethylenediamine

112-11

Resonant hyper-Raman scattering in spherical quantum dots

A theoretical model of resonant hyper-Raman scattering by an ensemble of spherical semiconductor quantum dots has been developed. The electronic intermediate states are described as Wannier-Mott excitons in the framework of the envelope function approximation. The optical polar vibrational modes of the nanocrystallites (vibrons) and their interaction with the electronic system are analized with the help of a continuum model satisfying both the mechanical and electrostatic matching conditions at the interface. An explicit expression for the hyper-Raman scattering efficiency is derived, which is valid for incident two-photon energy close to the exciton resonances. The dipole selection rules for optical transitions and Fr\"ohlich-like exciton-lattice interaction are derived: It is shown that only exciton states with total angular momentum $L=0,1$ and vibrational modes with angular momentum $l_p=1$ contribute to the hyper-Raman scattering process. The associated exciton energies, wavefunctions, and vibron frequencies have been obtained for spherical CdSe zincblende-type nanocrystals, and the corresponding hyper-Raman scattering spectrum and resonance profile are calculated. Their dependence on the dot radius and the influence of the size distribution on them are also discussed.Comment: 12 pages REVTeX (two columns), 2 tables, 8 figure

Identifying discrete behavioural types: A re-analysis of public goods game contributions by hierarchical clustering

We propose a framework for identifying discrete behavioural types in experimental data. We re-analyse data from six previous studies of public goods voluntary contributions games. Using hierarchical clustering analysis, we construct a typology of behaviour based on a simi- larity measure between strategies. We identify four types with distinct sterotypical behaviours, which together account for about 90% of participants. Compared to previous approaches, our method produces a classification in which different types are more clearly distinguished in terms of strategic behaviour and the resulting economic implications

Reciprocity and the tragedies of maintaining and providing the commons

Social cooperation often requires collectively beneficial but individually costly restraint to maintain a public good, or it needs costly generosity to create one. Status quo effects predict that maintaining a public good is easier than providing a new one. Here, we show experimentally and with simulations that even under identical incentives, low levels of cooperation (the ‘tragedy of the commons’) are systematically more likely in maintenance than provision. Across three series of experiments, we find that strong and weak positive reciprocity, known to be fundamental tendencies underpinning human cooperation, are substantially diminished under maintenance compared with provision. As we show in a fourth experiment, the opposite holds for negative reciprocity (‘punishment’). Our findings suggest that incentives to avoid the ‘tragedy of the commons’ need to contend with dilemma specific reciprocity

Immediate and Long-Lasting Impacts of the Mt. Pinatubo Eruption on Ocean Oxygen and Carbon Inventories

Large volcanic eruptions drive significant climate perturbations through major anomalies in radiative fluxes and the resulting widespread cooling of the surface and upper ocean. Recent studies suggest that these eruptions also drive important variability in air-sea carbon and oxygen fluxes. By simulating the Earth system using two initial-condition large ensembles, with and without the aerosol forcing associated with the Mt. Pinatubo eruption in June 1991, we isolate the impact of this volcanic event on physical and biogeochemical properties of the ocean. The Mt. Pinatubo eruption forced significant anomalies in surface fluxes and the ocean interior inventories of heat, oxygen, and carbon. Pinatubo-driven changes persist for multiple years in the upper ocean and permanently modify the ocean's heat, oxygen, and carbon inventories. Positive anomalies in oxygen concentrations emerge immediately post-eruption and penetrate into the deep ocean. In contrast, carbon anomalies intensify in the upper ocean over several years post-eruption, and are largely confined to the upper 150 m. In the tropics and northern high latitudes, the change in oxygen is dominated by surface cooling and subsequent ventilation to mid-depths, while the carbon anomaly is associated with solubility changes and eruption-generated El Niño—Southern Oscillation variability. We do not find significant impact of Pinatubo on oxygen or carbon fluxes in the Southern Ocean; but this may be due to Southern Hemisphere aerosol forcing being underestimated in Community Earth System Model 1 simulations

Governing dynamics of intra-household bargaining relations in informal urban spaces: Reflections from the case of female domestic workers across India

Mainstream neo-classical economics studying the economics of family and households still assumes a common utility and demand function, while accounting for the material well-being of members in any given household/family. This approach has been widely critiqued in recent years, particularly in understanding the intra-household, gendered relations between women and men and the extent of their independent bargaining power towards household decision making and other areas of preference satisfaction. This chapter, focusing on the urban informal economy in India, aims to analyze the socio-economic position of women-working as domestic help workers (in urban households)-to cognize their relative bargaining power (i.e. their preference in decision-making abilities) in their own respective household arrangements. Most women working as domestic help workers, are rarely included in any framework of analysis that attempts to objectively study their social and economic position in the household. This is because most domestic workers are often seen as part of an invisible work force (outside the formal accountable measures in employment statistics), thereby, making it difficult for undertaking any detailed analytical enquiry. The study through primary interviews seeks to: (a) highlight the role of some key variables and factors involved in shaping a woman’s intra-household bargaining level; (b) isolate role of intra-household (i.e. inside her household) and extra-household features (i.e. outside her household), involved in affecting a female domestic help worker’s bargaining power and her decision-making preference in household spending allocation, fertility choice, her child’s education and her child’s marriage. These aspects are examined using observational results from a randomized sample of personal interviews of female domestic help workers across urban cities in India, involving detailed inter-personal oral conversations. The findings of the study emphasize on a greater need to incorporate the role of extra-household factors (say, social status of family of domestic help-workers, migration into the cities, informal status of the group and ideological perspectives of the family-to cite a few) into a woman’s intra-household bargaining power, while going beyond usual variables reflecting the status of her material well-being (i.e. in terms of income earned from domestic help-work, access to property etc.)

Renal Cell Carcinoma with Unusual Metastasis to the Small Intestine Manifesting as Extensive Polyposis: Successful Management with Intraoperative Therapeutic Endoscopy

We present here a rare clinical case of a 53-year-old gentleman with metastasis from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) to the small intestine presenting with extensive polyposis and massive gastrointestinal bleeding which was successfully managed with intraoperative endoscopic polypectomy and segmental small bowel resection. The patient presented with melena 2 weeks after right nephrectomy for RCC. Capsule endoscopy found extensive polyposis throughout the small bowel, and the histological features confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic RCC. The patient eventually underwent laparotomy with intraoperative endoscopy of the entire small bowel. Most of the polyps were removed by snare polypectomy. Three segments of the small bowel with extensive transmural involvement had to be resected with primary anastomosis. In the 2 months following his surgery, the patient had no further evidence of gastrointestinal bleeding. The decision of meticulously removing close to 100 polyps by intraoperative endoscopy prevented the patient from requiring total small bowel resection and lifelong dependence on parenteral nutrition. In conclusion, gastrointestinal bleeding in a patient with known RCC should always trigger full gastrointestinal work-up including capsule endoscopy and, if necessary, double balloon enteroscopy

Lattice Dynamics of II-VI materials using adiabatic bond charge model

We extend the adiabatic bond charge model, originally developed for group IV semiconductors and III-V compounds, to study phonons in more ionic II-VI compounds with a zincblende structure. Phonon spectra, density of states and specific heats are calculated for six II-VI compounds and compared with both experimental data and the results of other models. We show that the 6-parameter bond charge model gives a good description of the lattice dynamics of these materials. We also discuss trends in the parameters with respect to the ionicity and metallicity of these compounds.Comment: 16 pages of RevTex with 3 figures submitted as a uuencode compressed tar fil