Irrigation et développement local Cas du périmètre irrigué du Garaat Enneam (Gouvernorat de Kasserine, Tunisie)

International audienceEn Tunisie, la quasi-totalité des ressources hydriques est affectée au secteur irrigué utilisant plus de 80% des ressources en eau disponibles permettant d'irriguer 370000 ha. La pauvreté se matérialise dans le Centre et le Sud par un milieu naturel difficile et une agriculture de subsistance à faible niveau de productivité et représentant souvent l'unique source de revenu pour la majorité des exploitants. La création de périmètres irrigués constitue le principal voire le seul moyen de développement agricole. La zone de Gaaret Enneam, située dans le Sud du gouvernorat de Kasserine, représente le cas de notre étude sur le rôle de l'irrigation dans le développement local. L'étude des systèmes de production agricole a pour objectif d'évaluer les changements économique, social et technique résultants de la création du périmètre irrigué. L'efficacité de l'intervention de l'Etat, créateur du périmètre irrigué, est mesurée à travers le développement local durable de la communauté objet de l'étude

Mean-Periodic Functions Associated with the Jacobi-Dunkl Operator on R

2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 34K99, 44A15, 44A35, 42A75, 42A63Using a convolution structure on the real line associated with the Jacobi-Dunkl differential-difference operator Λα,β given by: Λα,βf(x) = f'(x) + ((2α + 1) coth x + (2β + 1) tanh x) { ( f(x) − f(−x) ) / 2 }, α ≥ β ≥ −1/2 , we define mean-periodic functions associated with Λα,β. We characterize these functions as an expansion series intervening appropriate elementary functions expressed in terms of the derivatives of the eigenfunction of Λα,β. Next, we deal with the Pompeiu type problem and convolution equations for this operator

A Generalization of Girod's Bidirectional Decoding Method to Codes with a Finite Deciphering Delay

Girod's encoding method has been introduced in order to efficiently decode from both directions messages encoded by using finite prefix codes. In the present paper, we generalize this method to finite codes with a finite deciphering delay. In particular, we show that our decoding algorithm can be realized by a deterministic finite transducer. We also investigate some properties of the underlying unlabeled graph

Fluctuations and Movement Patterns of Race Chicken Egg Prices in Bengkulu Province

Chicken eggs are a staple food with a high enough animal protein content, but the price is quite affordable for all levels of society. This causes the consumption of chicken eggs to be relatively high compared to other animal protein sources, but currently, the amount of production and consumption by the public is not comparable; besides that, the price offered is constantly fluctuating. This study aims to determine price fluctuations and price movement patterns of broiler chicken eggs in Bengkulu Province. The data used is secondary data. The research method uses quantitative descriptive analysis. The research results show that. The risk of fluctuations in the price of broiler eggs in Bengkulu Province has a slightly higher risk for prices at the producer level when compared to prices at the consumer level. The development pattern of broiler egg prices in Bengkulu Province generally shows a positive direction. Fluctuations in the price of broiler eggs occur in specific periods. These fluctuations occur because they coincide with religious holidays such as Ramadan, Eid al-Fitr, Christmas and New Year, the influence of the Russia-Ukraine war, and economic problems due to the Covid-19 pandemic.Telur ayam merupakan salah satu makanan pokok yang memiliki kandungan protein hewani yang cukup tinggi namun harganya cukup terjangkau oleh semua lapisan masyarakat. Hal ini menyebabkan konsumsi telur ayam cukup tinggi dibandingkan sumber protein hewani lainnya, namun saat ini jumlah produksi dan konsumsi masyarakat tidak sebanding, selain itu harga yang ditawarkan selalu berfluktuasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui fluktuasi harga dan pola pergerakan harga telur ayam broiler di Provinsi Bengkulu. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder. Metode penelitian menggunakan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa. Risiko fluktuasi harga telur ayam ras di Provinsi Bengkulu memiliki risiko harga yang sedikit lebih tinggi di tingkat produsen jika dibandingkan dengan harga di tingkat konsumen. Pola perkembangan harga telur ayam ras di Provinsi Bengkulu secara umum menunjukkan arah yang positif. Fluktuasi harga telur ayam pedaging terjadi pada periode tertentu. Fluktuasi tersebut terjadi karena bertepatan dengan hari besar keagamaan seperti bulan Ramadan, Idul Fitri, Natal dan Tahun Baru, serta pengaruh perang Rusia-Ukraina, serta masalah ekonomi akibat pandemi Covid-19.&nbsp

Highlights from the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Pierre Auger Observatory is the world's largest cosmic ray observatory. Our current exposure reaches nearly 40,000 km$^2$ str and provides us with an unprecedented quality data set. The performance and stability of the detectors and their enhancements are described. Data analyses have led to a number of major breakthroughs. Among these we discuss the energy spectrum and the searches for large-scale anisotropies. We present analyses of our X$_{max}$ data and show how it can be interpreted in terms of mass composition. We also describe some new analyses that extract mass sensitive parameters from the 100% duty cycle SD data. A coherent interpretation of all these recent results opens new directions. The consequences regarding the cosmic ray composition and the properties of UHECR sources are briefly discussed.Comment: 9 pages, 12 figures, talk given at the 33rd International Cosmic Ray Conference, Rio de Janeiro 201

The Pierre Auger Observatory III: Other Astrophysical Observations

Astrophysical observations of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with the Pierre Auger ObservatoryComment: Contributions to the 32nd International Cosmic Ray Conference, Beijing, China, August 201

A search for point sources of EeV photons

Measurements of air showers made using the hybrid technique developed with the fluorescence and surface detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory allow a sensitive search for point sources of EeV photons anywhere in the exposed sky. A multivariate analysis reduces the background of hadronic cosmic rays. The search is sensitive to a declination band from -85{\deg} to +20{\deg}, in an energy range from 10^17.3 eV to 10^18.5 eV. No photon point source has been detected. An upper limit on the photon flux has been derived for every direction. The mean value of the energy flux limit that results from this, assuming a photon spectral index of -2, is 0.06 eV cm^-2 s^-1, and no celestial direction exceeds 0.25 eV cm^-2 s^-1. These upper limits constrain scenarios in which EeV cosmic ray protons are emitted by non-transient sources in the Galaxy.Comment: 28 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journa

Biochemical composition of three Tunisian silverside (fish) populations caught in open sea, lagoon and island coasts

Fatty acid and amino acid profiles were determined in three silverside populations caught in Tunisian waters Atherina boyeri (open sea), Atherina lagunae (lagoon) and Atherina sp. (island coasts). Saturated fatty acids reached in total lipids 43.54%, 36.96% in marine and 33.64% in insular silverside and A. lagunae, in which eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and linoleic acid were the prominent fatty acids. The n-3/n-6 index showed a significant level indicating a tendency to accumulate n-3 fatty acids in A. boyeri and A. lagunae and n-6 fatty acids in Atherina sp. Total amino acid content ranged from 528 to 588 mg/g crude protein, in which, glutamic acid was the most abundant. Methionine had the lowest essential amino acid score in A. boyeri and Atherina sp. (0.73 and 0.71, respectively)while tryptophan had the lowest in A. lagunae (0.07)

Ultrahigh-energy neutrino follow-up of Gravitational Wave events GW150914 and GW151226 with the Pierre Auger Observatory

On September 14, 2015 the Advanced LIGO detectors observed their first gravitational-wave (GW) transient GW150914. This was followed by a second GW event observed on December 26, 2015. Both events were inferred to have arisen from the merger of black holes in binary systems. Such a system may emit neutrinos if there are magnetic fields and disk debris remaining from the formation of the two black holes. With the surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory we can search for neutrinos with energy above 100 PeV from point-like sources across the sky with equatorial declination from about -65 deg. to +60 deg., and in particular from a fraction of the 90% confidence-level (CL) inferred positions in the sky of GW150914 and GW151226. A targeted search for highly-inclined extensive air showers, produced either by interactions of downward-going neutrinos of all flavors in the atmosphere or by the decays of tau leptons originating from tau-neutrino interactions in the Earth's crust (Earth-skimming neutrinos), yielded no candidates in the Auger data collected within $\pm 500$ s around or 1 day after the coordinated universal time (UTC) of GW150914 and GW151226, as well as in the same search periods relative to the UTC time of the GW candidate event LVT151012. From the non-observation we constrain the amount of energy radiated in ultrahigh-energy neutrinos from such remarkable events.Comment: Published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Added Report Numbe

Multi-resolution anisotropy studies of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays detected at the Pierre Auger Observatory

We report a multi-resolution search for anisotropies in the arrival directions of cosmic rays detected at the Pierre Auger Observatory with local zenith angles up to $80^\circ$ and energies in excess of 4 EeV ($4 \times 10^{18}$ eV). This search is conducted by measuring the angular power spectrum and performing a needlet wavelet analysis in two independent energy ranges. Both analyses are complementary since the angular power spectrum achieves a better performance in identifying large-scale patterns while the needlet wavelet analysis, considering the parameters used in this work, presents a higher efficiency in detecting smaller-scale anisotropies, potentially providing directional information on any observed anisotropies. No deviation from isotropy is observed on any angular scale in the energy range between 4 and 8 EeV. Above 8 EeV, an indication for a dipole moment is captured; while no other deviation from isotropy is observed for moments beyond the dipole one. The corresponding $p$-values obtained after accounting for searches blindly performed at several angular scales, are $1.3 \times 10^{-5}$ in the case of the angular power spectrum, and $2.5 \times 10^{-3}$ in the case of the needlet analysis. While these results are consistent with previous reports making use of the same data set, they provide extensions of the previous works through the thorough scans of the angular scales.Comment: Published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Added Report Numbe