Generalized Einstein or Green-Kubo relations for active biomolecular transport

For driven Markovian dynamics on a network of (biomolecular) states, the generalized mobilities, i.e., the response of any current to changes in an external parameter, are expressed by an integral over an appropriate current-current correlation function and thus related to the generalized diffusion constants. As only input, a local detailed balance condition is required typically even valid for biomolecular systems operating deep in the non-equilibrium regime.Comment: 4 page

Fluid Machine - Bearing Inserts

The present disclosure relates to fluid machines, especially compressors, more especially screw compressors. More particularly the present disclosure describes a fluid machine comprising at least one rotor, the rotor including a rotor drive shaft extending from the rotor, a housing in which is mounted the rotor, and at least one bearing insert which mounts around the rotor drive shaft at a first end of the rotor and which includes at least one bearing within it and attaches to the housing. The present disclosure also describes bearing inserts suitable for use on such fluid machines

Dynamics of quantum adiabatic evolution algorithm for Number Partitioning

We have developed a general technique to study the dynamics of the quantum adiabatic evolution algorithm applied to random combinatorial optimization problems in the asymptotic limit of large problem size $n$. We use as an example the NP-complete Number Partitioning problem and map the algorithm dynamics to that of an auxilary quantum spin glass system with the slowly varying Hamiltonian. We use a Green function method to obtain the adiabatic eigenstates and the minimum excitation gap, $g_{\rm min}={\cal O}(n 2^{-n/2})$, corresponding to the exponential complexity of the algorithm for Number Partitioning. The key element of the analysis is the conditional energy distribution computed for the set of all spin configurations generated from a given (ancestor) configuration by simulteneous fipping of a fixed number of spins. For the problem in question this distribution is shown to depend on the ancestor spin configuration only via a certain parameter related to the energy of the configuration. As the result, the algorithm dynamics can be described in terms of one-dimenssional quantum diffusion in the energy space. This effect provides a general limitation on the power of a quantum adiabatic computation in random optimization problems. Analytical results are in agreement with the numerical simulation of the algorithm.Comment: 32 pages, 5 figures, 3 Appendices; List of additions compare to v.3: (i) numerical solution of the stationary Schroedinger equation for the adiabatic eigenstates and eigenvalues; (ii) connection between the scaling law of the minimum gap with the problem size and the shape of the coarse-grained distribution of the adiabatic eigenvalues at the avoided-crossing poin

Modelling, Analysis and Design of a Bottle-Shaped Building

The emergence of unique structures around the world have turned the points of it location to centers of attraction thereby yielding benefits to the economy of the cities where they are cited. Worldwide, iconic structures stand out, placing its location on the map. Hence, the idea of bottle-shaped building was birthed trying to put bottle to tension. This research models, analyses and designs a bottle-shaped structure according the British Standard. The works carried out in this research consisted of step by step generation of a three dimensional computer models of the bottle shaped super- structure, analysis and design of critical members for various combination of dead load, live load and the wind load and the critical analysis of the results obtained. The results of the nonlinear finite element analysis carried out for different ranges of loading scenarios were so exiting. It confirmed the validity of the approach adopted for the model and showed that the realization of the structure is very feasible

Stochastic thermodynamics of chemical reaction networks

For chemical reaction networks described by a master equation, we define energy and entropy on a stochastic trajectory and develop a consistent nonequilibrium thermodynamic description along a single stochastic trajectory of reaction events. A first-law like energy balance relates internal energy, applied (chemical) work and dissipated heat for every single reaction. Entropy production along a single trajectory involves a sum over changes in the entropy of the network itself and the entropy of the medium. The latter is given by the exchanged heat identified through the first law. Total entropy production is constrained by an integral fluctuation theorem for networks arbitrarily driven by time-dependent rates and a detailed fluctuation theorem for networks in the steady state. Further exact relations like a generalized Jarzynski relation and a generalized Clausius inequality are discussed. We illustrate these results for a three-species cyclic reaction network which exhibits nonequilibrium steady states as well as transitions between different steady states.Comment: 14 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in J. Chem. Phy

Оценка погрешности выделения сигнала из шума на основе синхронного детектирования

Объектом исследования является метод синхронного детектирования, его применение и оценка погрешностей при разных параметрах. Цель работы – анализ составляющих погрешности при выделении сигнала методом синхронного детектирования. В процессе исследования проводился анализ принципа синхронного детектирования, аналитический обзор средств измерений на основе синхронного детектирования. Также проводилась оценка составляющих погрешности при отклонении частот детектируемого и опорного сигнала, влияние некогерентности опорного сигнала, влияние не ортогональности опорных сигналов. В результате исследования были получены оценки составляющих погрешности при отклонении частот детектируемого и опорного сигнала, а также было выявлено влияние некогерентности опорного сигнала, влияние не ортогональности опорных сигналов. Экономическая эффективность/значимость работы: реализация данного научно-технического проекта, позволяет увеличить эффективность производства, с ресурсосберегающей стороны путем внедрения новых синхронных усилителей с меньшей погрешностью, это позволит производить измерения более точно.The object of the study is the method of synchronous detection, its application and estimation of errors in different parameters. The work purpose – the analysis of the error components when the selection signal by the method of synchronous detection. In the process of investigation the analysis of the principle of synchronous detection, analytical review of measurement tools based on synchronous detection. Also was evaluated the components of the error in the frequency deviation detected and the reference signal, the influence of the incoherence of the reference signal, the influence of orthogonality of a reference signal. The study produced estimates of the components of error in the frequency deviation detected and the reference signal, but also revealed the effects of incoherence of the reference signal, the influence of orthogonality of a reference signal. Economic efficiency and significance of the work: the implementation of this research project, allows to increase production efficiency, resource-saving hand through the introduction of new synchronous amplifiers with reduced error, this will allow to measure more precisely

Dipole-field-assisted charge extraction in metal-perovskite-metal back-contact solar cells

Hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskites are low-cost solution-processable solar cell materials with photovoltaic properties that rival those of crystalline silicon. The perovskite films are typically sandwiched between thin layers of hole and electron transport materials, which efficiently extract photogenerated charges. This affords high-energy conversion efficiencies but results in significant performance and fabrication challenges. Herein we present a simple charge transport layer-free perovskite solar cell (PSC), comprising only a perovskite layer with two interdigitated gold back-contacts. Charge extraction is achieved via self-assembled molecular monolayers (SAMs) and their associated dipole fields at the metal/perovskite interface. Photovoltages of approximately 600 mV generated by SAM-modified PSCs are equivalent to the built-in potential generated by individual dipole layers. Efficient charge extraction results in photocurrents of up to 12.1 mA/cm2 under simulated sunlight, despite a large electrode spacing.Comment: 18 pages, 5 figure

In Silico Approaches and the Role of Ontologies in Aging Research

The 2013 Rostock Symposium on Systems Biology and Bioinformatics in Aging Research was again dedicated to dissecting the aging process using in silico means. A particular focus was on ontologies, as these are a key technology to systematically integrate heterogeneous information about the aging process. Related topics were databases and data integration. Other talks tackled modeling issues and applications, the latter including talks focussed on marker development and cellular stress as well as on diseases, in particular on diseases of kidney and skin