Factors Associated with Birthweight

Background: Birth weight is an important indicator of an infant’s health. Birth weight represents a stabile influence on brain development from childhood to adulthood, regardless of whether a child is little or large at birth, over or under the “normal limit” of 2500 grams. This study aimed to examine factors associated with birth weight. Subjects and Method: A cross sectional study was conducted at Ngemplak Primary Health Center, Boyolali District, Central Java, Indonesia, from May to June 2018. A sample of 203 children under five years old were selected by simple random sampling. The dependent variable was birth weight. The independent variables were family income, gestational age, and maternal nutritional status (mid upper arm circumference/MUAC). The data was collected by questionnaire and were analyzed by multiple linear regression. Results: Birth weight was positively associated with gestational age (b= 0.09; 95% CI= 0.03 to 0.15; p= 0.004), maternal MUAC (b= 0.14; 95% CI= 0.07 to 0.20; p<0.001), and family income (b= 0.09; 95% CI= 0.06 to 0.12; p<0.001). Conclusion: Birth weight is positively associated with gestational age, maternal MUAC, and family income. Keywords: birth weight, gestational age, maternal nutritional status, family incom

Factors Associated with Work Performance among Midwives at Community Health Centers in Central Java

Background: Performance of midwives in antepartum, intrapartum, and post partum health care can influence maternal health as well as infant survival. Despite its importance, studies into factors associated with work performance among widwives in Indonesia are scanty. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with work performance among midwives at Community Health Centers in Central Java. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study carried out at 28 Puskemas (Community Health Centers) in Sukarta and Karanganyar, Central Java, Indonesia. A sample of 28 Puskesmas was selected for this study by stratified random sampling, comprising of 5 strata of Puskesmas. A total sample of 200 midwives was selected for this study by random sampling. Around 4 to 14 mid¬wives were selected randomly from each selected Puskesmas, resulting in a total sample of 200 midwives. The dependent variable was work performance. The independent variables included knowledge, experience, tenure, motivation, job burden, facility, skill, and reward. The data were collected by pretested questionnaire and analyzed by a multiple logistic regression. Results: Work performance was positively associated with knowledge (OR= 6.96 95% CI= 2.88 to 16.82; p<0.001), experience (OR= 2.39; 95% CI= 1.12 to 5.13; p= 0.025), tenure (OR= 2.69; 95% CI= 1.20 to 6.04; p= 0.016), motivation (OR= 2.76; 95% CI= 1.22 to 5.59; p= 0.014), facility (OR= 2.91; 95% CI= 1.32 to 6.41; p= 0.008), skill (OR= 2.59; 95% CI= 1.11 to 6.11; p= 0.030), and reward (OR= 2.08; 95% CI= 0.97 to 4.46; p= 0.061), but was negatively associated with job burden (OR= 0.36; 95% CI= 0.16 to 0.82; p= 0.015). Conclusion: Work performance is positively associated with knowledge, experience, tenure, motivation, facility, skill, and reward, but is negatively associated with job burden, among midwives working at Puskesmas. Keywords: work performance, knowledge, experience, tenure, motivation, facility, skill, reward, job burden, midwife

CHARACTERISTICS OF INDONESIAN LANGUAGE LEARNING ACHIEVEMENTS IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS

Learning outcomes are the ultimate learning goals that students must have. In the independent curriculum-Kurikulum Merdeka, these achievements must be adjusted to the characteristics of the student, school, and learning environment so that the student can achieve optimal results. The objective of this study is to elucidate the features of learning outcomes in junior high schools as established by the ministry in accordance with the Republic of Indonesia Ministerial Decree Number 958 of 2020. A list of learning objectives that have been critically determined is the product of the qualitative content analysis research method, which is applied to documents that have been reviewed. Triangulation of theories about junior high school learning and student characteristics is used as validation. Indicators and learning objectives are created using learning outcomes as a guide, with the expectation that teachers will develop them to their full potential. Characteristics of learning outcomes in junior high schools include (1) optimization of projects as a learning method developed by teachers in the classroom so that students can produce reasonable oral and written discourse, (2) the complexity of learning outcomes means teachers do not concretely master the indicators, (3) learning outcomes provide flexibility for teachers to develop forms of learning according to student needs, and (4) in a learning outcome there is integration of language learning through listening, watching, speaking, reading and writing skills presented in stimulating oral/written discourse complexity of thinking. Learning outcomes as a central curriculum document can at least find learning needs optimally so that students think critically and solve the problems they face

A region-based palliative care intervention trial using the mixed-method approach: Japan OPTIM study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Disseminating palliative care is a critical task throughout the world. Several outcome studies explored the effects of regional palliative care programs on a variety of end-points, and some qualitative studies investigated the process of developing community palliative care networks. These studies provide important insights into the potential benefits of regional palliative care programs, but the clinical implications are still limited, because: 1) many interventions included fundamental changes in the structure of the health care system, and, thus, the results would not be applicable for many regions where structural changes are difficult or unfeasible; 2) patient-oriented outcomes were not measured or explored only in a small number of populations, and interpretation of the results from a patient's view is difficult; and 3) no studies adopted a mixed-method approach using both quantitative and qualitative methodologies to interpret the complex phenomenon from multidimensional perspectives.</p> <p>Methods/designs</p> <p>This is a mixed-method regional intervention trial, consisting of a pre-post outcome study and qualitative process studies. The primary aim of the pre-post outcome study is to evaluate the change in the number of home deaths, use of specialized palliative care services, patient-reported quality of palliative care, and family-reported quality of palliative care after regional palliative care intervention. The secondary aim is to explore the changes in a variety of outcomes, including patients' quality of life, pain intensity, family care burden, and physicians' and nurses' knowledge, difficulties, and self-perceived practice. Outcome measurements used in this study include the Care Evaluation Scale, Good Death Inventory, Brief pain Inventory, Caregiving Consequence Inventory, Sense of Security Scale, Palliative Care Knowledge test, Palliative Care Difficulties Scale, and Palliative Care Self-reported Practice Scale. Study populations are a nearly representative sample of advanced cancer patients, bereaved family members, physicians, and nurses in the region.</p> <p>Qualitative process studies consist of 3 studies with each aim: 1) to describe the process in developing regional palliative care in each local context, 2) to understand how and why the regional palliative care program led to changes in the region and to propose a model for shaping regional palliative care, and 3) to systemically collect the barriers of palliative care at a regional level and potential resolutions. The study methodology is a case descriptive study, a grounded theory approach based on interviews, and a content analysis based on systemically collected data, respectively.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>This study is, to our knowledge, one of the most comprehensive evaluations of a region-based palliative care intervention program. This study has 3 unique aspects: 1) it measures a wide range of outcomes, including quality of care and quality of life measures specifically designed for palliative care populations, whether patients died where they actually preferred, the changes in physicians and nurses at a regional level; 2) adopts qualitative studies along with quantitative evaluations; and 3) the intervention is without a fundamental change in health care systems. A comprehensive understanding of the findings in this study will contribute to a deeper insight into how to develop community palliative care.</p> <p>Trial Registration</p> <p>UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR), Japan, UMIN000001274.</p

Feeding Preferences and the Nutritional Value of Tropical Algae for the Abalone Haliotis asinina

Understanding the feeding preferences of abalone (high-value marine herbivores) is integral to new species development in aquaculture because of the expected link between preference and performance. Performance relates directly to the nutritional value of algae – or any feedstock – which in turn is driven by the amino acid content and profile, and specifically the content of the limiting essential amino acids. However, the relationship between feeding preferences, consumption and amino acid content of algae have rarely been simultaneously investigated for abalone, and never for the emerging target species Haliotis asinina. Here we found that the tropical H. asinina had strong and consistent preferences for the red alga Hypnea pannosa and the green alga Ulva flexuosa, but no overarching relationship between protein content (sum of amino acids) and preference existed. For example, preferred Hypnea and Ulva had distinctly different protein contents (12.64 vs. 2.99 g 100 g−1) and the protein-rich Asparagopsis taxiformis (>15 g 100 g−1 of dry weight) was one of the least preferred algae. The limiting amino acid in all algae was methionine, followed by histidine or lysine. Furthermore we demonstrated that preferences can largely be removed using carrageenan as a binder for dried alga, most likely acting as a feeding attractant or stimulant. The apparent decoupling between feeding preference and algal nutritive values may be due to a trade off between nutritive values and grazing deterrence associated with physical and chemical properties

An exploration of differences between Japan and two European countries in the self-reporting and valuation of pain and discomfort on the EQ-5D.

PURPOSE: To investigate the systematic differences in the self-reporting and valuation of overall health and, in particular, pain/discomfort between three countries (England/UK, Japan, and Spain) on the EQ-5D. METHODS: Existing datasets were used to explore differences in responses on the EQ-5D descriptive system between Japan (3L and 5L), the UK (3L), England (5L), and Spain (5L), particularly on the dimension of pain/discomfort. The role of different EQ dimensions in determining self-reported overall health scores for the EuroQol visual analog scale (EQ-VAS) was investigated using ordinary least squares regression. Time trade-off (TTO) results from Japanese and UK respondents for the EQ-5D-3L as well as Japanese and English respondents for the EQ-5D-5L were compared using t tests. RESULTS: For the EQ-5D-3L, a higher percentage of respondents in Japan than in the UK reported 'no pain/discomfort' (81.6 vs 67.0%, respectively); for the EQ-5D-5L, the proportions were 79.2% in Spain, 73.2% in Japan, and 63-64% in England, after adjusting for age differences in samples. The 'pain/discomfort' dimension had the largest impact on respondents' self-reported EQ-VAS only for EQ-5D-3L in Japan. Using the EQ-5D-3L, Japanese respondents were considerably less willing to trade off time to avoid pain/discomfort than the UK respondents; for example, moving from health state, 11121 (some problems with pain/discomfort) to 11131 (extreme pain/discomfort) represented a decrement of 0.65 on the observed TTO value in the UK compared with 0.15 in Japan. Using the EQ-5D-5L, Japanese respondents were also less willing to trade off time to avoid pain/discomfort than respondents in England; however, the difference in values was much smaller than that observed using EQ-5D-3L data. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence of between-country differences in the self-reporting and valuation of health, including pain/discomfort, when using EQ-5D in general population samples. The results suggest a need for caution when comparing or aggregating EQ-5D self-reported data in multi-country studies.Astellas Europe B

Compensation System Influence to Job Satisfaction and Job Spirit Fires an Employee East Part Sell on PT.Forum Agro Sukses Timur Jember

SUMMARY Compensation System Influence To Job Satisfaction And Job Spirit Fires An Employee East Part Sell On PT. Forum Agro Sukses Timur Jember; Nina Nukita; 100810201225; 2013; 89 pages; Departement of Management Faculty of Economics University of Jember. The purpose of this study to determine and analyze the effect of compensation systems on job satisfaction, compensation system on morale, job satisfaction and the impact on employee morale. Objects used in this study is PT. Successful Agro Forum Jember East. Based on the background and the formulation of the problem, this research study is classified as an explanation Based on the results of the calculation of the path, it can be seen that the compensation system significantly influence job satisfaction and the value of β = 0.360 and 0.000 significance, the compensation system also significantly influence the morale value of β = 0.357 and 0.001 and the significance of job satisfaction also significantly affect morale employees with a value of β = 0.588 and 0.000 siginificance and the compensation system also significantly influence the morale via job satisfaction as variable as intermediate as big as 0,312 or 31,2%

English Learning Educational Games For Hearing And Speech Impairment Students At Slb B Yakut Purwokerto

Students with hearing and speech impairment at the Special School for the Hearing and Speech Impairment (SLB B) Yakut Purwokerto do not have high level of interest in learning. Moreover, the use of manual learning media which are based on books and blackboards also causes a lack of students' understanding. This research aims to develop an alternative learning media which are based on educational games to learn English for students with hearing and speech impairment at SLB-B Yakut Purwokerto with the name "Matching" (Match a Thing). The research method in developing this game was the Multimedia Development Life Cycle which consisted of six stages, namely Concept, Design, Assets / Materials Collecting, Manufacturing (assembly), Testing, and Release (distribution). This educational game was built using the Construct 2 game engine and could be accessed using a web browser. The result of this research is an English-learning-educational game that has several menus, including Main Menu, Help, Play, Library, and Evaluation/Quiz. Based on a blackbox testing, valid results were obtained for all given test scenarios, therefore this game is in accordance with the application developer's expectations. In addition, based on the User Acceptance Testing (UAT), the average perception result was 89% with an indicator of the "Very Good" category which indicates that this application is feasible to use in the English learning process