Deciphering proteome changes and meat texture of traditional halal slaughtered spent sheep subjected to low-voltage electrical stimulation and ageing

The present study evaluated the effect of low-voltage electrical stimulation (LVES, 42 V peak, 0.6 Amp, 50 Hz) and ageing in traditional halal slaughtered Nellore crossbred spent-sheep (Ovis aries). The LVES accelerated the post-mortem glycolysis with a significant decline in pH and shear force values and improvement in water-holding capacity, cooking yield, protein extractability, and an early onset of rigor-mortis relative to non-stimulated control. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with tandem mass spectrometry identified myosin regulatory light chain 2, NADH dehydrogenase, myoglobin, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from traditional halal slaughtered sheep meat. PANTHER analysis of differentially expressed proteins indicated their involvement in structural (50%), catalytic (25%), and binding (25%) activities. The current study provides a novel insight into the contribution of different proteins in orchestrating meat texture from traditional halal slaughtered spent sheep meat subjected to LVES and ageing

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Not AvailableAn experiment was conducted to estimate certain organochlorine pesticides DDT-DichlorodiphenylTrichloroethane, HCH – Hexachloro Cyclo Hexane and Cyclodiene compounds (aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, endrin aldehyde, endosulfan, endosulfansulphate, heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide) residues in meat samples of broiler and desi chicken collected from retail markets of Hyderabad. A total of 60 samples (each 15 meat and fat samples of broiler and desi chicken) were analysed for the presence of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) residues using a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector. The percentage of contamination was higher in broiler meat samples (70 percent) compared to desi chicken (6.66 percent). Among the OCPs - DDT, HCH, aldrin, endrin, heptachlor and endosulfan residues were detected in broiler meat where as, only DDT and HCH residues were detected in desi chicken meat. The overall concentration of DDT, HCH, aldrin, endrin, heptachlor and endosulfan residues in broiler meat were 0.101, 0.167, 0.085, 0.035, 0.02 and 0.057 ppm, respectively and the overall concentration of DDT and HCH residues in desi chicken meat were 0.05 and 0.03 ppm, respectively. The study revealed that the market samples of desi chicken meat had lower incidence and levels of residues as compared to that of broiler chicken meat samples and the concentration of pesticide residues in both broiler and desi chicken were higher in fat samples compared to meat samples. Further, the levels of pesticide residues recorded in the study were lower than the maximum residue limit prescribed by Food Safety Standards Regulations (Contaminants, toxins and Residues) 2011.Not Availabl

Enumeration of Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Producing Bacteria from Dairy Sewage Samples

Aims: The synthetic polymer plastics have become an integral part of contemporary life. Excess use of plastics and indiscriminate dumping of it in soil and water is polluting the environment. In order to overcome this problem, the production and applications of eco-friendly biodegradable products from microbes are becoming inevitable from the last decade and also are the good alternatives for synthetic polymers.&#x0D; Methods and Results: Polyhydroxyalkanoate producing bacterial strains were confirmed by serial dilution of sewage samples from dairies and pour plating using modified nutrient agar medium with 2% glucose and 0.3% sudan black. Commercial dairy sewage sample from III Dairy showed highest count of PHA producers (3.80 log10cfu/ml) followed by II Dairy (3.68 log10cfu/ml) and I Dairy (3.35 log10cfu/ml). On an average, 70 per cent were PHA producers among TBC of sewage samples.&#x0D; Conclusion: Dairy sewage sample from III Dairy showed highest count of PHA producers (3.80log10cfu/ml)&#x0D; Significance and Impact of the Study: This study provides importance of polyhydroxyalkanoates and their role against synthetic plastic by enumerating the polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) producing bacteria from Dairy sewage samples that can be effectively utilized for the synthesis of bioplastics.</jats:p

Simultaneous detection of food safety hazards (Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes) in table eggs using multiplex PCR

Abstract: Foods are analyzed for food safety hazards in order to comply with food safety standards. Among food-borne pathogens Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes are recognized as major foodborne pathogens of public health significance worldwide. In the present study, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) was used to screen for S. enterica and L. monocytogenes in table eggs collected from different markets (840 eggs). Pooled egg samples categorized as commercial and backyard eggs based on the source of collection. Collected eggs were screened for S. enterica and L. monocytogenes using mPCR assays. Conserved regions viz. invA and prfA genes were targeted for the specific detection of S. enterica and L. monocytogenes, respectively. mPCR and conventional method showed same results, prevalence of S. enterica at 12.5 and 33.3 per cent in commercial and backyard eggs, respectively. While, L. monocytogenes was undetectable in commercial eggs; but, detected only in backyard table egg sample (8.3%). Present study indicated complete concordance between specific pre-enrichment mPCR and conventional cultural methods. Results of the study underscored mPCR as steadfast rapid tool for the screening of table eggs for listed food safety hazards S. enterica and L. monocytogenes in table eggs. Keywords: Eggs; Listeria; mPCR; Public Health; Salmonella</jats:p

Microsatellite based polymorphism and genetic diversity among Indian buffalo breeds

Autosomal microsatellite markers allow estimation of expected heterozygosity and allele frequencies which may reveal the effects of genetic isolation, inbreeding, introgression and subdivision within livestock breeds. In the present study, 7 buffalo breeds (Bhadawari, Jaffrabadi, Murrah, Mehsana, Nagpuri, Pandharpuri and Surti) were studied using a panel of eight microsatellite markers selected based on polymorphic information content (PIC) for buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) species as per the guidelines of Food and Agricultural Organization. Frequency of breedspecific alleles was found lower in all the breeds studied; 4 out of 49 alleles showed a frequency of 8% while only one allele showed &gt;10% frequency. In the present study, highest genetic distance was observed between Murrah and Surti (0.896) indicating their isolated breeding over several generations.</jats:p

Differential expression of miRNAs in skeletal muscles of Indian sheep with diverse carcass and muscle traits

AbstractThe study presents the miRNA profiles of two Indian sheep populations with divergent carcass and muscle traits. The RNA sequencing of longissimus thoracis muscles from the two populations revealed a total of 400 known miRNAs. Myomirs or miRNAs specific to skeletal muscles identified in our data included oar-miR-1, oar-miR-133b, oar-miR-206 and oar-miR-486. Comparison of the two populations led to identification of 100 differentially expressed miRNAs (p &lt; 0.05). A total of 45 miRNAs exhibited a log2 fold change of ≥ ( ±) 3.0. Gene Ontology analysis revealed cell proliferation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, apoptosis, immune response and cell differentiation as the most significant functions of the differentially expressed miRNAs. The differential expression of some miRNAs was validated by qRT-PCR analysis. Enriched pathways included metabolism of proteins and lipids, PI3K-Akt, EGFR and cellular response to stress. The microRNA-gene interaction network revealed miR-21, miR-155, miR-143, miR-221 and miR-23a as the nodal miRNAs, with multiple targets. MicroRNA-21 formed the focal point of the network with 42 interactions. The hub miRNAs identified in our study form putative regulatory candidates for future research on meat quality traits in Indian sheep. Our results provide insight into the biological pathways and regulatory molecules implicated in muscling traits of sheep.</jats:p