Len Yi Part 2

avi videoINTRODUCTION: Sonan Jetsun (Bsod nams rgyal mtshan) filmed this material 12-22 January 2008 in Len yi (Lianyi) Village, Sgong po (Gongbo) Township, Sde rong (Derong) County, Dkar mdzes (Ganzi) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Si khron (Sichuan) Province, PR China. The film features the Tibetan New Year, Bkra shis Temple, and ordinary people's lives in Len yi Village. Sonan Jetsun also edited the material and plans to give it to Len yi villagers on DVD/ VCD. LOCATION: Lianyi Village is 200 kilometers southwest of Sde rong County Town, 550 kilometers from Dar rtse mdo (Kangding) City (the capital of Dkar mdzes Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture). The village has eighty households (560 Tibetans). Each family has an average of seven members, representing three generations. Most villagers were born after 1953. Villagers are agro-pastoralists, followers of the Dge lugs pa (Yellow Sect) of Tibetan Buddhism, and speak a distinctive Tibetan dialect. HORSE RACE: On the fifth day of the Tibetan New Year, a horse race is held on the mountainside. Nearly all the villagers attend the horse race, except for very old people. People ride horses and mules from the bottom of the valley to the valley's highest point. When the race is finished, prizes are given to first, second, and third place winners. After the race, many kha btags (white silk scarf) are tied around the winning animal's neck. LAB RTSE: The featured lab rtse is on 'bru lung Mountain, a twenty minute horse ride from Len yi Village. It was built as a place to make offerings to the mountain deity, A myes 'bru lung. Only men visit this mountain deity. It is believed that the deity will be angry if women climb 'bru lung Mountain. On the second day of the Tibetan New Year, each family sends one man on horseback to visit the mountain deity. They put dar lcog (prayer flags), bamboo, branches of trees, and other things into the lab rtse. Next, they chant prayers and burn bsang in front of the lab rtse, and circumambulate the lab rtse three times. Then, they have a picnic for a few hours beneath the lab rtse. TRADITIONAL CIRCLE DANCE: The circle dance is the most common performance in the village and is performed at such times as wedding parties, a celebration marking the building of a new house, and gatherings during the New Year. People sing as they dance. A stringed instrument (resembling the two-stringed Chinese upright fiddle) known as the bewong in the local dialect is played by men

Len Yi Part 3

avi videoINTRODUCTION: Sonan Jetsun (Bsod nams rgyal mtshan) filmed this material 12-22 January 2008 in Len yi (Lianyi) Village, Sgong po (Gongbo) Township, Sde rong (Derong) County, Dkar mdzes (Ganzi) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Si khron (Sichuan) Province, PR China. The film features the Tibetan New Year, Bkra shis Temple, and ordinary people's lives in Len yi Village. Sonan Jetsun also edited the material and plans to give it to Len yi villagers on DVD/ VCD. LOCATION: Lianyi Village is 200 kilometers southwest of Sde rong County Town, 550 kilometers from Dar rtse mdo (Kangding) City (the capital of Dkar mdzes Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture). The village has eighty households (560 Tibetans). Each family has an average of seven members, representing three generations. Most villagers were born after 1953. Villagers are agro-pastoralists, followers of the Dge lugs pa (Yellow Sect) of Tibetan Buddhism, and speak a distinctive Tibetan dialect. BKRASHIS TEMPLE: Bkrashis Temple is situated in Len yi Village, was established in the eighteenth century, and destroyed during the Cultural Revolution. Lama Byams pa tshul khrims suggested rebuilding the temple due to disease and bad harvests in the local area. Consequently, from 2006-2008, local people raised money and rebuilt the temple. SKAL BZANG SHES RAB (oral interview): Skal bzang shes rab was born in 1930. When he was seven, his father was expelled by the local people due to his status as an 'outsider' and he never saw his father again. Intense poverty forced his mother to send him to a home near the village to work as a servant for the family about eleven years (from the ages of thirteen to twenty-four). At the age of twenty-five, he joined the local militia

精彩的山谷

This song can be sung while dancing at any celebratory gathering. The lyrics describe a happy deer family living in a happy valley. 在任何节日和庆祝聚会上都可以唱这首歌,歌词中叙述了 快乐的鹿一家生活在欢乐的山谷里。This collection contains seven dancing songs collected in Pa bru Village, Skar ma Township, Chab mdo County, Tibet Autonomous Region, PR China by Bsod nams dung mtsho in June 2007

小鸟

This song is sung antiphonally between men and women while dancing at celebratory gatherings and festivals. The lyrics state that the cuckoo is considered an auspicious and lucky bird in Tibetan areas. 男子们和女子们在节日和庆祝聚会上轮流唱这首歌的同 时要跳舞。这首歌的意思是杜鹃在藏区是一只吉利和幸 运的鸟儿.This collection contains seven dancing songs collected in Pa bru Village, Skar ma Township, Chab mdo County, Tibet Autonomous Region, PR China by Bsod nams dung mtsho in June 2007

跳舞好，跳舞很精彩

This song shows people's love and respect for nature and also praises singing and dancing. This song may be sung while dancing at any celebratory gatherings or festivals. 这首歌展现了人们的爱和对自然界的敬仰，他们赞扬唱 歌和跳舞。在任何节日或庆祝聚会上都可以唱这首歌。This collection contains seven dancing songs collected in Pa bru Village, Skar ma Township, Chab mdo County, Tibet Autonomous Region, PR China by Bsod nams dung mtsho in June 2007

Unknown Title

This song is sung antiphonally between men and women while dancing at celebratory gatherings and festivals. 男子和女子们在节日和庆祝聚会上轮流唱这首歌的同时 跳舞。This collection contains seven dancing songs collected in Pa bru Village, Skar ma Township, Chab mdo County, Tibet Autonomous Region, PR China by Bsod nams dung mtsho in June 2007

Changes of movement patterns from early dispersal to settlement

Moving and spatial learning are two intertwined processes: (a) changes in movement behavior determine the learning of the spatial environment, and (b) information plays a crucial role in several animal decision-making processes like movement decisions. A useful way to explore the interactions between movement decisions and learning of the spatial environment is by comparing individual behaviors during the different phases of natal dispersal (when individuals move across more or less unknown habitats) with movements and choices of breeders (who repeatedly move within fixed home ranges), that is, by comparing behaviors between individuals who are still acquiring information vs. individuals with a more complete knowledge of their surroundings. When analyzing movement patterns of eagle owls, Bubo bubo, belonging to three status classes (floaters wandering across unknown environments, floaters already settled in temporary settlement areas, and territory owners with a well-established home range), we found that: (1) wandering individuals move faster than when established in a more stable or fixed settlement area, traveling larger and straighter paths with longer move steps; and (2) when floaters settle in a permanent area, then they show movement behavior similar to territory owners. Thus, movement patterns show a transition from exploratory strategies, when animals have incomplete environmental information, to a more familiar way to exploit their activity areas as they get to know the environment better. © Springer-Verlag 2009.Peer Reviewe

Lessons from integrating behaviour and resource selection: activity-specific responses of African wild dogs to roads

Understanding how anthropogenic features affect species' abilities to move within landscapes is essential to conservation planning and requires accurate assessment of resource selection for movement by focal species. Yet, the extent to which an individual's behavioural state (e.g. foraging, resting, commuting) influences resource selection has largely been ignored. Recent advances in Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking technology can fill this gap by associating distinct behavioural states with location data. We investigated the role of behaviour in determining the responses of an endangered species of carnivore, the African wild dog Lycaon pictus, to one of the most widespread forms of landscape alteration globally: road systems. We collected high‐resolution GPS and activity data from 13 wild dogs in northern Botswana over a 2‐year period. We employed a step selection framework to measure resource selection across three behavioural states identified from activity data (high‐speed running, resting and travelling) and across a gradient of habitats and seasons, and compared these outputs to a full model that did not parse for behaviour. The response of wild dogs to roads varied markedly with both the behavioural and the landscape contexts in which roads were encountered. Specifically, wild dogs selected roads when travelling, ignored roads when high‐speed running and avoided roads when resting. This distinction was not evident when all movement data were considered together in the full model. When travelling, selection for roads increased in denser vegetative environments, suggesting that roads may enhance movement for this species. Our findings indicate that including behavioural information in resource selection models is critical to understanding wildlife responses to landscape features and suggest that successful application of resource selection analyses to conservation planning requires explicit examination of the behavioural contexts in which movement occurs. Thus, behaviour‐specific step selection functions offer a powerful tool for identifying resource selection patterns for animal behaviours of conservation significance

Len Yi Part 1

avi videoINTRODUCTION: Sonan Jetsun (Bsod nams rgyal mtshan) filmed this material 12-22 January 2008 in Len yi (Lianyi) Village, Sgong po (Gongbo) Township, Sde rong (Derong) County, Dkar mdzes (Ganzi) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Si khron (Sichuan) Province, PR China. The film features the Tibetan New Year, Bkra shis Temple, and ordinary people's lives in Len yi Village. Sonan Jetsun also edited the material and plans to give it to Len yi villagers on DVD/ VCD. LOCATION: Lianyi Village is 200 kilometers southwest of Sde rong County Town, 550 kilometers from Dar rtse mdo (Kangding) City (the capital of Dkar mdzes Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture). The village has eighty households (560 Tibetans). Each family has an average of seven members, representing three generations. Most villagers were born after 1953. Villagers are agro-pastoralists, followers of the Dge lugs pa (Yellow Sect) of Tibetan Buddhism, and speak a distinctive Tibetan dialect. LAB RTSE: The featured lab rtse is on 'bru lung Mountain, a twenty minute horse ride from Len yi Village. It was built as a place to make offerings to the mountain deity, A myes 'bru lung. Only men visit this mountain deity. It is believed that the deity will be angry if women climb 'bru lung Mountain. On the second day of the Tibetan New Year, each family sends one man on horseback to visit the mountain deity. They put dar lcog (prayer flags), bamboo, branches of trees, and other things into the lab rtse. Next, they chant prayers and burn bsang in front of the lab rtse, and circumambulate the lab rtse three times. Then, they have a picnic for a few hours beneath the lab rtse. HORSE RACE: On the fifth day of the Tibetan New Year, a horse race is held on the mountainside. Nearly all the villagers attend the horse race, except for very old people. People ride horses and mules from the bottom of the valley to the valley's highest point. When the race is finished, prizes are given to first, second, and third place winners. After the race, many kha btags (white silk scarf) are tied around the winning animal's neck. TRADITIONAL CIRCLE DANCE: The circle dance is the most common performance in the village and is performed at such times as wedding parties, a celebration marking the building of a new house, and gatherings during the New Year. People sing as they dance. A stringed instrument (resembling the two-stringed Chinese upright fiddle) known as the bewong in the local dialect is played by me

藏区的山

People generally sing this song antiphonally between a group of men and a group of women during celebratory gatherings. The lyrics to this song say, "This is the best place in the world. We love it very much and are proud to live here." 通常人们在节日和庆祝聚会上唱这首歌。女子们和男子 们分成两组的同时唱歌跳舞。在这首歌的歌词中提到： “这里是世界上最好的地方，我们很爱这个地方，并且 能够在这里居住而感到非常的自豪。”This collection contains seven dancing songs collected in Pa bru Village, Skar ma Township, Chab mdo County, Tibet Autonomous Region, PR China by Bsod nams dung mtsho in June 2007