Intrusion detection and prevention of web service attacks for software as a service:Fuzzy association rules vs fuzzy associative patterns

Cloud computing inherits all the systems, networks as well asWeb Services’ security vulnerabilities, in particular for software as a service (SaaS), where business applications or services are provided over the Cloud as Web Service (WS). Hence, WS-based applications must be protected against loss of integrity, confidentiality and availability when they are deployed over to the Cloud environment. Many existing IDP systems address only attacks mostly occurring at PaaS and IaaS. In this paper, we present our fuzzy association rule-based (FAR) and fuzzy associative pattern-based (FAP) intrusion detection and prevention (IDP) systems in defending against WS attacks at the SaaS level. Our experimental results have validated the capabilities of these two IDP systems in terms of detection of known attacks and prediction of newvariant attacks with accuracy close to 100%. For each transaction transacted over the Cloud platform, detection, prevention or prediction is carried out in less than five seconds. For load and volume testing on the SaaS where the system is under stress (at a work load of 5000 concurrent users submitting normal, suspicious and malicious transactions over a time interval of 300 seconds), the FAR IDP system provides close to 95% service availability to normal transactions. Future work involves determining more quality attributes besides service availability, such as latency, throughput and accountability for a more trustworthy SaaS

Outra vez Bazárov

Aleksandr Herzen’s epistolar essay was composed in 1868 and presents the author’s acute polemic towards the “new men” of the 1860s, the “children”, according to the category devised by Turgenev in his famed novel. In the text, Herzen, an eminent representative of the generation of the fathers, settles the score with stereotypical views of the generation he belongs to, indicates the “children’s” mistakes, injustices and deviations. Finally, the author steps into the dispute for the philosophical concept of nihilism, reworking it on a new basis.O ensaio epistolar de Aleksandr Herzen foi composto em 1868 e constitui uma acirrada polêmica do autor com “os novos homens” da década de 1860, os “filhos”, segundo a categoria fundada pelo romance de Turguêniev. No texto, Herzen, um eminente representante da geração dos pais, acerta as contas com as representações estereotipadas sobre a geração à qual pertence, apontando os erros injustiças e desvios dos “filhos”,. Por fim, o autor entra na disputa pelo conceito filosófico de niilismo, reelaborando-o em outras bases

The resurrection of the word

The essay “The Resurrection of the Word”, hereby presented in its first translation to Portuguese, was published in 1914 by Viktor Shklovsky. In this text, the author discusses the process of “petrification” – which culminates in the death – of words. This phenomenon can be observed in the everyday use of epithets, but it also affects literary works as a whole, leading words to be merely recognized, and not effectively seen, felt, in its internal or external form. Futurist poetry appears as the experiment that can actually lead to renovation in verbal art, and therefore, enable the resurrection of the word.O ensaio “A ressurreição da palavra”, apresentado aqui em tradução inédita para o português, foi publicado em 1914 por Viktor Chklóvski. Neste texto, o autor discute o processo de “petrificação” – que culmina com a morte – das palavras. Esse fenômeno pode ser observado no uso cotidiano do epíteto, mas afeta também obras literárias inteiras, fazendo com que as palavras sejam apenas reconhecidas, e não efetivamente vistas, sentidas, seja em sua forma interna ou externa. A poesia futurista aparece como o experimento que pode de fato levar à renovação da arte verbal, e conduzir, enfim, à ressurreição da palavra

Study of shape memory effect in stainless steel using compression tests

The shape recovery properties of an Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni-Co based alloy were studied using compression tests. Analyzed were the elastic recovery (Er), shape recovery (Sr) and total shape recovery (T SR = Er + Sr) measurements as a function of training cycles. The results indicated that 3.3 was the best ratio between height (h o = 20 mm) and diameter (φo = 6 mm) to obtain a homogeneous deformation and defined loading curves. A major contribution of T SR was attributed to shape recovery. In the last training cycle, a T SR = 90 % was obtained, where 25% was attributed to Er.As propriedades de recuperação de forma da liga à base de Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni-Co foram estudadas usando ensaio de compressão. Foram analisadas medidas de recuperação elástica (Re), recuperação de forma (Rf) e recuperação de forma total (R T = Re + Rf) em função do número de ciclos de treinamento. Os resultados indicaram que 3,3 foi a melhor razão entre altura (h o = 20 mm) e diâmetro (φo = 6 mm) para se conseguirem uma deformação homogênea e curvas de carregamento bem definidas. A maior contribuição para a R T foi atribuída à recuperação de forma. No último ciclo de treinamento, foi obtida uma R T = 90%, sendo 25% atribuída a Re.493499Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

THE GREEN OCEAN AMAZON EXPERIMENT (GOAMAZON2014/5) OBSERVES POLLUTION AFFECTING GASES, AEROSOLS, CLOUDS, AND RAINFALL OVER THE RAIN FOREST

The susceptibility of air quality, weather, terrestrial ecosystems, and climate to human activities was investigated in a tropical environment.Peer reviewe

MEIOS DE COMBATE A SONEGAÇÃO FISCAL EM DETRIMENTO AO TRIBUTO BRASILEIRO

OBJETIVO DO TRABALHO Visamos por meio de um estudo aprofundado sobre a sonegação, bem como dos meios pela qual ela é praticada e as armas utilizadas para combate-las, demonstrar novas maneiras que podem vir a ser de grande valia no que tange a inibição deste crime econômico que em muito pesa na conta final do País. Intencionamos também enriquecer os trabalhos acerca do assunto, o apresentando de forma compreensível tanto para estudiosos quanto para leigos; reunir dados fornecidos por grandes pesquisadoras acerca do assunto, facilitando assim comparações e a visualização do problema discutido além da teoria, analisando como ele afeta a sociedade diariamente.

Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Background: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk outcome associations. Methods: We used the CRA framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or groups of risks from 1990 to 2017. This study included 476 risk outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from 46 749 randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We explored the relationship between development and risk exposure by modelling the relationship between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and risk-weighted exposure prevalence and estimated expected levels of exposure and risk-attributable burden by SDI. Finally, we explored temporal changes in risk-attributable DALYs by decomposing those changes into six main component drivers of change as follows: (1) population growth; (2) changes in population age structures; (3) changes in exposure to environmental and occupational risks; (4) changes in exposure to behavioural risks; (5) changes in exposure to metabolic risks; and (6) changes due to all other factors, approximated as the risk-deleted death and DALY rates, where the risk-deleted rate is the rate that would be observed had we reduced the exposure levels to the TMREL for all risk factors included in GBD 2017. Findings: In 2017,34.1 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 33.3-35.0) deaths and 121 billion (144-1.28) DALYs were attributable to GBD risk factors. Globally, 61.0% (59.6-62.4) of deaths and 48.3% (46.3-50.2) of DALYs were attributed to the GBD 2017 risk factors. When ranked by risk-attributable DALYs, high systolic blood pressure (SBP) was the leading risk factor, accounting for 10.4 million (9.39-11.5) deaths and 218 million (198-237) DALYs, followed by smoking (7.10 million [6.83-7.37] deaths and 182 million [173-193] DALYs), high fasting plasma glucose (6.53 million [5.23-8.23] deaths and 171 million [144-201] DALYs), high body-mass index (BMI; 4.72 million [2.99-6.70] deaths and 148 million [98.6-202] DALYs), and short gestation for birthweight (1.43 million [1.36-1.51] deaths and 139 million [131-147] DALYs). In total, risk-attributable DALYs declined by 4.9% (3.3-6.5) between 2007 and 2017. In the absence of demographic changes (ie, population growth and ageing), changes in risk exposure and risk-deleted DALYs would have led to a 23.5% decline in DALYs during that period. Conversely, in the absence of changes in risk exposure and risk-deleted DALYs, demographic changes would have led to an 18.6% increase in DALYs during that period. The ratios of observed risk exposure levels to exposure levels expected based on SDI (O/E ratios) increased globally for unsafe drinking water and household air pollution between 1990 and 2017. This result suggests that development is occurring more rapidly than are changes in the underlying risk structure in a population. Conversely, nearly universal declines in O/E ratios for smoking and alcohol use indicate that, for a given SDI, exposure to these risks is declining. In 2017, the leading Level 4 risk factor for age-standardised DALY rates was high SBP in four super-regions: central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia; north Africa and Middle East; south Asia; and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania. The leading risk factor in the high-income super-region was smoking, in Latin America and Caribbean was high BMI, and in sub-Saharan Africa was unsafe sex. O/E ratios for unsafe sex in sub-Saharan Africa were notably high, and those for alcohol use in north Africa and the Middle East were notably low. Interpretation: By quantifying levels and trends in exposures to risk factors and the resulting disease burden, this assessment offers insight into where past policy and programme efforts might have been successful and highlights current priorities for public health action. Decreases in behavioural, environmental, and occupational risks have largely offset the effects of population growth and ageing, in relation to trends in absolute burden. Conversely, the combination of increasing metabolic risks and population ageing will probably continue to drive the increasing trends in non-communicable diseases at the global level, which presents both a public health challenge and opportunity. We see considerable spatiotemporal heterogeneity in levels of risk exposure and risk-attributable burden. Although levels of development underlie some of this heterogeneity, O/E ratios show risks for which countries are overperforming or underperforming relative to their level of development. As such, these ratios provide a benchmarking tool to help to focus local decision making. Our findings reinforce the importance of both risk exposure monitoring and epidemiological research to assess causal connections between risks and health outcomes, and they highlight the usefulness of the GBD study in synthesising data to draw comprehensive and robust conclusions that help to inform good policy and strategic health planning

Determination of the mechanical properties of epsilon martensite by nanoindentation in shape memory stainless alloys

ABSTRACT This work presents a hardness study and elastic modulus for the ε-martensite and γ-austenite phases of an iron based shape memory alloy. Using instrumented indentation, it was possible to determine the hardness and elasticity modulus of these phases separately. The martensitic phase presented a hardness of 7.0 GPa and the austenitic phase presented a hardness of 3.0 GPa. The elastic modulus values were 202 and 137 GPa for the martensitic and austenitic phases, respectively.RESUMO Esse trabalho apresenta um estudo da dureza e do mee austenita-γ da liga inoxidável à base de ferro com efeito de memória de forma. Utilizando indentação instrumentada, foi possível determinar a dureza e o módulo de elasticidade das fases austenita-γ e martensita-ε separadamente. A fase martensítica apresentou uma dureza de 7,0 GPa, enquanto que a dureza da fase austenítica foi de 3,0 GPa. Os valores de módulo de elasticidade foram 202 e 137 GPa, para as fases martensita e austenita, respectivamente.3944Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Kinetics of Decelerated Melting

International audienceMelting presents one of the most prominent phenomena in condensed matter science. Its microscopic understanding, however, is still fragmented, ranging from simplistic theory to the observation of melting point depressions. Here, a multimethod experimental approach is combined with computational simulation to study the microscopic mechanism of melting between these two extremes. Crystalline structures are exploited in which melting occurs into a metastable liquid close to its glass transition temperature. The associated sluggish dynamics concur with real‐time observation of homogeneous melting. In‐depth information on the structural signature is obtained from various independent spectroscopic and scattering methods, revealing a step‐wise nature of the transition before reaching the liquid state. A kinetic model is derived in which the first reaction step is promoted by local instability events, and the second is driven by diffusive mobility. Computational simulation provides further confirmation for the sequential reaction steps and for the details of the associated structural dynamics. The successful quantitative modeling of the low‐temperature decelerated melting of zeolite crystals, reconciling homogeneous with heterogeneous processes, should serve as a platform for understanding the inherent instability of other zeolitic structures, as well as the prolific and more complex nanoporous metal–organic frameworks

Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana: um estudo abrangendo macrorregiões brasileiras com enfoque nos anos de 2013 a 2018

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as características epidemiológicas da Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana a partir da identificação de indivíduos das macrorregiões brasileiras para, dessa forma, correlacionar a influência geográfica na etiologia da doença e orientar os indivíduos das regiões mais afetadas sobre medidas de profilaxia. Foi então desenvolvido, sob caráter descritivo de abordagem quantitativa, através da coleta de dados secundários de todos os estados do Brasil, que foram assentados com base nas variáveis de ano de diagnóstico, região de notificação, macrorregiões, forma clínica e evolução do caso. Posteriormente, esses dados foram utilizados para o cálculo de proporções e taxas de incidência no Brasil. Analisados, mostraram informações como um grande salto no número de casos da doença, principalmente entre 2014-2015 e 2017-2018; a importância do tratamento e cura, que se não realizados, podem levar a óbito apesar do baixo nível de letalidade e mortalidade da LTA; o uso preferível do método Clínico Laboratorial no diagnóstico por questões práticas e rápidas; a forma cutânea mais recorrente quando comparada a mucosa; e que a faixa etária mais acometida em todas as regiões é entre os 20 e 59 anos