Response of cell wall composition and RNA-seq transcriptome to methyl-jasmonate in Brachypodium distachyon callus

Main conclusion: Methyl-jasmonate induces large increases in p-coumarate linked to arabinoxylan in Brachypodium and in abundance of GT61 and BAHD family transcripts consistent with a role in synthesis of this linkage. Jasmonic acid (JA) signalling is required for many stress responses in plants, inducing large changes in the transcriptome, including up-regulation of transcripts associated with lignification. However, less is known about the response to JA of grass cell walls and the monocot-specific features of arabinoxylan (AX) synthesis and acylation by ferulic acid (FA) and para-coumaric acid (pCA). Here, we show that methyl-jasmonate (MeJA) induces moderate increases in FA monomer, > 50% increases in FA dimers, and five–sixfold increases in pCA ester-linked to cell walls in Brachypodium callus. Direct measurement of arabinose acylated by pCA (Araf-pCA) indicated that most or all the increase in cell-wall pCA was due to pCA ester-linked to AX. Analysis of the RNA-seq transcriptome of the callus response showed that these cell-wall changes were accompanied by up-regulation of members of the GT61 and BAHD gene families implicated in AX decoration and acylation; two BAHD paralogues were among the most up-regulated cell-wall genes (seven and fivefold) after 24 h exposure to MeJA. Similar responses to JA of orthologous BAHD and GT61 transcripts are present in the RiceXPro public expression data set for rice seedlings, showing that they are not specific to Brachypodium or to callus. The large response of AX-pCA to MeJA may, therefore, indicate an important role for this linkage in response of primary cell walls of grasses to JA signalling

Correlação entre autoestima e grau de severidade da disfunção temporomandibular em sujeitos controle e afetados

INTRODUCTION: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) have association with psychological manifestations. OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to correlate the severity of TMD and the level of self-esteem, and to investigate sex‑related differences. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We evaluated 57 subjects of both gender, with mean age of 20.28 ± 2.07 years, through the Fonseca Anamnesis Index (FAI) and Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSS). Correlations between variables were performed using the Spearman correlation coefficient; comparisons between the genders were performed using the Mann-Whitney test. It was considered a significance level of 5%. RESULT: No differences were found for the comparisons between the gender in the FAI (p = 0.79) and the RSS (p = 0.90). RSS correlates with the FAI in women (p = 0.01), but in men this result does not occur (p = 0.07). CONCLUSION: We concluded that women are more likely to have emotional disturbances resulting from changes in the temporomandibular joint than men.INTRODUÇÃO: A disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) apresenta associação com manifestações psicológicas. OBJETIVO: Os objetivos deste estudo foram correlacionar o grau de severidade da DTM e o nível de autoestima, e investigar diferenças relacionadas ao gênero. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 57 sujeitos de ambos os gêneros, com idade média de 20,28 ± 2,07 anos, por meio do Índice Anamnésico de Fonseca (IAF) e da Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg (EAR). As correlações entre as variáveis foram avaliadas por meio do coeficiente de correlação de Spearman; as comparações entre os gêneros foram realizadas com a utilização do teste Mann-Whitney. Foi considerado um nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADO: Não foram encontradas diferenças para as comparações entre os gêneros no IAF (p = 0,79) e na EAR (p = 0,90). A EAR se correlacionou com o IAF em mulheres (p = 0,01); contudo, em homens, este resultado não ocorreu (p = 0,07). CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que as mulheres são mais propensas a apresentar distúrbios emocionais decorrentes de alterações na articulação temporomandibular do que os homens.Univ Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Educação FísicaUniversidade Metodista de Piracicaba Faculdade de Ciências da SaúdeUniv Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Curso de FisioterapiaUniv Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Departamento de Educação EspecialUniv Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Educação FísicaUniv Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Curso de FisioterapiaUniv Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Departamento de Educação Especia

Arabidopsis lox3 lox4 double mutants are male sterile and defective in global proliferative arrest.

Fertility and flower development are both controlled in part by jasmonates, fatty acid-derived mediators produced via the activity of 13-lipoxygenases (13-LOXs). The Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia-0 reference genome is predicted to encode four of these enzymes and it is already known that one of these, LOX2, is dispensable for fertility. In this study, the roles of the other three 13-LOXs (LOX3, LOX4 and LOX6) were investigated in single and double mutants. Four independent lox3 lox4 double mutants assembled with different mutated lox3 and lox4 alleles had fully penetrant floral phenotypes, displaying abnormal anther maturation and defective dehiscence. The plants were no longer self-fertile and pollen was not viable. Fertility in the double mutant was restored genetically by complementation with either the LOX3 or the LOX4 cDNAs and biochemically with exogenous jasmonic acid. Furthermore, deficiency in LOX3 and LOX4 causes developmental dysfunctions, compared to wild type; lox3 lox4 double mutants are taller and develop more inflorescence shoots and flowers. Further analysis revealed that developmental arrest in the lox3 lox4 inflorescence occurs with the production of an abnormal carpelloid flower. This distinguishes lox3 lox4 mutants from the wild type where developmentally typical flower buds are the terminal inflorescence structures observed in both the laboratory and in nature. Our studies of lox3 lox4 as well as other jasmonic acid biosynthesis and perception mutants show that this plant hormone is not only required for male fertility but also involved in global proliferative arrest