Ajuvant effect of a Synthetic Aluminium - Magnesium Silicate on chloroquine phosphate, against Plasmodium berghei.

Abstract effect of a synthetic Aluminium - Magnesium Silicate (AMS) on antiplasmodial activity of chloroquine was tested. Plasmodium berghei-infected mice were treated with 7 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg chloroquine, respectively. The two subgroups in each experiment were treated with chloroquine alone and with chloroquine in AMS respectively. Parasitaemia (%) of the group treated with 7 mg/kg was higher than that of the control. At 5 mg/kg, chloroquine treatment significantly reduced parasitaemia from 3.60 to 2.46 (P =0.01). Incorporating chloroquine in AMS significantly improved its ability to reduce P. berghei parasitaemia at 5 mgkg and at 3 mg/kg, from 2.46 0.21 to 1.57 0.25 (P = 0.01) and from 3.82 0.06 to 2.12 0.08 (P =0.01 ). It also increased mortality of mice treated at 7 mg/kg from 20 to 80 %

Vibration-Based Structural Health Monitoring: Theoretical Foundations and Experimental Validation on Reinforced Concrete Beams

Quick identification of damages in structures is of great importance to engineers. Among the various techniques available for the evaluation of reinforced concrete structural integrity, non-destructive tests method remain a viable one as its use can lead to speedy decisions that bring savings on repairs or replacement of damaged reinforced concrete structures. This research uses modal parameter-based non- destructive tests to assess damages in reinforced concrete beams under static load. Four-point static loadings were applied to the 3 RC beams to induce three damage scenarios. After each static loading, a dynamic test was performed to access the degree of stiffness degradation. Modal frequencies and mode shapes obtained depicts clearly the stiffness degradations of the beams as the severity of damages on the beams became more pronounced. Results obtained showed that the research procedure adopted is a smart approach for damage assessment in reinforced concrete element

Aluminium - Magnesium Silicate enhances antibacterial activity of Ampicillin trihydrate, against Salmonella gallinarum

Solutions of different concentrations, of Ampicillin trihydrate (AT) and of a formulation of AT in Aluminium Magnesium Silicate (AMS), were used for sensitivity test on Salmonella gallinarum cultures. Also, S. gallinarum-infected chicks were treated with; 10 mg / Kg (AT), 10 mg / Kg (AT in AMS), 7.5 mg / Kg ( AT), 7.5 mg /Kg (AT in AMS). Mean inhibition area, 28.39 mm produced by AT did not vary significantly (P ) from 26.36 mm produced by AT in AMS. However, 17.5 105 Salmonella gallinarum culture forming units per ml of bile of the untreated chicks and 3.4 105 (80.58 % reduction), 2.5 105 (85.7 % reduction) , 5.4 105 (69.2 % reduction ) and 0.38 105 (97.8 % reduction ) of the respective treated groups, showed AMS significantly (P 0.01) improved AT`s ability to clear the infection, in vivo

Environmental and economic impacts of crude oil and natural gas production in developing countries

As much as the production of crude oil and natural gas generate enormous costs on the environment, it also directly impacts on the economy of the producing state. The later, among other reasons, is the motive for investing huge capital in the industry. This paper addresses the motives for the production of crude oil and natural gas; identifying the components of these products that are toxic to the environment and public health. Apart from highlighting the economic benefits accruing to the producing countries and her citizens, the study universally looked through the processes and products involved in crude oil and natural gas production and pointed out the impacts of these processes and products on the environment and the health of the public. It is believed that a complete understanding of the interplay between these processes and products with the environment will aid producing companies as well as governments of producing nations make better decisions on the strategies to minimize the effects of production activities on the environment and the health of the public

Effect of Climate Change Pollutants on the Corrosion Rate of Steel in Rural, Urban and Industrial Environments

Ever since industrial revolution, the world climatic conditions have been deteriorating due to the ever increasing amount of air pollutants injected into the atmosphere. This has adversely affected the health of living organism, plants and the environment that host them. Building structures are not left out in the devastating effects of air pollution as metallic components are easily oxidized leading to corrosion. Corrosion of steel materials due to environmental pollutants has become an issue of great concern to researchers all over the world. This paper looked at the effect of climate pollutants in the air as they affect weathering steel in rural, urban and industrial environment. The corrosion process in steel over time and how it varies in rural, urban and industrial environments were considered. The overall objective of this work is to underscore the factors that have impact on the progressive deterioration of materials exposed to atmospheric weathering. The climate and air pollution parameters that affect material losses are identified and their numeric values obtained vie dose response functions. The results obtained show tha

Census and ear-notching of black rhinos (Diceros bicornis michaeli) in Tsavo East National Park, Kenya

This paper updates the status of the black rhino population in Tsavo East National Park (NP). Data were acquired through aerial counts of the black rhino between 3 and 9 October 2010 using three fixed-wing husky aircrafts and a Bell 206L helicopter in an area of about 3,300 km2. Based on previous sightings of rhinos, the area was divided into 14 blocks, with each block subdivided into 400 m transects. An aircraft flying at about 500 m above the ground was assigned to carry out the aerial survey following these transects within each block. Observers scanned for rhinos about 200 m on either sides of the flight paths. Intensive searches in areas with dense vegetation, especially along the Galana and Voi Rivers and other known rhino range areas was also carried out by both the huskies and the helicopter. The count resulted in sighting of 11 black rhinos. Seven of these individuals were ear notched and fitted with radio transmitters and the horns were tipped off to discourage poaching. Three of the seven captured rhinos were among the 49 animals translocated to Tsavo East between 1993 and 1999. The other four animals were born in Tsavo East. Two female rhinos and their calves were not ear-notched or fitted with transmitters. It is recommended that another count be carried out immediately after the wet season as the rhinos spend more time in the open areas while the vegetation is still green. The repeat aerail count is to include blocks north of River Galana