Asymptomatic Esophageal Varices Should Be Endoscopically Treated

Endoscopic treatment has generally been accepted in the management of bleeding esophageal varices. Both the control of acute variceal bleeding and elective variceal eradication to prevent recurrent bleeding can be achieved via endoscopic methods. In contrast to acute and elective treatment, the role of endoscopic therapy in asymptomatic patients who have never had variceal bleeding remains controversial because of the rather disappointing results obtained from prophylactic sclerotherapy. Most published randomized controlled trials showed that prophylactic sclerotherapy had no effect on survival. In some studies, neither survival rate nor bleeding risk was improved. In this article, the author champions the view that asymptomatic esophageal varices should be endoscopically treated

2D segment model for a bi-layer electrolyte solid oxide fuel cell

2014-2015 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalAccepted ManuscriptPublishe

Kajian kefahaman dasar kesejahteraan keluarga dalam governan masyarakat majmuk di Sarawak daripada perspektif siasah syar’iyyah / Awang Nib Zuhairi Awang Ahmad

Permasalahan pengetahuan serta kefahaman terhadap dasar kesejahteraan keluarga daripada perspektif siasah syar’iyyah merupakan isu yang akan menentukan gaya pentadbiran dan pengurusan kerajaan. Pemerintah dan masyarakat majmuk yang tidak memahami elemen serta prinsip dasar kesejahteraan keluarga yang sebenar akan menjerumuskan negara dan masyarakat majmuk ke dalam situasi yang tidak harmoni dan sejahtera. Justeru itu, tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk meneroka dasar kesejahteraan keluarga menurut pandangan ulama dalam bidang siasah syar’iyyah dan mengekplorasi dasar-dasar kesejahteraan keluarga yang dilaksanakan dalam governan masyarakat majmuk di Sarawak. Selain itu, kajian turut menganalisis kefahaman responden terhadap elemen siasah syar’iyyah dalam pembentukan dasar kesejahteraan keluarga governan di Sarawak dan mendedahkan petunjuk utama siasah syar’iyyah dalam dasar kesejahteraan keluarga governan di Sarawak. Metodologi kajian ialah mengaplikasikan metod campuran (mixed metode) iaitu kuantitatif melalui soal selidik dan kualitatif melalui temu bual. Kajian ini melibatkan 500 responden soal selidik dalam pelbagai latar belakang kepercayaan dan etnik yang dipilih daripada penjawat awam negeri Sarawak, agensi berkaitan kerajaan, ketua masyarakat dan lain-lain pekerjaan. Data yang diperolehi melalui soal selidik telah dianalisis menggunakan program SPSS versi 22. Untuk itu statistik deskriptif seperti frekuensi, peratusan, min dan statistik jadual silang (cross tabulation) digunakan bagi menerangkan latar belakang responden dan menilai tahap pengetahuan serta kefahaman mereka terhadap dasar kesejahteraan keluarga dalam governan masyarakat majmuk di Sarawak berdasarkan perspektif siasah syar’iyyah

Tangential Film Verification for Lung Volume Involvement in Breast Cancer Radiation Treatment: East Coast Malaysia Experience

Post mastectomy or lumpectomy irradiation of the chest wall or breast is common practice to minimize the local recurrences. Chest wall irradiation is a complicated technical procedure as the pathological target volume involves the normal structures like lung, heart, and head of humerus, esophagus and trachea known as organ at risk. The aim of this study was to verify the cases of the conventional tangential field technique among the breast cancer patients from year 2006 to 2011. In this study, the previous data of breast cancer patients treated with radiation from 2006 to 2011 were evaluated. Conventional 2D planning was done by taking body contour of the patient. Tangential verification films were taken in patients where excess of lung volume was suspected. The data was analyzed to verify the real lung volume irradiated. From a total 112 patients underwent tangential verification films during that period, 33% of patients underwent breast conservative surgery (BCS) while the rest underwent mastectomy. The depth of the field from the skin to 90% isodose ranges from 2.0 to 8.0 cm. However, 15 (13.4%) out 112 patients needed a replanning. As a conclusion, from 112 cases, the numbers of re-plan cases for year 2006 to 2011 were only 13 (11.61%) which is less than 15%. This result can be used by the centre who no dot have the facilities for simulation to verify the depth dose in 2D planning

Asymptomatic Esophageal Varices Should Be Endoscopically Treated

Endoscopic treatment has generally been accepted in the management of bleeding esophageal varices. Both the control of acute variceal bleeding and elective variceal eradication to prevent recurrent bleeding can be achieved via endoscopic methods. In contrast to acute and elective treatment, the role of endoscopic therapy in asymptomatic patients who have never had variceal bleeding remains controversial because of the rather disappointing results obtained from prophylactic sclerotherapy. Most published randomized controlled trials showed that prophylactic sclerotherapy had no effect on survival. In some studies, neither survival rate nor bleeding risk was improved. In this article, the author champions the view that asymptomatic esophageal varices should be endoscopically treated