Pathways to manage cascading risks and protect people in South Asia : key takeaways for stakeholders

In South Asia, against a backdrop of existing critical socioeconomic vulnerabilities, the deluge of weather events starting from cyclones, to floods to the related outbreaks of water/vector-borne diseases demonstrate how disaster impacts cascade and converge and threaten the very chains that hold economic and social systems together. South Asian countries have always been highly vulnerable to natural disasters. But for the first time in living memory, these natural disasters have hit amid a global pandemic. At present, South Asia presents three cascading risk scenarios – 1) climate extremes – floods, cyclone, landslides, and drought given critical socio-economic vulnerabilities, 2) its intersection with rapidly spreading COVID -19, and 3) the nexus with water/vector borne diseases emanating from the climate extremes amid the rapidly spreading COVID-19. To address these issues and to provide concrete support to build back better efforts, this policy study on COVID-19 will discuss the pathways available to countries to build back better and articulate the operational mechanisms that can be used to address cascading risk scenarios, protect the people and opportunities, and provide policy guidance to shape the future management of cascading hazards

Disaster diplomacy in Jammu and Kashmir

Disaster diplomacy investigates how and why disaster-related activities do and do not influence conflict and cooperation. Studies into the topic so far have tended to develop the theory, analyse a specific case study in space and time, or connect both. Explorations of disaster diplomacy case studies over the long-term are so far absent from the literature. This paper explores Jammu and Kashmir in the Himalaya as a long-term case study for disaster diplomacy. Jammu and Kashmir has a long history of conflicts, multiple environmental hazards, and significant vulnerabilities yielding major disasters, with each topic generally addressed separately in the literature. This paper explores the intersection of vulnerabilities to environmental hazards and violent conflict for Jammu and Kashmir throughout its history. The analysis validates and refines previous disaster diplomacy conclusions. First, violent conflicts in Jammu and Kashmir cannot be shown to be either created or ended by environmental hazard incidences. Second, when vulnerabilities create disasters from environmental hazards, then short-term influences on violent conflict are sometimes seen, but these influences are not witnessed over a long time period