Pengaruh Return On Invesment (Roi) dan Return On Equity (Roe) terhadap Price Book Value (Studi pada Pеrusahaan Propеrty dan Rеal еState yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2012-2015)

The purpose of this study is to determine the еffеct of Rеturn On Invеstmеnt (ROI) аnd Return On Equity (ROE) to Price Book Vаlue. This study uses property аnd reаl estаte compаny аs а sаmple of 14 compаnies. The selection of the sаmple wаs done by purposive sаmpling technique from 44 populаtion. Dependent vаriаble is Price Book Value (PBV) while the independent vаriаble is Rеturn On Invеstment (ROI) аnd Return On Equity (ROE) will be tested influence to Price Book Vаlue (PBV) together or pаrtiаlly using SPSS (Stаtistics Pаckаge for The School Science) version 22.00 for windows. Dаtа collection is obtаined from the Indonesiа Stock Exchаnge website in the form of finаnciаl stаtements of eаch compаny for the period of 2012-2015. Thе rеsults of this study jointly stаtes thаt Return On Investment (ROI) аnd Return On Equity (ROE) significаntly influence the Price Book Vаlue (PBV) property аnd reаl estаte sub-sector listed in Indonesiа Stock Exchаnge period 2012-2015. Аnd the results of reseаrch pаrtiаlly stаtes thаt Rеturn On Invеstmеnt (ROI) does not significаntly influence Price Book Vаlue (PBV) аnd Return On Equity (ROE) pаrtiаlly significаnt effect on Price Book Vаlue (PBV). Keywords : Property and Real Estate, Profitability, Corporate Value ABSTRАK Tujuаn penelitiаn ini аdаlаh untuk mengetаhui pengаruh Return On Invesment (ROI) dаn Return On Equity (ROE) terhаdаp Price Book Vаlue . Penelitiаn ini menggunаkаn Perusаhааn property dаn reаl estаte sebаgаi sаmpel penelitiаn sebаnyаk 14 Perusаhааn. Pemilihаn dаri sаmpel dilаkukаn dengаn teknik purpose sаmpling dаri 44 populаsi. Vаriаbel dependennyа аdаlаh Price Book Value (PBV) sedаngkаn vаriаbel independennyа аdаlаh Return On Invesment (ROI) dаn Return On Equity (ROE) аkаn diuji pengаruh terhаdаp Price Book Vаlue (PBV) secаrа bersаmа-sаmа аtаu pаrsiаl dengаn menggunаkаn bаntuаn progrаm SPSS (Stаtistics Pаckаge for the School Science) versi 22,00 for windows. Pengаmbilаn dаtа diperoleh dаri website Bursа Efek Indonesiа berupа lаporаn keuаngаn tiаp Perusаhааn periode tаhun 2012-2015. Hаsil penelitiаn ini secаrа bersаmа-sаmа menyаtаkаn bаhwа Return On Invesment (ROI) dаn Return On Equity (ROE) berpengаruh signifikаn terhаdаp Price Book Vаlue (PBV) sub sektor property dаn reаl estаte yаng terdаftаr di Bursа Efek Indonesiа periode 2012-2015. Dаn hаsil penilitiаn secаrа pаrsiаl menyаtаkаn bаhwа Return On Invesment (ROI) tidаk berpengаruh siginifikаn terhаdаp Price Book Vаlue (PBV) dаn Return On Equity (ROE) secаrа pаrsiаl berpengаruh signifikаn terhаdаp Price Book Vаlue (PBV)

IMPACT OF ROTATORY VESTIBULAR STIMULATION AND CURCUMA LONGA ON SPATIAL LEARNING AND MEMORY IN WISTAR ALBINO RATS

ABSTRACTObjective: This study was aimed at investigating the effect of rotatory vestibular stimulation and the capacity of the powerful antioxidant curry spiceCurcuma longa (turmeric) on neuromorphological and brain cholinesterase activity in rats to analyze the behavioral changes and cognition in healthyWistar albino rats.Methods: A total of 72 adult male Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned into four groups. For Group A (control group) neither vestibularstimulation nor the turmeric was administered, Group B (rotatory vestibular stimulated group), rotatory vestibular stimulation was given for5 minutes in a rotatory vestibular apparatus at a rate of 50 revolutions per minute in clockwise direction for 30 days, Group C (turmeric alone) treatedwith 2 mg/kg of turmeric for 30 days, Group D (turmeric+vestibular), treated with 2 mg/kg of turmeric followed by 5 minutes of rotatory vestibularstimulation for 30 days.Results: Group B shows improvement in learning via a reduction in number of trails for acquisition and retention, and an increase in dendriticbranching points and intersections and also a reduction in acetylcholinesterase level.Conclusion: Rotatory vestibular stimulation provides improvement in cognition via neuromorphological and biochemical changes than rotatoryvestibular stimulation and turmeric in combination and turmeric alone, though there is no significant difference between the treated groups.Rotatory vestibular stimulation in combination with turmeric (Group D) shows a nonsignificant increase in dendritic arborization ensures a longlasting promising effect in cognition enhancement through a long period of treatment. Further detailed study on combination of rotatory vestibularstimulation and turmeric is required to explore the mechanism of therapeutic action of this intervention as a useful remedy for the management ofcognitive disorders. Keywords: Rotatory vestibular stimulation, Turmeric, Learning and memory, Hippocampal neuron

Modelling of sPn phases for reliable estimation of focal depths in northeastern India

In North East India, reliable estimation of earthquake focal depths has always been a problem, owing to paucity of permanent regional seismic stations, constraints on good quality data and lack of crustal models in a complex tectonic terrane. The depth estimations by international agencies, mostly based on teleseismic data, vary from very shallow to even 60 km, suggestive of earthquake occurrence in the upper mantle region. However, modelling of sPn phases in earthquake waveforms that are highly sensitive to focal depths indicates that the earthquake locations are probably well within the crustal layer. The current method has the advantage that dt, the travel time difference between sPn and Pn, remains constant for a wide range of source-station distances, and hence enables easy identification of the sPn phase, while providing direct and accurate estimate of the focal depth. The approach is also insensitive to location errors and variations in crustal models, a useful feature especially while dealing with sparse data with high location errors. In the present study, earthquakes in the magnitude range 3.0-4.0 recorded by a network of nine broadband stations in NE India have been analysed. Consistent dt values at different stations were observed for each event, enabling precise depth estimation mostly within ±1 or 2 km. In general, depths of 15-20 km in the Shillong plateau region, >20 km in the Sylhet basin region and shallow <10 km in the eastern Himalayan foothills are confirmed, that correlate well with the local tectonics. Further, we propose that the flat characteristics of the dt curve that begin to change for earthquakes below the Moho, can be a potential tool for discriminating between crustal and sub-crustal earthquakes, as well as for delineation of the Moho using dense regional seismic networks in future

Preparation and characterization of alginate and gelatin microcapsules containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus

ABSTRACT This paper describes the preparation and characterization of alginate beads coated with gelatin and containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Capsules were obtained by extrusion method using CaCl2 as cross linker. An experimental design was performed using alginate and gelatin concentrations as the variables investigated, while the response variable was the concentration of viable cells. Beads were characterized in terms of size, morphology, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), moisture content, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR), thermal behavior and cell viability during storage. The results showed that the highest concentration of viable cells (4.2 x 109 CFU/g) was obtained for 1 % w/v of alginate and 0.1 % w/v of gelatin. Capsules were predominantly spherical with a rough surface, a narrow size distribution ranging from 1.53 to 1.90 mm and a moisture content of 97.70 ± 0.03 %. Furthermore, FTIR and thermogravimetric analysis indicated an interaction between alginate-gelatin. Cell concentration of alginate/gelatin microcapsules was 105 CFU/g after 4 months of storage at 8 oC

Effect of vitamin E (Tri E®) on antioxidant enzymes and DNA damage in rats following eight weeks exercise

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Exercise is beneficial to health, but during exercise the body generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are known to result in oxidative stress. The present study analysed the effects of vitamin E (Tri E^®) on antioxidant enzymes; superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (Cat) activity and DNA damage in rats undergoing eight weeks exercise.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Twenty four <it>Sprague-Dawley </it>rats (weighing 320-370 gm) were divided into four groups; a control group of sedentary rats which were given a normal diet, second group of sedentary rats with oral supplementation of 30 mg/kg/d of Tri E^®, third group comprised of exercised rats on a normal diet, and the fourth group of exercised rats with oral supplementation of 30 mg/kg/d of Tri E^®. The exercising rats were trained on a treadmill for 30 minutes per day for 8 weeks. Blood samples were taken before and after 8 weeks of the study to determine SOD, GPx, Cat activities and DNA damage.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>SOD activity decreased significantly in all the groups compared to baseline, however both exercised groups showed significant reduction in SOD activity as compared to the sedentary groups. Sedentary control groups showed significantly higher GPx and Cat activity compared to baseline and exercised groups. The supplemented groups, both exercised and non exercised groups, showed significant decrease in Cat activity as compared to their control groups with normal diet. DNA damage was significantly higher in exercising rats as compared to sedentary control. However in exercising groups, the DNA damage in supplemented group is significantly lower as compared to the non-supplemented group.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>In conclusion, antioxidant enzymes activity were generally reduced in rats supplemented with Tri E^®probably due to its synergistic anti-oxidative defence, as evidenced by the decrease in DNA damage in Tri E^®supplemented exercise group.</p

Dissipative and Non-dissipative Single-Qubit Channels: Dynamics and Geometry

Single-qubit channels are studied under two broad classes: amplitude damping channels and generalized depolarizing channels. A canonical derivation of the Kraus representation of the former, via the Choi isomorphism is presented for the general case of a system's interaction with a squeezed thermal bath. This isomorphism is also used to characterize the difference in the geometry and rank of these channel classes. Under the isomorphism, the degree of decoherence is quantified according to the mixedness or separability of the Choi matrix. Whereas the latter channels form a 3-simplex, the former channels do not form a convex set as seen from an ab initio perspective. Further, where the rank of generalized depolarizing channels can be any positive integer upto 4, that of amplitude damping ones is either 2 or 4. Various channel performance parameters are used to bring out the different influences of temperature and squeezing in dissipative channels. In particular, a noise range is identified where the distinguishability of states improves inspite of increasing decoherence due to environmental squeezing.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure

Glycolate Oxidase Isozymes Are Coordinately Controlled by GLO1 and GLO4 in Rice

Glycolate oxidase (GLO) is a key enzyme in photorespiratory metabolism. Four putative GLO genes were identified in the rice genome, but how each gene member contributes to GLO activities, particularly to its isozyme profile, is not well understood. In this study, we analyzed how each gene plays a role in isozyme formation and enzymatic activities in both yeast cells and rice tissues. Five GLO isozymes were detected in rice leaves. GLO1 and GLO4 are predominately expressed in rice leaves, while GLO3 and GLO5 are mainly expressed in the root. Enzymatic assays showed that all yeast-expressed GLO members except GLO5 have enzymatic activities. Further analyses suggested that GLO1, GLO3 and GLO4 interacted with each other, but no interactions were observed for GLO5. GLO1/GLO4 co-expressed in yeast exhibited the same isozyme pattern as that from rice leaves. When either GLO1 or GLO4 was silenced, expressions of both genes were simultaneously suppressed and most of the GLO activities were lost, and consistent with this observation, little GLO isozyme protein was detected in the silenced plants. In contrast, no observable effect was detected when GLO3 was suppressed. Comparative analyses between the GLO isoforms expressed in yeast and the isozymes from rice leaves indicated that two of the five isozymes are homo-oligomers composed of either GLO1 or GLO4, and the other three are hetero-oligomers composed of both GLO1 and GLO4. Our current data suggest that GLO isozymes are coordinately controlled by GLO1 and GLO4 in rice, and the existence of GLO isozymes and GLO molecular and compositional complexities implicate potential novel roles for GLO in plants

Effects of hydroxycinnamic acid esters on sweetpotato weevil feeding and oviposition and interactions with Bacillus thuringiensis proteins

Sweetpotato weevil (SPW) pest management is challenging because the pest target is sub-terranean, so the application of pesticides is impractical and usually ineffective. Host plant resistance and the genetic transformation of sweetpotatoes to produce entomotoxic Bt proteins offer potential for environmentally benign pest control. Resistance can be conferred by naturally occurring hydroxycinnamic acids which protect against oviposition by adults, but these compounds are restricted to the root surface so do not protect against the cortex bound larvae where the greatest damage occurs. Resistance could be enhanced if combined with expression of Bt proteins in transformed plants but interactions between hydroxycinnamic acids and Bt proteins remain unknown. Here the bioactivity of Cry7Aa1 protein and hydroxycinnamic acid esters was evaluated individually and in combination against SPW larvae and mortality determined. Low and high concentrations of hydroxycinnamic acid esters alone caused significantly higher mortality of both weevil species in all experiments compared to the control. SPW larval mortality was greater when tested as a combination of hydroxycinnamic acid esters and Bt protein but this effect was additive not synergistic. Although we report no evidence of antagonistic interactions the antifeedant effects of the plant compounds conferring host plant resistance could have reduced consumption of the Bt protein in our assays leading to a lower efficacy when combined. Further work is required to determine if the toxic effects of Bt proteins function alongside host plant resistance in sweetpotato under field conditions

Influence of Stacking Sequence on the Mechanical and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Cotton/Glass Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composites

This study focuses on the use of waste cotton fiber from the textile industry to produce composites with unsaturated polyester and to evaluate the performance of glass (G) / cotton (C) fiber laminates, particularly their mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties. Distinct stacking sequences were studied but the overall fiber content was kept constant. In general, hybrid laminates exhibited intermediate mechanical properties compared to those of the pure laminates, and optimum performance was obtained when the glass fiber mats were placed on the surfaces of the composite. Furthermore, some hybrid laminates exhibited superior dynamic mechanical performance, even compared to the pure glass laminate. Lower tan delta peak height (related to better fiber-matrix interaction) values and higher Tg were reported for the [C/G/Ḡ]s and [G/C/C]s samples which, together with the [G/C/Ḡ]s sample, exhibited the best results for reinforcement effectiveness and loss modulus peak height. Therefore, it is found possible to partially replace the glass fiber by waste cotton fiber considering that the final product may be optimized for mechanical property, which requires glass fiber at the surface of the laminate, or for dynamic mechanical properties, that allows higher cotton fiber content