Exploring the concept of patient centred communication for the pharmacy practice

Background Patient centred communication can improve pharmaceutical care, but is not well described for pharmacists. Aim of the review To provide a comprehensive and accessible overview of the concept of patient centred communication for the pharmacy practice. Method A scoping review and thematic analysis was undertaken to synthesize the extracted data and present it in a model. Results Literature search and selection resulted in eighteen articles. Thematic analysis of the extracted data led to five categories regarding patient centred communication. Two categories refer to phases of a pharmaceutical consultation: (1) shared problem defining and (2) shared decision making; three refer to underlying concepts and assumptions about patient centredness regarding (3) the patient, (4) the pharmacist and (5) the therapeutic relation. The categories were modelled in the so called Utrecht’s Model for Patient centred communication in the Pharmacy. Conclusion Although there might be barriers to implement patient centred communication in the pharmacy, the concept of patient centred communication as described in the literature is relevant for the pharmacy practice

Gut inflammation provides a respiratory electron acceptor for Salmonella

Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) causes acute gut inflammation by using its virulence factors to invade the intestinal epithelium and survive in mucosal macrophages. The inflammatory response enhances the transmission success of S. Typhimurium by promoting its outgrowth in the gut lumen through unknown mechanisms. Here we show that reactive oxygen species generated during inflammation reacted with endogenous, luminal sulphur compounds (thiosulfate) to form a new respiratory electron acceptor, tetrathionate. The genes conferring the ability to utilize tetrathionate as an electron acceptor produced a growth advantage for S. Typhimurium over the competing microbiota in the lumen of the inflamed gut. We conclude that S. Typhimurium virulence factors induce host-driven production of a new electron acceptor that allows the pathogen to use respiration to compete with fermenting gut microbes. Thus, the ability to trigger intestinal inflammation is crucial for the biology of this diarrhoeal pathogen

Mitochondria in Health and in Sickness

peer reviewe

Electrochemical Deposition and Dissolution of Alloys and Metal Composites—Fundamental Aspects

It is general experience in materials science that alloys can exhibit qualities that are unobtainable with the parent metals. This is true of electroplated deposits as well. Thus, such properties as hardness, tensile strength, ductility, Young’s modulus, density, corrosion resistance, solderability, wear resistance, and antifriction service may be enhanced. Also, special properties not exhibited by the parent metals can be obtained, such as high magnetic permeability or other desired magnetic and electrical properties, amorphous structure, etc. Alloy plates may be more suitable than the parent metals for subsequent electroplate overlays and conversion chemical treatments