Preserving Venison

This publication describes venison and how to properly select, can, freeze, and store it

Assessment on Good Hygienic Practices of American and Myanmar Packaged Foods

Food safety is an issue not only in Myanmar but also in the United States. Recall and market withdrawals of unsafe food products and safety alerts to customers by Food and Drug Administration, U.S. are well known recognized while Department of Food and Drug Administration, Myanmar takes action on some food products which adulterated with unpermitted chemicals and pathogens. Five types of packaged food processed in Myanmar and the United States were assessed for their nutritional constituents and hygienic practices. Physical and biological contaminations in packaged foods were investigated. Proper labeling of packaged foods was also studied. It was observed that American packaged food manufacturers described full information of product ingredients, nutritional facts per serving and claims while Myanmar packaged food manufacturers could not be able to include nutritional facts and claims. No physical contamination and no contamination of food borne pathogens such as E.coli, Listeria, mold and yeast were found in all American and Myanmar packaged foods

(U-th)/he ages from the fuorite mineralization of the Tanguá Alkaline intrusion

The Tanguá Alkaline Suite formed as a result of Mesozoic to Cenozoic magmatic events that affected the part of the South American Platform in Brazil’s southeast. The alkaline intrusion is composed of alkali-feldspar syenite with nepheline (pulaskites and umptekites), syenite (with or without the presence of pseudo-leucite), varied nepheline syenites (foyaites, micro-foyaites etc.) and alkaline magmatic breccias. The intrusion contains important fluorite mineralization, in the form of NE-SW oriented veins, which were economically extracted in recent decades at the Emitang Mine. This paper focuses on the analysis of these centimetric crystals of fluorite which vary in color from (yellow, to white and pur-ple.) associated with mineralization of Tanguá Body. Geochronological dating by (U-Th)/He of fluorite mineralization showed a wide range of ages, with the oldest age of 74 ± 3 Ma (Late Cretaceous) and the youngest of 0.11 ± 0.02 Ma (Late Pleistocene). Most ages are concentrated between 25 and 8 Ma (Miocene). The oldest age (74.0 ± 3 Ma) is associated with hydrothermal fluids percolating at the time of intrusion of the Tanguá Body. The other ages represent episodes of percolation of hydrothermal fluids and consequent growth of fluorite crystals. Of note is a set of Miocene ages that can be associated with regional tectonic events. This phase of flurite growth may be associated with the reactivation of basement faults and structures in the Tanguá region and the circulation of hydrothermal fluids associated with intrusion of younger dikes. The youngest ages may be associated with neotectonic reactivation of faults during neotectonic events

Tumour-draining axillary lymph nodes in patients with large and locally advanced breast cancers undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC): the crucial contribution of immune cells (effector, regulatory) and cytokines (TH1, TH2) to immune-mediated tumour cell death induced by NAC

Background The tumour microenvironment consists of malignant cells, stroma and immune cells. In women with large and locally advanced breast cancers (LLABCs) undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), various subsets (effector, regulatory) and cytokines in the primary tumour play a key role in the induction of tumour cell death and a pathological complete response (pCR) with NAC. Their contribution to a pCR in nodal metastases, however, is poorly studied and was investigated. Methods Axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) (24 with and 9 without metastases) from women with LLABCs undergoing NAC were immunohistochemically assessed for TILs, T effector and regulatory cell subsets, NK cells and cytokine expression using labelled antibodies, employing established semi-quantitative methods. IBM SPSS statistical package (21v) was used. Non-parametric (paired and unpaired) statistical analyses were performed. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were carried out to establish the prediction of a pCR and Spearman’s Correlation Coefficient was used to determine the correlation of immune cell infiltrates in ALN metastatic and primary breast tumours. Results In ALN metastases high levels of TILs, CD4+ and CD8+ T and CD56+ NK cells were significantly associated with pCRs.. Significantly higher levels of Tregs (FOXP3+, CTLA-4+) and CD56+ NK cells were documented in ALN metastases than in the corresponding primary breast tumours. CD8+ T and CD56+ NK cells showed a positive correlation between metastatic and primary tumours. A high % CD8+ and low % FOXP3+ T cells and high CD8+: FOXP3+ ratio in metastatic ALNs (tumour-free para-cortex) were associated with pCRs. Metastatic ALNs expressed high IL-10, low IL-2 and IFN-ϒ. Conclusions Our study has provided new data characterising the possible contribution of T effector and regulatory cells and NK cells and T helper1 and 2 cytokines to tumour cell death associated with NAC in ALNs

Relato final do III Encontro do Fórum Nacional de cursos de geologia

O III Encontro do Fórum Nacional de Cursos de Geologia, promovido pelo Instituto de Geociências da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais em colaboração com a Sociedade Brasileira de Geologia, realizou-se na cidade de Diamantina (MG), nas dependências do Centro de Geologia Eschwege, unidade do Instituto Casa da Glória da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, no intervalo dos dias 20 a 23 de junho de 2004. O III Encontro contou com o apoio do Instituto de Geociências da Unicamp, da Federação Nacional dos Geólogos (FEBRAGEO) e do Sindicato dos Geólogos no Estado de São Paulo (SIGESP). Não foi possível obter, nesta oportunidade, auxílio do Conselho Federal de Engenharia, Arquitetura e Agronomia (CONFEA), que apoiou financeiramente a realização do II Encontro do Fórum Nacional de Cursos de Geologia, realizado em Belém (PA), no ano de 2003, e do Conselho Regional de Engenharia, Arquitetura e Agronomia de Minas Gerais (CREA-MG)11849

Randomized controlled phase I/II study to investigate immune stimulatory effects by low dose radiotherapy in primarily operable pancreatic cancer

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The efficiencies of T cell based immunotherapies are affected by insufficient migration and activation of tumor specific effector T cells in the tumor. Accumulating evidence exists on the ability of ionizing radiation to modify the tumor microenvironment and generate inflammation. The aim of this phase I/II clinical trial is to evaluate whether low dose single fraction radiotherapy can improve T cell associated antitumor immune response in patients with pancreatic cancer.</p> <p>Methods/Design</p> <p>This trial has been designed as an investigator initiated; prospective randomised, 4-armed, controlled Phase I/II trial. Patients who are candidates for resection of pancreatic cancer will be randomized into 4 arms. A total of 40 patients will be enrolled. The patients receive 0 Gy, 0.5 Gy, 2 Gy or 5 Gy radiation precisely targeted to their pancreatic carcinoma. Radiation will be delivered by external beam radiotherapy using a 6 MV Linac with IMRT technique 48 h prior to the surgical resection. The primary objective is the determination of an active local external beam radiation dose, leading to tumor infiltrating T cells as a surrogate parameter for antitumor activity. Secondary objectives include local tumor control and recurrence patterns, survival, radiogenic treatment toxicity and postoperative morbidity and mortality, as well as quality of life. Further, frequencies of tumor reactive T cells in blood and bone marrow as well as whole blood cell transcriptomics and plasma-proteomics will be correlated with clinical outcome. An interim analysis will be performed after the enrolment of 20 patients for safety reasons. The evaluation of the primary endpoint will start four weeks after the last patient's enrolment.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>This trial will answer the question whether a low dose radiotherapy localized to the pancreatic tumor only can increase the number of tumor infiltrating T cells and thus potentially enhance the antitumor immune response. The study will also investigate the prognostic and predictive value of radiation-induced T cell activity along with transcriptomic and proteomic data with respect to clinical outcome.</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p>ClinicalTrials.gov - <a href="http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01027221">NCT01027221</a></p

Diretrizes curriculares para os cursos de graduação em Geologia e Engenharia Geológica

.sem infomação116469sem informaçãosem informaçã

A randomized controlled trial to investigate the influence of low dose radiotherapy on immune stimulatory effects in liver metastases of colorectal cancer

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Insufficient migration and activation of tumor specific effector T cells in the tumor is one of the main reasons for inadequate host anti-tumor immune response. External radiation seems to induce inflammation and activate the immune response. This phase I/II clinical trial aims to evaluate whether low dose single fraction radiotherapy can improve T cell associated antitumor immune response in patients with colorectal liver metastases.</p> <p>Methods/Design</p> <p>This is an investigator-initiated, prospective randomised, 4-armed, controlled Phase I/II trial. Patients undergoing elective hepatic resection due to colorectal cancer liver metastasis will be enrolled in the study. Patients will receive 0 Gy, 0.5 Gy, 2 Gy or 5 Gy radiation targeted to their liver metastasis. Radiation will be applied by external beam radiotherapy using a 6 MV linear accelerator (Linac) with intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) technique two days prior to surgical resection. All patients admitted to the Department of General-, Visceral-, and Transplantion Surgery, University of Heidelberg for elective hepatic resection are consecutively screened for eligibility into this trial, and written informed consent is obtained before inclusion. The primary objective is to assess the effect of active local external beam radiation dose on, tumor infiltrating T cells as a surrogate parameter for antitumor activity. Secondary objectives include radiogenic treatment toxicity, postoperative morbidity and mortality, local tumor control and recurrence patterns, survival and quality of life. Furthermore, frequencies of systemic tumor reactive T cells in blood and bone marrow will be correlated with clinical outcome.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>This is a randomized controlled patient blinded trial to assess the safety and efficiency of low dose radiotherapy on metastasis infiltrating T cells and thus potentially enhance the antitumor immune response.</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p>ClinicalTrials.gov: <a href="http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01191632">NCT01191632</a></p