Computational Modeling of Inflammatory Mediators in Acute Illness: From Networks to Mechanisms

The acute inflammatory response is a complex defense mechanism that has evolved to respond rapidly to injury, infection, and other disruptions in homeostasis. The complex role of inflammation in health and disease has made it difficult to understand comprehensively. With the advent of high throughput technologies and the growth of systems biology, there has been an unprecedented amount of data and –omics analysis aimed at uncovering this complexity. However, there still remains a shortage of translational insights for acute inflammatory diseases from these studies. In this dissertation, we employ a comprehensive systems approach in order to study the coordination of inflammation and identify key control mechanisms, and how these map onto clinical outcomes. This process begins with collection of high-dimensional time course data of inflammatory mediators, followed by data-driven modeling and network inference that finally informs mechanistic computational models for prediction and analysis. In patients with pediatric acute liver failure (PALF), we inferred inflammatory networks and identified key differences between patients that were survivors versus non-survivors when other analyses proved inconclusive. We showed that inflammatory networks can be used both as biomarkers and to generate mechanistic hypotheses for this poorly understood disease. In experimental models of trauma as well as in human trauma patients, we identify a conserved central network motif of cross-regulating chemokines. We develop a logical model based on this hypothesized network, which is able to capture both inflammatory trajectory and clinical outcome differences among patients with differing injury severity. These studies suggest that the hypothesized cross-regulatory interactions among chemokines MIG, IP-10 and MCP-1 represents an important point of control regulating the progression of acute inflammation. We propose that further analysis and validation of this hypothesis will require targeted perturbation studies in cells and animals with iterative rounds of mechanistic model refinement. We explore an example of such a study focused on the anti-inflammatory effects of NAD+, wherein we characterize a signaling pathway that gives rise to a complex dose and time dependent induction of TGF-β1

PERAN GURU PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DALAM MEMBINA AKHLAK SISWA DI SMP NEGERI 2 TUREN

The role of Islamic religious education teachers in fostering student morals at SMP Negeri 2 Turen. The objectives of the teacher's role in fostering student morals at SMP Negeri 2 Turen are as follows: (1) To describe the role of Islamic religious education teachers in fostering student morals at SMP Negeri 2 Turen Malang. (2) To describe the supporting and inhibiting factors in the nature of Islamic religious education teachers in fostering the morals of students at SMP Negeri 2 Turen Malang. The results of the study are: (1) The form of the teacher's role in exemplary at SMP Negeri 2 Turen Malang has several forms that are applied, so that with the various forms of exemplary roles that are applied, students are able to apply moral attitudes, as applied by exemplary teachers, namely: providing guidance students, the existence of moral material, performing congregational prayer attendance, the existence of punishment, giving advice, and religious activities. (2) Supporting Factors, the role of Islamic education teachers in education, exemplary teachers, facilities for habituation activities, parental support. Inhibiting factors, while the factors that hinder the role of exemplary religious education teachers, namely students who lack discipline, are very difficult because there are some students who are indeed difficult to advise and underestimate the advice given by Islamic religious education teachers

Penggunaan Sistem Pembayaran Digital Berbasis Qris terhadap Pelaku UMKM

Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) di Indonesia memiliki peran penting dalam perekonomian nasional. Di era digital seperti sekarang ini, adaptasi terhadap teknologi informasi dan komunikasi menjadi sangat penting untuk keberlangsungan bisnis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi dampak penggunaan sistem pembayaran digital QRIS (Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard). Diperkenalkan oleh Bank Indonesia pada tahun 2019, QRIS menyediakan standar yang aman dan efisien untuk transaksi non-tunai, yang diharapkan dapat meningkatkan daya beli konsumen dan memudahkan transaksi baik bagi penjual maupun konsumen. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi yang melibatkan pelaku UMKM di Kelurahan Lebakgede, Kota Bandung. Informan penelitian meliputi pemilik dan karyawan dari beberapa UMKM yang telah mengimplementasikan QRIS, serta pelanggan yang menggunakan fitur ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan QRIS dapat meningkatkan efisiensi transaksi dan memberikan kemudahan bagi pelaku usaha dan konsumen. Namun, tantangan seperti perlunya pemahaman teknologi dan infrastruktur yang memadai tetap ada. Temuan ini diharapkan dapat memberikan wawasan untuk pengembangan lebih lanjut sistem pembayaran digital di kalangan UMKM dan menjadi referensi untuk penelitian dan pembuatan kebijakan di masa depan

Local government elections: is this the time to bring it back? / Nabil Aswad Mohd Hatta and Mohd Redza Azhar Rezali

This study concerns whether local government elections should be brought back into our country's system. Councillors are the people who represent the public in the local authorities. Presently, local councillors are appointed by the State Government. However, this was not always the case because before 1965, local councillors were elected via local government elections. However, it was suspended in 1965 and the suspension has remained until now. The present appointment system has been plagued with various problems. Corruption, non transparency, lack of accountability and also efficiency are some of the problems that have arisen which could be attributed to the appointment system. What is worse is that these problems have continued to exist for more than 40 years. This .study will emphasis on bringing back local government elections, highlighting the need for it in our system and most importantly, the people. There are also recommendations given on what is the best way to tackle the problems that are preventing local government elections from being brought back

Bahasa Gaul vs Bahasa Baku: Tantangan Komunikasi Pendidikan Generasi Z pada Siswa SMK Manajemen Perkantoran di Kota Bandung

Dalam dunia pendidikan, komunikasi yang efektif memegang peranan penting dalam mencapai hasil pembelajaran dan membangun hubungan profesional yang baik. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mendeskripsikan aspek tantangan komunikasi pendidikan dalam proses pembelajaran pada siswa SMK jurusan Manajemen Perkantoran dan Layanan Bisnis di kota Bandung. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan penyebaran dan pengisian angket. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mayoritas siswa Generasi Z cenderung lebih nyaman menggunakan bahasa gaul dalam komunikasi sehari-hari. Bahasa gaul dinilai lebih ekspresif dan santai. Dalam pendidikan, sebagian besar siswa menyatakan bahwa mereka lebih antusias dan mudah memahami materi pelajaran apabila guru menyampaikan dengan bahasa yang tidak formal. Namun, mereka tetap menyadari pentingnya pemahaman bahasa baku. Oleh karena itu untuk mengatasi komunikasi tidak efektif antara siswa dan guru, diperlukan pelatihan komunikasi, pembiasaan membaca buku ilmiah sebelum pembelajaran, serta penerapan peraturan atau tata tertib penggunaan bahasa formal selama jam pelajaran

Analysis of serum inflammatory mediators identifies unique dynamic networks associated with death and spontaneous survival in pediatric acute liver failure

Background: Tools to predict death or spontaneous survival are necessary to inform liver transplantation (LTx) decisions in pediatric acute liver failure (PALF), but such tools are not available. Recent data suggest that immune/inflammatory dysregulation occurs in the setting of acute liver failure. We hypothesized that specific, dynamic, and measurable patterns of immune/inflammatory dysregulation will correlate with outcomes in PALF. Methods: We assayed 26 inflammatory mediators on stored serum samples obtained from a convenience sample of 49 children in the PALF study group (PALFSG) collected within 7 days after enrollment. Outcomes were assessed within 21 days of enrollment consisting of spontaneous survivors, non-survivors, and LTx recipients. Data were subjected to statistical analysis, patient-specific Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN) inference. Findings: Raw inflammatory mediator levels assessed over time did not distinguish among PALF outcomes. However, DBN analysis did reveal distinct interferon-gamma-related networks that distinguished spontaneous survivors from those who died. The network identified in LTx patients pre-transplant was more like that seen in spontaneous survivors than in those who died, a finding supported by PCA. Interpretation: The application of DBN analysis of inflammatory mediators in this small patient sample appears to differentiate survivors from non-survivors in PALF. Patterns associated with LTx pre-transplant were more like those seen in spontaneous survivors than in those who died. DBN-based analyses might lead to a better prediction of outcome in PALF, and could also have more general utility in other complex diseases with an inflammatory etiology. Copyright: © 2013 Azhar et al

The Need of Psychospiritual in Managing Secondary Traumatic Stress (STS) for Covid-19 Counselor Workers

Abstract Pandemic of COVID-19 unspecifically has a physical effect on its sufferers, however it has negative impacts towards the mental and psychological of sufferers. To alleviate community pressure, the government and some NGOs are responsible for providing counselling services as psychological support. Counsellors, on the other hand, are continuously exposed to trauma disorders as a result of the conduct of counselling sessions, even though they do not directly experience it. Secondary Traumatic Stress, or STS for short, is a disease that refers to emotional distress caused by the emotional suffering of others. This impact was created because the client was given attention and compassion, as well as strong incentive to help ease the patient's pain. If no special preparation is given, the patient is vulnerable to the onset of STS symptoms, which have negative consequences on the physical, cognitive, mental, behavioural, social, and spiritual levels. As a result, during the COVID-19 pandemic era, a study that provides preparatory recommendation for counsellors dealing with a wide range of clients during the COVID-19 pandemic period is much needed. This research focuses on a data collection procedure in a library based on the theory of Secondary Traumatic Stress and the COVID-19 pandemic. This study argues that counsellors receive psychospiritual support training in order to satisfy the demands of Secondary Traumatic Stress Disorder in the COVID-19 pandemic period. Keywords: COVID-19, traumatic, psychospiritual, mental health, sympathy     Abstrak   Wabak COVID-19 bukan sahaja memberi kesan berbentuk fizikal kepada para pengidapnya, malah turut memberi impak negatif kepada mental dan psikologi. Bagi mengurangkan tekanan kepada masyarakat, pihak kerajaan dan beberapa NGO menggalas tanggungjawab memberikan perkhidmatan kaunseling sebagai sokongan psikologi. Namun begitu, pada hakikatnya para kaunselor turut terdedah dengan gangguan trauma secara berterusan akibat daripada pengendalian sesi kaunseling yang dijalankan walaupun tidak mengalaminya secara langsung. Gangguan tersebut dikenali sebagai Secondary Traumatic Stress atau singkatannya STS yang merujuk kepada penderitaan emosi kerana penderitaan emosi orang lain. Kesan ini lahir kerana perhatian dan simpati yang diberikan kepada klien disertai galakan yang kuat untuk menolong meringankan penderitaan pesakit. Sekiranya tidak disediakan persediaan yang khusus, ini mendedahkan kepada peletusan simptom STS yang memberi implikasi negatif kepada fizikal, kognitif, emosi, perilaku, sosial dan spiritual. Sehubungan itu, kajian yang memberikan cadangan persediaan bagi kaunselor yang berdepan dengan pelbagai klien yang ramai dalam tempoh pandemik COVID-19 adalah sangat diperlukan. Kajian ini menumpukan kepada proses pengumpulan data perpustakaan yang memfokus kepada teori Secondary Traumatic Stress dan pandemik COVID-19. Kajian ini mengemukakan cadangan mengambil persediaan sokongan psikospiritual bagi kaunselor dalam mendepani cabaran gangguan Secondary Traumatic Stress di era pandemik COVID-19. Kata kunci: COVID-19, traumatik, psikospiritual, kesihatan mental, simpat

Insights into the Role of Chemokines, Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns, and Lymphocyte-Derived Mediators from Computational Models of Trauma-Induced Inflammation

Significance: Traumatic injury elicits a complex, dynamic, multidimensional inflammatory response that is intertwined with complications such as multiple organ dysfunction and nosocomial infection. The complex interplay between inflammation and physiology in critical illness remains a challenge for translational research, including the extrapolation to human disease from animal models. Recent Advances: Over the past decade, we and others have attempted to decipher the biocomplexity of inflammation in these settings of acute illness, using computational models to improve clinical translation. In silico modeling has been suggested as a computationally based framework for integrating data derived from basic biology experiments as well as preclinical and clinical studies. Critical Issues: Extensive studies in cells, mice, and human blunt trauma patients have led us to suggest (i) that while an adequate level of inflammation is required for healing post-trauma, inflammation can be harmful when it becomes self-sustaining via a damage-associated molecular pattern/Toll-like receptor-driven feed-forward circuit; (ii) that chemokines play a central regulatory role in driving either self-resolving or self-maintaining inflammation that drives the early activation of both classical innate and more recently recognized lymphoid pathways; and (iii) the presence of multiple thresholds and feedback loops, which could significantly affect the propagation of inflammation across multiple body compartments. Future Directions: These insights from data-driven models into the primary drivers and interconnected networks of inflammation have been used to generate mechanistic computational models. Together, these models may be used to gain basic insights as well as serving to help define novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 23, 1370?1387.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/140310/1/ars.2015.6398.pd

Keropok Lekor Legend / Husna Nabihah Mohd Nor … [et al.]

In this executive summary, we want to say that we produce our own brand of food product, Keropok Lekor Legend which is originally from Terengganu. The ingredients we provide are starch flour, salt, monosodium gltumate (MSG), ice water and the most important ingredients in making our quality Keropok Lekor are fresh and fulfilled of fish fillets accompanied with a sweet taste and definitely our customers love it and would buy it more. Furthermore, Keropok Lekor is also one of the traditional foods of the State of Terengganu as well as food that must be bought as handicrafts if outsiders come to visit Terengganu. Keropok Lekor is also one of the foods that are always served during afternoon tea in Terengganu.How did the word "Keropok" come about? The story begins decades ago, when the fishermen got a lot of seafood, especially they catch a lot of fish that made many people by there and they create a new food. Keropok lekor also have no name and was named after the way they are made. In the early days of making Keropok Lekor, the villagers used fish fillets that had been mixed with a flour. When the two ingredients are mixed and kneaded, the dough is pounded and produces a "Kelopok" sound. Over time, the word "Keropok" was used and used as a name for this special dish. While the word "lekor" is produced after the fish mixture is ready, the mixture will be thickened to make it long and look like sausage. But in the old days, there were some who cracked the Keropok to make it long. These long Keropok when boiled will look like a coiled rope. The word "lekor" is from the word "circle". then there is Keropok Leko