Defect-Fluorite Gd2Zr2O7 Ceramics under Helium Irradiation: Amorphization, Cell Volume Expansion, and Multi-stage Bubble Formation

Here, we report a study on the radiation resistance enhancement of Gd2Zr2O7 nanograin ceramics, in which amorphization, cell volume expansion and multi-stage helium (He) bubble formation are investigated and discussed. Gd2Zr2O7 ceramics with a series of grain sizes (55-221 nm) were synthesized and irradiated by 190 keV He ion beam up to a fluence of 5x10^17 ions/cm2. Both the degree of post irradiation cell volume expansion and the amorphization fraction appear to be size dependent. As the average grain size evolves from 55 to 221 nm, the degree of post irradiation cell volume expansion increases from 0.56 to 1.02 %, and the amorphization fraction increases from 6.8 to 11.1 %. Additionally, the threshold He concentrations (at. %) of bubbles at different formation stages and locations, including (1) bubbles at grain boundary, (2) bubble-chains and (3) ribbon-like bubbles within the grain, are all found to be much higher in the nanograin ceramic (55 nm) compared with that of the submicron sample (221 nm). We conclude that grain boundary plays a critical role in minimizing the structural defects, and inhibiting the multi-stage He bubble formation process

Study on intrusion detecton using average matching degree space based on class association rule mining

制度:新 ; 報告番号:甲3767号 ; 学位の種類:博士(工学) ; 授与年月日:2013/1/28 ; 早大学位記番号:新6140Waseda Universit

Novel composite meshes to evaluate their structural property and in vivo biocompatibility for tissue repair

Composite meshes of different types have been prepared and used for tissue repair in pelvic floor disorder. An interlocking texture mesh (inter-mesh) and a membrane coated mesh (electro-mesh) have been used based on their structural property and biocompatibility. The proportion of degradation material in inter-mesh (69.6%) is found extremely higher than that of electro-mesh (3.22%), thus leading to higher product weight (65.50±2.31 g/m2) and thickness (0.500±0.025 mm). After 4 weeks of implantation in animal experiment, inter-mesh with surrounding tissues is observed to have higher breaking strength in tensile behavoir and better flexibility. Tissues on inter-mesh are found to grow faster with larger thickness (0.76±0.033 mm). The surface area loss of inter-mesh (2.49±0.25%) is much less than that of electro-mesh (7.49±0.63 %) within the first 2 weeks of implantation. However, the material’s degradation is accelerated after 2 weeks, leading to a higher shrinkage of 13.12±1.48 %

Novel composite meshes to evaluate their structural property and in vivo biocompatibility for tissue repair

404-410Composite meshes of different types have been prepared and used for tissue repair in pelvic floor disorder. An interlocking texture mesh (inter-mesh) and a membrane coated mesh (electro-mesh) have been used based on their structural property and biocompatibility. The proportion of degradation material in inter-mesh (69.6%) is found extremely higher than that of electro-mesh (3.22%), thus leading to higher product weight (65.50±2.31 g/m2) and thickness (0.500±0.025 mm). After 4 weeks of implantation in animal experiment, inter-mesh with surrounding tissues is observed to have higher breaking strength in tensile behavoir and better flexibility. Tissues on inter-mesh are found to grow faster with larger thickness (0.76±0.033 mm). The surface area loss of inter-mesh (2.49±0.25%) is much less than that of electro-mesh (7.49±0.63 %) within the first 2 weeks of implantation. However, the material’s degradation is accelerated after 2 weeks, leading to a higher shrinkage of 13.12±1.48 %

Effects of Family Dignity Interventions Combined With Standard Palliative Care on Family Adaptability, Cohesion, and Anticipatory Grief in Adult Advanced Cancer Survivors and Their Family Caregivers: A Randomized Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND: Family involvement and comfort are equally important in palliative care. Dignity undertook a new meaning and novel challenges as a result of restrictions on visits and companionship during the pandemic. Family-centered family dignity interventions have been shown to be effective in increasing patients\u27 sense of dignity, increasing levels of hope, and reducing psychological distress; however, the effectiveness in enhancing family adaptability and intimacy in the survivor-caregiver binary and reducing expected grief have been inconclusive. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of family dignity interventions on family adaptability and cohesion. The secondary objective was to explore the effects of the interventions on anticipatory grief and psychological distress, and the lasting effect 1 month after the intervention. DESIGN: A single-blinded, two-arm parallel group, randomized controlled trial was conducted in China. SETTINGS: and methods: Ninety-eight dyads who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to the family dignity intervention (n = 51) or standard palliative care group (n = 47) between June and August 2022. Study outcomes were measured at baseline, immediately post-intervention, and at the 1-month follow-up post-intervention evaluation. Data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, chi-square test, Fisher\u27s exact test, independent sample RESULTS: In comparison to the control group, significant improvements in family adaptability and cohesion and anticipatory grief over post-intervention and 1-month follow-up were demonstrated among the patients in the intervention group. The intervention group of caregivers had significant improvement in anticipatory grief at post-intervention and 1-month follow-up. The level of psychological distress was significantly lower in the intervention group than the control group (p \u3c 0.05) at 1-month follow-up but the differences were not statistically significant at post-intervention. All outcomes showed clear differences from baseline after the intervention and at the 1-month follow-up evaluation but not between post-intervention and at the 1-month follow-up evaluation. CONCLUSION: This study further verifies the actual effect of family dignity intervention program through randomized controlled trials, and provides a reference for improving the family relationship between advanced cancer patients and their family caregivers, and improving their mental health. The addition of family dignity intervention to standard palliative care greatly increased the adaptability and cohesion between survivors and their families, lessened the anticipatory grief of the survivor-caregiver pair, and relieved caregivers\u27 anxiety and despair. We did not detect a statistically significant difference between post-intervention and the 1-month follow-up evaluation, suggesting that the intervention may have a durable impact at least 1 month

Pozzolanic Reactivity of Carbonated High-Calcium Fly Ash: A Mechanism Study

This research investigates the impact of accelerated carbonation treatment on the pozzolanic reactivity of high-calcium fly ash (HFA) by monitoring the reaction heat of HFA/carbonated HFA (CFA)-calcium hydroxide (CH) blends and elucidates the underlying factors influencing the pozzolanic reactivity. The results indicate that in HFA/CFA-CH blends, CFA exhibits a comparable pozzolanic reactivity to that of HFA. This is attributed to the carbonation products accelerating the formation of MonoCarb aluminate (main) and C-S-H, compensating for the reduced heat resulting from the diminished highly reactive components after the carbonation treatment. Additionally, the increased surface area due to carbonation treatment is favorable for the pozzolanic reaction of CFA. However, in the HFA/CFA-CH blends with gypsum, the carbonation treatment adversely affects the pozzolanic reactivity of HFA since gypsum limits the MonoCarb aluminate formation. Overall, these findings suggest that when proportioned and used properly, CFA can retain comparable pozzolanic reactivity to that of the untreated HFA, while storing CO2 permanently

Determination of standard molar volume of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide on titanium dioxide surface

The fluids near the solid substrate display different properties compared to the bulk fluids owing to the asymmetric interaction between the fluid and substrate; however, to the best of our knowledge, no work has been conducted to determine the interfacial properties of fluids experimentally. In this work, we combined a pycnometer with experimental measurements and data processing to determine the standard thermodynamic properties of interfacial fluids for the first time. In the study, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Hmim][NTf2]) and titanium dioxide (P25) were chosen as the probes to prove the concept. It was found that, with the combination of the Gay-Lussac pycnometer and the colligative law, together with selecting a suitable solvent, it is possible and reliable to determine the standard molar volume of the immobilized [Hmim][NTf2]. Compared to the bulk phase, the molar volumes of [Hmim][NTf2] on the P25 surface reduce by 20.8%–23.7% at temperatures from 293.15 to 323.15 K, and the reduction degrees decrease with increasing temperatures. The newly determined standard thermodynamic data was used to obtain the model parameters of hybrid electrolyte perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid theory density functional theory (ePC-SAFT-DFT), and further predictions of the density of interfacial ionic liquids with different film thicknesses were proved to be reliable in comparison with the experiment results

Comparative efficacy of femoral neck system vs. cannulated compression screws in young patients with femoral neck fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundThe optimal method for internal fixation of femoral neck fractures in younger individuals remains a subject of debate. This meta-analysis systematically evaluates and compares the clinical outcomes of the femoral neck system (FNS) and cannulated compression screws (CCSs) within this demographic.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted across the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases, covering studies from their inception through March 2024. The search targeted cohort studies that compared FNS (n = 265) and CCSs (n = 326) in patients aged 14–65 years with femoral neck fractures. The methodological quality of the studies was appraised using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Statistical analyses were executed using RevMan 5.4, with results presented as standardized mean differences (SMDs) or weighted mean differences (WMDs), accompanied by 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsThe analysis incorporated nine high-quality cohort studies involving 591 patients who underwent surgical procedures for femoral neck fractures. Of these patients, 265 were treated with the femoral neck system (FNS), while 326 were treated with CCSs. Meta-analysis revealed that, compared to CCS, FNS was associated with a significantly shorted fracture healing time (SMD = 16.30, 95% CI: 3.79–28.82, P < 0.001), decreased intraoperative fluoroscopy usage (WMD) = −8.14, 95% CI: −9.82 to −6.46, P < 0.001), and higher Harris hip scores at the final follow-up (WMD = −3.43, 95% CI: −4.08 to −2.77, P < 0.001). In addition, the FNS group exhibited a lower incidence of postoperative complications, including urinary tract infections, venous thromboembolism, non-union, screw loosening, and femoral head necrosis [risk ratio (RR) = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.92–1.19, P = 0.50]. However, the FNS was associated with a longer surgical incision (WMD = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.55–1.13, P < 0.001) and increased intraoperative blood loss (WMD = 16.30, 95% CI: 3.79–28.82, P = 0.01). The analysis revealed no statistically significant differences between the two techniques in terms of operation duration (WMD = −4.88, 95% CI: −12.25 to 2.48, P = 0.19), length of hospital stay (WMD = 0.10, 95% CI: −0.20 to 0.40, P = 0.52), or the excellent-to-good rate at the final follow-up (RR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.92–1.19, P = 0.50).ConclusionsThe femoral neck system (FNS) may present potential benefits in specific outcomes, notably expedited healing and enhanced functional rehabilitation. The results of this study advocate for the consideration of the FNS as a preferred treatment option for active patients, where minimizing radiation exposure and optimizing long-term outcomes are prioritized, despite its slightly greater invasiveness