AN ANALYSIS OF MILLENIAL SLANG WORDS FROM AMBER J.LIU” TWITTER ACCOUNT DATE SEPTEMBER 2020 – FEBRUARY 2021

This study aimed to investigate the types of slang that Amber J. Liu most often uses on her Twitter account. Slang is a language that has new value and is used by a specific group for a specific purpose, and is considered to be popular at the time and changes with the times. Therefore, this study aims to clarify the following research problem; what are millennial slang word and the types of slang were found in this study. The researcher used the descriptive qualitative method. The data of this research collected from Amber J. Liu in her Twitter account. The supporting instrument in this research is document analysis (screenshot) on tweet of Amber J. Liu Twitter wich contain slang words. The data collected from September 2020 until Februari 2021. The result show that there are 24 millenial slang. This research analyzed five types of slang words based on theory by Allan and Burridge cited in Putra. As a result, the types of slang words were 3 fresh and creative, 3 flippant, 1 imitative, 3 acronym, and 14 clipping

Studies on Independent Synthesis of Cytoplasmic Ribonucleic Acids in Acetabularia mediterranea

1. The RNA content of anucleate and nucleate fragments of Acetabularia has been measured. It was found that there is a net synthesis of RNA in nucleate fragments. On the other hand, the RNA content of anucleate fragments did not change significantly after enucleation. 2. Anucleate fragments, however, can readily incorporate 14C-labeled adenine, orotic acid, and carbon dioxide into their cytoplasmic RNA. 3. The results of experiments on 14CO2 incorporation into the RNA of anucleate and nucleate fragments suggest that there is a mechanism for de novo synthesis of RNA in anucleate cytoplasm. 4. In Acetabularia, 81 per cent of the cytoplasmic RNA is bound to a large granule fraction, consisting mainly of chloroplasts. Even after removal of the nucleus, RNA is synthesized in this "chloroplast" fraction. The chloroplasts are thus a major site of RNA synthesis in the cytoplasm of these algae. Synthesis of "chloroplastic" RNA, in anucleate fragments, possibly occurs at the expense of the RNA present in other fractions (microsomes and supernatant). 5. 8-Azaguanine stimulates regeneration and cap formation in anucleate fragments and does not inhibit RNA synthesis in these fragments

The prognostic significance of specific HOX gene expression patterns in ovarian cancer

YesHOX genes are vital for all aspects of mammalian growth and differentiation, and their dysregulated expression is related to ovarian carcinogenesis. The aim of the current study was to establish the prognostic value of HOX dysregulation as well as its role in platinum resistance. The potential to target HOX proteins through the HOX/PBX interaction was also explored in the con-text of platinum resistance. HOX gene expression was determined in ovarian cancer cell lines and primary EOCs by QPCR, and compared to expression in normal ovarian epithelium and fallopian tube tissue samples. Statistical analysis included one-way ANOVA and t-tests, using statistical software R and GraphPad. The analysis identified 36 of the 39 HOX genes as being overex-pressed in high grade serous EOC compared to normal tissue. We detected a molecular HOX gene-signature that predicted poor outcome. Overexpression of HOXB4 and HOXB9 was identified in high grade serous cell lines after platinum resistance developed. Targeting the HOX/PBX dimer with the HXR9 peptide enhanced the cytotoxicity of cisplatin in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. In conclusion, this study has shown the HOX genes are highly dysregulated in ovarian cancer with high expression of HOXA13, B6, C13, D1 and D13 being predictive of poor clinical outcome. Targeting the HOX/PBX dimer in platinum–resistant cancer represents a potentially new therapeutic option that should be further developed and tested in clinical trials.This research was supported by GRACE, a gynaecological charity based in Surrey, UK

Metallopanstimulin as a marker for head and neck cancer

BACKGROUND: Metallopanstimulin (MPS-1) is a ribosomal protein that is found in elevated amounts in the sera of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We used a test, denoted MPS-H, which detects MPS-1 and MPS-1-like proteins, to determine the relationship between MPS-H serum levels and clinical status of patients with, or at risk for, HNSCC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 125 patients were prospectively enrolled from a university head and neck oncology clinic. Participants included only newly diagnosed HNSCC patients. Two control groups, including 25 non-smokers and 64 smokers, were studied for comparison. A total of 821 serum samples collected over a twenty-four month period were analyzed by the MPS-H radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: HNSCC, non-smokers, and smokers had average MPS-H values of 41.5 ng/mL, 10.2 ng/mL, and 12.8 ng/mL, respectively (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: We conclude that MPS-1 and MPS-1-like proteins are elevated in patients with HNSCC, and that MPS-H appears to be a promising marker of presence of disease and response to treatment in HNSCC patients

Revisiting the Use of Normal Saline for Peritoneal Washing in Ovarian Cancer.

The omentum is the predominant site of ovarian cancer metastasis, but it is difficult to remove the omentum in its entirety. There is a critical need for effective approaches that minimize the risk of colonization of preserved omental tissues by occult cancer cells. Normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride) is commonly used to wash the peritoneal cavity during ovarian cancer surgery. The omentum has a prodigious ability to absorb fluid in the peritoneal cavity, but the impact of normal saline on the omentum is poorly understood. In this review article, we discuss why normal saline is not a biocompatible solution, drawing insights from clinical investigations of normal saline in fluid resuscitation and from the cytopathologic evaluation of peritoneal washings. We integrate these insights with the unique biology of the omentum and omental metastasis, highlighting the importance of considering the absorptive ability of the omentum when administering agents into the peritoneal cavity. Furthermore, we describe insights from preclinical studies regarding the mechanisms by which normal saline might render the omentum conducive for colonization by cancer cells. Importantly, we discuss the possibility that the risk of colonization of preserved omental tissues might be minimized by using balanced crystalloid solutions for peritoneal washing

Stops making sense: translational trade-offs and stop codon reassignment

Background Efficient gene expression involves a trade-off between (i) premature termination of protein synthesis; and (ii) readthrough, where the ribosome fails to dissociate at the terminal stop. Sense codons that are similar in sequence to stop codons are more susceptible to nonsense mutation, and are also likely to be more susceptible to transcriptional or translational errors causing premature termination. We therefore expect this trade-off to be influenced by the number of stop codons in the genetic code. Although genetic codes are highly constrained, stop codon number appears to be their most volatile feature. Results In the human genome, codons readily mutable to stops are underrepresented in coding sequences. We construct a simple mathematical model based on the relative likelihoods of premature termination and readthrough. When readthrough occurs, the resultant protein has a tail of amino acid residues incorrectly added to the C-terminus. Our results depend strongly on the number of stop codons in the genetic code. When the code has more stop codons, premature termination is relatively more likely, particularly for longer genes. When the code has fewer stop codons, the length of the tail added by readthrough will, on average, be longer, and thus more deleterious. Comparative analysis of taxa with a range of stop codon numbers suggests that genomes whose code includes more stop codons have shorter coding sequences. Conclusions We suggest that the differing trade-offs presented by alternative genetic codes may result in differences in genome structure. More speculatively, multiple stop codons may mitigate readthrough, counteracting the disadvantage of a higher rate of nonsense mutation. This could help explain the puzzling overrepresentation of stop codons in the canonical genetic code and most variants