The Психосоматичні корелянти та психічні розлади при цукровому діабеті

Mental disorders in diabetes mellitus, depending on the contingent of examined patients occur in 1.3-100% of cases. The prevalence of these disorders among the elderly reaches almost 100%.The aim of this study was to study the structure of mental disorders in diabetes. 42 patients with type II diabetes mellitus aged 40 to 78 years were examined (mean age 59.5 years). All patients had mental disorders of varying severity. A combination of instenon, actovegin and glycised was used to treat neurosis-like disorders and dementia in patients with diabetes. The average duration of the combined course of treatment was 4 weeks. The main research methods were clinical-psychopathological, clinical-anamnestic, experimental-psychological.Психічні розлади при цукровому діабеті в залежності від контингенту обстежених хворих зустрічаються в 1,3–100% випадків. Розповсюдженість даних розладів серед осіб похилого віку досягає практично 100%. Метою даного дослідження було вивчення структури психічних розладів при цукровому діабеті. Обстежено 42 хворих на цукровий діабет II типу у віці від 40 до 78 років (середній вік - 59,5 років). У всіх хворих спостерігалися психічні розлади різного ступеню вираженості. Для терапії неврозоподібних розладів і деменції у хворих на цукровий діабет застосовували комбінацію препаратів інстенон, актовегін та гліцисед. Середня тривалість комбінованого курсу лікування складала 4 тижні. Основними методами дослідження були клініко-психопатологічні, клініко-анамнестичні, експериментально-психологічні

Sound Speech and Recognized Text in the Variantological Paradigm (Based on a Scientific Report in Oral and Written Formats)

Статья посвящена изучению соотношения звучащей речи и распознанного текста в вариантологической парадигме. Исследование объединяет анализ двух процессов, осуществляемых на материале научного доклада: озвучивание текста докладчиком и распознавание озвученного текста нейросетью. Озвучивание рассматривается как субъективная интерпретация письменного варианта доклада; распознавание звучащей речи – как обратный процесс, интерпретация путем нейросетевого перекодирования. Расширение границ вариантологии осуществляется благодаря включению в вариантологическую парадигму оппозиции устного и письменного и, следовательно, оппозиции субъективной вариативности и вариативности текста искусственным интеллектом. Соотношение вариантов текста, включая его кодовые трансформации, представляется деривационным феноменом, содержащим как тождественные, так и различающие компоненты, трансформации. Результаты исследования показали, что объем кодовых модификаций не влияет на качество и содержание текстаThe article is devoted to the study of the relationship between spoken speech and recognized text in the paradigm of linguistic variantology. The study combines the analysis of two processes carried out on the material of a scientific report: voicing the text by the speaker and recognition of the voiced text by a neural network. Voice-over is considered as a subjective interpretation of the written version of the report; recognition of spoken speech is considered as the reverse process, interpretation by neural network recoding. The expansion of the boundaries of variantology is carried out due to the inclusion of the opposition of oral and written in the variantological paradigm and, consequently, the opposition of subjective variability and variability of the text by artificial intelligence. The ratio of text variants, including its code transformations, appears to be a derivational phenomenon containing both identical and distinguishing components, transformations. The results of the study showed that the volume of code modifications does not affect the quality and content of the tex

EUNIS Habitat Classification: Expert system, characteristic species combinations and distribution maps of European habitats

Aim: The EUNIS Habitat Classification is a widely used reference framework for European habitat types (habitats), but it lacks formal definitions of individual habitats that would enable their unequivocal identification. Our goal was to develop a tool for assigning vegetation‐plot records to the habitats of the EUNIS system, use it to classify a European vegetation‐plot database, and compile statistically‐derived characteristic species combinations and distribution maps for these habitats. Location: Europe. Methods: We developed the classification expert system EUNIS‐ESy, which contains definitions of individual EUNIS habitats based on their species composition and geographic location. Each habitat was formally defined as a formula in a computer language combining algebraic and set‐theoretic concepts with formal logical operators. We applied this expert system to classify 1,261,373 vegetation plots from the European Vegetation Archive (EVA) and other databases. Then we determined diagnostic, constant and dominant species for each habitat by calculating species‐to‐habitat fidelity and constancy (occurrence frequency) in the classified data set. Finally, we mapped the plot locations for each habitat. Results: Formal definitions were developed for 199 habitats at Level 3 of the EUNIS hierarchy, including 25 coastal, 18 wetland, 55 grassland, 43 shrubland, 46 forest and 12 man‐made habitats. The expert system classified 1,125,121 vegetation plots to these habitat groups and 73,188 to other habitats, while 63,064 plots remained unclassified or were classified to more than one habitat. Data on each habitat were summarized in factsheets containing habitat description, distribution map, corresponding syntaxa and characteristic species combination. Conclusions: EUNIS habitats were characterized for the first time in terms of their species composition and distribution, based on a classification of a European database of vegetation plots using the newly developed electronic expert system EUNIS‐ESy. The data provided and the expert system have considerable potential for future use in European nature conservation planning, monitoring and assessment

The peatland map of Europe

Based on the ‘European Mires Book’ of the International Mire Conservation Group (IMCG), this article provides a composite map of national datasets as the first comprehensive peatland map for the whole of Europe. We also present estimates of the extent of peatlands and mires in each European country individually and for the entire continent. A minimum peat thickness criterion has not been strictly applied, to allow for (often historically determined) country-specific definitions. Our ‘peatland’ concept includes all ‘mires’, which are peatlands where peat is being formed. The map was constructed by merging national datasets in GIS while maintaining the mapping scales of the original input data. This ‘bottom-up’ approach indicates that the overall area of peatland in Europe is 593,727 km². Mires were found to cover more than 320,000 km² (around 54 % of the total peatland area). If shallow-peat lands (< 30 cm peat) in European Russia are also taken into account, the total peatland area in Europe is more than 1,000,000 km2, which is almost 10 % of the total surface area. Composite inventories of national peatland information, as presented here for Europe, may serve to identify gaps and priority areas for field survey, and help to cross-check and calibrate remote sensing based mapping approaches

Reconstructing the Holocene environments in the Russian sector of the Neman Delta area, Kaliningrad Region

A history of landscape development in the Russian part of the Neman Delta area during the Holocene, with an emphasis on the formation of forests and wetlands, is deduced based on pollen analysis, radiocarbon dating, a field topography survey, and macrofossil analysis of peat deposits in a coastal mire, the Koz’ye Bog. Several 1,000–2,000-year time lags in vegetational development were revealed here, though they have not been recorded for other landscapes in the Kaliningrad Region and the adjacent areas in the southeastern Baltic. The causes are still not completely clear, but they presumably related to some of the regional patterns of climate development and the submergence of the area during the second Littorina transgression (7,500–7,000 cal. yr BP). It is established that cryophilic open tundra-like vegetation existed here not only in Late Glacial time (Younger Dryas) but up to the mid-Boreal (9,700–9,500 cal. yr BP). A transition from the open landscapes of the Late Glacial to birch and then pine forests occurred here 9,700–8,700 cal. yr BP, whereas the expansion of thermophilic broadleaf species of the nemoral (temperate) association (Quercus, Ulmus, Tilia, Corylus) was recorded only in the period 6,400–3,500 cal. yr BP. Peak expansion of Alnus occurred here only in the late Subboreal (3,500–2,700 cal. yr BP), while in adjacent areas it reached its maximum as early as the Atlantic. The general vegetation dynamics in this area during the Late Glacial and the Holocene could be referred to as a transition from the dominance of pine forests to a wide dispersal of alder carrs. This environmental shift was caused not only by climatic factors but probably also due to the transformation of the hilly coastal terrace into a low-lying plain landscape after flooding during the transgressions of the Baltic