Pemahaman Konsep Tata NAMA Senyawa Biner dan Poliatomik Pasca Pembelajaran Menggunakan LKS-Deduktif dan LKS-Induktif pada Siswa Kelas X SMA Negeri 2 Palangka Raya Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019

Ada dua strategi belajar yang dapat digunakan siswa dalam mempelajari pengetahuan yaitu menggunakan strategi berpikir deduktif maupun induktif. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan pemahaman konsep tata nama senyawa biner dan poliatomik pasca pembelajaran menggunakan LKS-deduktif dan LKS-induktif pada siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 2 Palangka Raya tahun ajaran 2018/2019. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dan melibatkan 78 siswa dari dua kelas X SMA Negeri 2 Palangka Raya, yaitu siswa kelas X IPA 3 (kelas deduktif) sebanyak 40 orang siswa dan siswa kelas X IPA 7 (kelas induktif) sebanyak 38 orang siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa LKS-deduktif, LKS-induktif dan soal tes pemahaman konsep. Data tes diperoleh setelah melakukan pembelajaran menggunakan LKS-deduktif dan LKS-induktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa “pemahaman konsep tata nama senyawa biner dan poliatomik pasca pembelajaran menggunakan LKS-deduktif dan LKS-induktif pada siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 2 Palangka Raya tahun ajaran 2018/2019 tergolong baik. Rata-rata pemahaman konsep siswa yang menggunakan LKS-deduktif sedikit lebih tinggi dibandingkan siswa yang menggunakan LKS-induktif. Hasil tersebut disebabkan karena siswa terbiasa menggunakan strategi belajar deduktif.

Betti numbers for numerical semigroup rings

We survey results related to the magnitude of the Betti numbers of numerical semigroup rings and of their tangent cones.Comment: 22 pages; v2: updated references. To appear in Multigraded Algebra and Applications (V. Ene, E. Miller Eds.

La educación de la mujer : (o acerca de cómo cocinar y cambiar los pañales a su bebé de manera científica)

Fil: Nari, Marcela M. A. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Departamento de Historia; Argentina

Comparative Genomic Analysis of 31 Phytophthora Genomes Reveals Genome Plasticity and Horizontal Gene Transfer

Phytophthora species are oomycete plant pathogens that cause great economic and ecological impacts. The Phytophthora genus includes over 180 known species, infecting a wide range of plant hosts, including crops, trees, and ornamentals. We sequenced the genomes of 31 individual Phytophthora species and 24 individual transcriptomes to study genetic relationships across the genus. De novo genome assemblies revealed variation in genome sizes, numbers of predicted genes, and in repetitive element content across the Phytophthora genus. A genus-wide comparison evaluated orthologous groups of genes. Predicted effector gene counts varied across Phytophthora species by effector family, genome size, and plant host range. Predicted numbers of apoplastic effectors increased as the host range of Phytophthora species increased. Predicted numbers of cytoplasmic effectors also increased with host range but leveled off or decreased in Phytophthora species that have enormous host ranges. With extensive sequencing across the Phytophthora genus, we now have the genomic resources to evaluate horizontal gene transfer events across the oomycetes. Using a machine-learning approach to identify horizontally transferred genes with bacterial or fungal origin, we identified 44 candidates over 36 Phytophthora species genomes. Phylogenetic reconstruction indicates that the transfers of most of these 44 candidates happened in parallel to major advances in the evolution of the oomycetes and Phytophthora spp. We conclude that the 31 genomes presented here are essential for investigating genus-wide genomic associations in genus Phytophthora. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license

Proposed criteria for identifying GE crop plants that pose a low or negligible risk to the environment under conditions of low-level presence in seed

The low-level presence (LLP) of genetically engineered (GE) seeds that have been approved in the country of origin but not the country of import presents challenges for regulators in both seed importing and exporting countries, as well as for the international seed trade and the farmers who rely on it. In addition to legal, financial and regulatory challenges, such LLP situations in seed may also require an environmental risk assessment by the country of import. Such assessments have typically been informed by the national framework established to support decisions related to wide scale cultivation, and frequently do not take into account the low environmental exposure and prior regulatory history of the GE plant. In addition, such assessment processes may not be well suited to the decision-making timeframe that is necessary when dealing with an LLP situation in imported seed. In order to facilitate regulatory decision making, this paper proposes a set of scientific criteria for identifying GE crop plants that are expected to pose a low or negligible risk to the environment under LLP conditions in seed. Regulatory decision makers in some importing countries may decide to use these criteria to assist in risk analysis associated with LLP situations they are experiencing or could experience in the future, and might choose to proactively apply the criteria to identify existing GE plants with regulatory approvals in other countries that would be expected to pose low risk under conditions of LLP in seed

TESS and ESPRESSO discover a super-Earth and a mini-Neptune orbiting the K-dwarf TOI-238

The number of super-Earth and mini-Neptune planet discoveries has increased significantly in the last two decades thanks to transit and radial velocity surveys. When it is possible to apply both techniques, we can characterise the internal composition of exoplanets, which in turn provides unique insights on their architecture, formation and evolution. We performed a combined photometric and radial velocity analysis of TOI-238 (TYC 6398-132-1), which has one short-orbit super-Earth planet candidate announced by NASA's TESS team. We aim to confirm its planetary nature using radial velocities taken with the ESPRESSO and HARPS spectrographs, to measure its mass and to detect the presence of other possible planetary companions. We carried out a joint analysis by including Gaussian processes and Keplerian orbits to account for the stellar activity and planetary signals simultaneously. We detected the signal induced by TOI-238 b in the radial velocity time-series, and the presence of a second transiting planet, TOI-238 c, whose signal appears in RV and TESS data. TOI-238 b is a planet with a radius of 1.402$^{+0.084}_{-0.086}$ R$_{\oplus}$ and a mass of 3.40$^{+0.46}_{-0.45}$ M$_{\oplus}$. It orbits at a separation of 0.02118 $\pm$ 0.00038 AU of its host star, with an orbital period of 1.2730988 $\pm$ 0.0000029 days, and has an equilibrium temperature of 1311 $\pm$ 28 K. TOI-238 c has a radius of 2.18$\pm$ 0.18 R$_{\oplus}$ and a mass of 6.7 $\pm$ 1.1 M$_{\oplus}$. It orbits at a separation of 0.0749 $\pm$ 0.0013 AU of its host star, with an orbital period of 8.465652 $\pm$ 0.000031 days, and has an equilibrium temperature of 696 $\pm$ 15 K. The mass and radius of planet b are fully consistent with an Earth-like composition, making it likely a rocky super-Earth. Planet c could be a water-rich planet or a rocky planet with a small H-He atmosphere.Comment: 33 pages, 31 figures, 5 tables. Accepted for publication at A&