몰디브 스포츠 조직 및 연맹의 거버넌스 발전 방안 분석

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :사범대학 체육교육과,글로벌스포츠매니지먼트전공,2019. 8. 임충훈.Governance is the way organizations are held accountable. It is how rules are regulated, norms and actions are designed and sustained. Good governance is about the processes for making and implementing decisions. Sport organizations are required to become more professional and adopt better governing approach to their operations to serve the objectives of the organization. This paper aims to examine the governance structure in the national sport association/ federations of the Maldives. Four principles, Transparency, Democracy, Accountability and control, and Societal Responsibility were selected among many good governance principles that are identified by other academicians. This paper aims to measure the governance practice related to good governance. The purpose was to find out the issues related to good governance, identify the positive and negative aspects and find solutions for the negative aspects. Find out how good governance principles can be implemented. A survey was conducted in order to verify the hypothesis that was formed. The survey results were then analyzed using SPSS to find the relationship between the independent variable and dependent variable. Interviews were done with experts from the sport industry in the Maldives to study the situation better. The study is significant to the national sport associations and federations in the Maldives because outcome of the study will help future implementation of good governance principles in those organizations. It can be used as a guideline and indicator to measure the good governance implementation. The recommendation and positive feedback can contribute to the improvement of governance implementations.거버넌스는 조직에 책임을 부가하는 방식이다. 즉, 규칙이 규제되는 방식 및 규범과 행동이 고안되고 유지되는 방법을 의미한다. 올바른 거버넌스는 의사 결정을 내리고 구현하는 과정을 말한다. 스포츠 조직은 그들의 목표를 달성하기 위해 더 전문적이어야 하며 운영에 대하여 보다 나은 통치 접근 방식을 채택해야 한다. 본 연구는 몰디브 스포츠 조직의 거버넌스 구조를 조사하는 것을 목표로 한다. 이에 선행 연구를 기반으로 확인된 훌륭한 거버넌스 원리 중에서 투명성, 민주주의, 책임 및 통제, 사회적 책임이라는 네 가지 요소가 선정되었다. 또한 본 연구는 훌륭한 거버넌스와 관련된 거버넌스 요소를 측정하는 것을 목표로 한다. 이를 위하여 훌륭한 거버넌스와 관련된 문제를 탐색하여 스포츠 조직의 긍정적이고 부정적인 측면을 파악하고, 부정적인 측면에 대한 해결책을 찾아 훌륭한 거버넌스 원리를 구현하는 방법을 조사하고자 한다. 연구문제를 검증하기 위하여 SPSS를 이용하여 독립변수와 종속변수 사이의 관계를 탐색하였고, 몰디브 스포츠 조직의 현재 상황 개선을 위하여 몰디브 스포츠 전문가들의 인터뷰를 실시하였다. 본 연구는 몰디브 국가 스포츠 조직 및 연맹 해당 조직에서 더 나은 관리 원칙을 구현하는 데 도움이 될 것이라는 점에서 중요한 역할을 한다. 또한 본 연구는 훌륭한 스포츠 조직을 창조하는 측정지침 및 지표로 사용할 수 있을 것이며 긍정적 피드백을 통해 거버넌스 개선에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 보여 진다.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1. Background 1 1.2. Republic of Maldives, Geography, History of Sports 3 1.3. Sports Governance Structure in Maldives 7 1.4. Sports participation pattern in the Maldives 14 1.5. Purpose of Study 16 1.6. Significance of study 16 1.7. Problem statement 18 1.8. Research Questions 18 Chapter 2. Literature Review 20 2.1. Definitions 20 2.2. International Models to assess governance in sport organizations 23 2.2.1. Henry and Lee (2004) 24 2.2.2. International Olympic Committee - Basic universal principles of good 26 2.2.3. Basic Indicators for Better Governance in International Sport (BIBGIS) 27 2.2.4. Sport governance observer survey 28 2.3. Rationality of Good governance principles 29 2.3.1. Transparency 29 2.3.2. Societal responsibility 30 2.3.3. Democracy 32 2.3.4. Accountability and Control 32 2.4. Assumptions 32 2.5. Aims of Governance 33 Chapter 3. Methodology 35 3.1. Research Design and Research Approach 35 3.2. Sampling Method 36 3.3. Population 37 3.4. Sample Size 37 3.5. Data Collection Instrument Used 38 3.5.1. Quantitative Approach 39 3.5.2. Qualitative Approach 43 3.6. Data Collection Procedure 48 3.6.1. Quantitative Data Collection 48 3.6.2. Qualitative Data Collection 49 3.7. Reliability and Validity 50 3.7.1. Reliability 51 3.7.2. Validity 52 3.8. Pre-testing the questionnaire 53 3.9. Ethical Considerations 54 3.9.1. Obtain Consent 55 3.9.2. Protect from harm 55 3.9.3. Ensure privacy 56 3.10. Data Analysis – Statistical Tools Used 57 3.11. Limitations of study 57 3.12. Assumptions 59 Chapter 4. Analysis and Results 62 4.1. Quantitative Analysis and Result 64 4.1.1. Response rate of survey 64 4.1.2. Demographic characteristics of the Respondents 65 4.1.3. Reliability Analysis 72 4.1.4. Correlation Analysis 75 4.1.5. Independent sample T-Test Analysis 78 4.1.6. Mean differences 85 4.2. Qualitative Analysis and Result 86 Chapter 5. Discussion 93 5.1. Current level of good governance 94 5.2. Level of implementation of good governance 96 5.3. Extent to which good governance is needed 98 5.4. Actions to be taken 100 5.5. Limitation of the findings 101 5.6. Areas for further research 102 Chapter 6. Conclusion 104 References 106 Appendix 113 Appendix 1. online Survey Questionnaire (Sample) 113 Appendix 2: Participant Consent Form 123 Appendix 3. Interview Questionnaire 124 초 록 126Maste

Perbaikan Kualitas Pada Proses Produksi Kabel Type NYA dengan Metode Quality Control Circle (QCC) Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Kabel di Banyumas

Cable Manufacturer Company (PT. XYZ) is one of electronic companies which produce frequency cable, low voltage, audio video, and power cable. The production of cable certainly needs good quality control in order to become a superior competitor thus increasing the customer loyalty. The aim of this research is to control the quality of NYA cable by using the method of Quality Control Circle (QCC). The QQC method is a method which controls the quality of structured product, consists of 8 steps to make continuous improvements. At the step of searching for the defect type, it uses seven tools, namely the Pareto diagram. The highest defect type on 1,5 mm2 NYA cable caused by lumps and illegible printings. Then, target is determined based on the reject ratio data of 1,5 mm2 NYA cable which is equal to 0,50%. The target achievement could be done by knowing cause and effect of defect cable using fishbone diagram and lFailure lMode lEffect lAnalysis (FMEA). The QCC implementation result in PT. XYZ is product quality improvement due to illegible defect printing caused by human and machine factors so that becomes a main priority to be repaired. Perusahaan Manufaktur Kabel (PT. XYZ) adalah salah satu perusahaan elektronik yang memproduksi kabel frekuensi, low voltage, audio video, dan kabel power. Produksi kabel tentunya membutuhkan pengendalian kualitas yang baik agar dapat menjadi kompetitor yang unggul sehingga meningkatkan loyalitas pelanggan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan pengendalian kualitas kabel NYA dengan menggunakan metode Quality lControl lCircle (QCC). Metode QCC merupakan metode lpengendalian lkualitas produk yang terstruktur, terdiri dari 8 langkah untuk melakukan perbaikan yang berkesinambungan. Pada tahap pencarian jenis defect,  menggunakan alat bantu seven tools yaitu diagram pareto. Jenis defect tertinggi pada kabel NYA 1,5 mm2 disebabkan karena adanya gembung dan printing tidak terbaca. Kemudian target ditentukan berdasarkan data reject ratio kabel NYA 1,5 mm2 yaitu sebesar 0,50%. Pencapaian target dapat dilakukan dengan mengetahui sebab akibat defect kabel menggunakan diagram fishbone dan Failure Mode lEffect lAnalysis (FMEA). Hasil implementasi QCC di PT. XYZ adalah perbaikan kualitas produk akibat defect printing tidak terbaca disebabkan oleh faktor manusia dan mesin sehingga menjadi prioritas utama untuk dilakukan perbaikan.

The structure of an NDR/LATS kinase – mob complex reveals a novel kinase-coactivator system and substrate docking mechanism.

Eukaryotic cells commonly use protein kinases in signaling systems that relay information and control a wide range of processes. These enzymes have a fundamentally similar structure, but achieve functional diversity through variable regions that determine how the catalytic core is activated and recruited to phosphorylation targets. "Hippo" pathways are ancient protein kinase signaling systems that control cell proliferation and morphogenesis; the NDR/LATS family protein kinases, which associate with "Mob" coactivator proteins, are central but incompletely understood components of these pathways. Here we describe the crystal structure of budding yeast Cbk1-Mob2, to our knowledge the first of an NDR/LATS kinase-Mob complex. It shows a novel coactivator-organized activation region that may be unique to NDR/LATS kinases, in which a key regulatory motif apparently shifts from an inactive binding mode to an active one upon phosphorylation. We also provide a structural basis for a substrate docking mechanism previously unknown in AGC family kinases, and show that docking interaction provides robustness to Cbk1's regulation of its two known in vivo substrates. Co-evolution of docking motifs and phosphorylation consensus sites strongly indicates that a protein is an in vivo regulatory target of this hippo pathway, and predicts a new group of high-confidence Cbk1 substrates that function at sites of cytokinesis and cell growth. Moreover, docking peptides arise in unstructured regions of proteins that are probably already kinase substrates, suggesting a broad sequential model for adaptive acquisition of kinase docking in rapidly evolving intrinsically disordered polypeptides

Usulan Mitigasi Risiko Melalui Integrasi COSO-Enterprise Risk Management dan ISO 31000 (Studi Kasus: Program Studi Teknik Industri Fakultas Teknik Unsoed)

Sebagai Program Studi yang baru didirikan pada tahun 2015, Prodi Teknik Industri Universitas Jenderal Soedirman (Unsoed) masih memiliki akreditasi yang belum optimal. Selain itu, beberapa sasaran strategis yang ditetapkan Fakultas Teknik untuk Prodi Teknik Industri Unsoed masih belum tercapai. Perlu adanya manajemen risiko agar Prodi Teknik Industri dapat mencapai sasaran strategis yang ditetapkan dan hasil akreditasi yang optimal. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi risiko dan memberikan penilaian risiko sehingga menghasilkan usulan mitigasi risiko pada Program Studi Teknik Industri Unsoed. Metode yang digunakan adalah framework manajemen risiko melalui integrasi ISO 31000 dengan COSO-ERM. ISO 31000 adalah standar internasional berupa framework yang dapat menerapkan manajemen risiko suatu organisasi secara menyeluruh, baik internal maupun eksternal. Framework manajemen risiko lainnya adalah menggunakan COSO-ERM (Enterprise Risk Management) dengan tujuan untuk menanggulangi risiko yang sedang terjadi maupun risiko yang akan terjadi dimasa yang akan datang namun hanya diterapkan pada ruang lingkup internal. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penilaian risiko residual menghasilkan menghasilkan 7 kategori low, 5 kategori medium, 9 kategori high, dan 2 kategori extreme. Risiko yang telah diberikan pengendalian (residual) mengalami kenaikan sebanyak 7 risiko dan harus diberikan usulan mitigasi. Kemudian terdapat 11 risiko telah melewati batas garis toleransi yang artinya Program Studi Teknik Industri Unsoed harus diberikan usulan mitigasi risiko. Usulan mitigasi tersebut yaitu monitoring, evaluasi, serta dilakukan peningkatan agar tujuan dapat tercapai

Morphometric Study of Diabetes Related Alterations in Human Parotid Gland and Comparison with Submandibular Gland

Type 2 diabetes mellitus represents one of the principal diseases that afflict the world population and is often associated with malfunction of salivary glands and consequent oral diseases. We recently described significant ultrastructural alterations in the human submandibular gland in diabetic patients without evident oral pathologies. Herein, an analogs morphometrical investigation was focused on the parotid gland in order to evaluate if one of the two glands is more affected by diabetes. Parotid fragments from diabetic and nondiabetic patients were fixed, dehydrated, and processed for light and electron microscopy. Serous cells were randomly photographed and the density and size of several structures involved in the secretory process were examined by morphometry. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed significant changes in the number of apically docked granules and vesicles, suggesting that the last steps in exocytosis are somehow altered in diabetic cells. Other variables analyzed by light and transmission electron microscopy such as the size of acini and secretory granules did not show significant changes, but comparison with previous data obtained with submandibular gland cells demonstrated that the two glands are affected differently. Anat Rec, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Records of fishes from Yamato Bank, the Japan Sea

departmental bulletin pape

Migration of spotted mackerel Scomber australasicus estimated from a tagging experiment off Ashizuri Cape and around the Izu Islands, central and southern Pacific coast of Japan

To examine the migration of spotted mackerel Scomber australasicus in the waters of the Pacific Ocean around Japan, 9,268 individuals were tagged with normal spaghetti anchor tag and released in the waters around Ashizuri Cape and the Izu Islands from February 1999 to November 2003. A total of 83 fish were recaptured until May 2005, and the total recapture rate is 0.9%. Of these, 68（81.9%）fish were recaptured in the waters adjacent to the release sites. Two fish were recaptured in the waters of Kumano-nada and three fish off the Sanriku coast. These results suggest that the spotted mackerel migrated eastward and northward over a long distance in a relatively short period in the feeding season. Two fish released in the Enshu-nada were recaptured off Ashizuri Cape after a period up to 2 years (one in main spawning season)．Five fish were recaptured in the adjacent waters of the release sites after more than one year in the present study. Based on these results we suggest that the spotted mackerel migrates eastward and northward for feeding and returns to the wintering or spawning grounds in successive years, or remain in the same area for more than one year after release.日本周辺の太平洋側海域におけるゴマサバの移動・回遊を明らかにするために，足摺岬周辺及び伊豆諸島海域において，1999年2月から2003年11月にかけて6放流群，9,268尾のゴマサバにスパゲティ型の通常標識を装着放流した。2005年5月までに83尾の標識魚の再捕報告があり，再捕率は総計で0.9％であった。多くの再捕魚は放流海域周辺で再捕されたが，一部は三陸沖などの放流海域から遠く離れた海域で再捕された。これらの遠距離再捕情報から，索餌期には放流海域の東方ないしは北方に移動・回遊することが明らかになった。再捕魚の中には，放流後１年以上経過した後も放流海域近傍で再捕されるものもあった。さらに，遠州灘で放流された個体が3ヶ月後（産卵盛期に相当）と約2年後に足摺岬沖で再捕されたことから，両海域で群れの交流がある可能性が示された。以上の結果から，足摺岬周辺海域から伊豆諸島周辺海域のゴマサバは索餌期に東方（足摺岬放流群）ないしは北方（伊豆諸島周辺海域放流群）へ移動・回遊すること，冬期にはそれぞれ越冬場へ南下あるいは黒潮上流域へ移動する個体が存在すること，さらに産卵期には黒潮の上流域の産卵場へ移動・回遊するものがあることが明らかになった。departmental bulletin pape

Osteocrin is a specific ligand of the natriuretic peptide clearance receptor that modulates bone growth

Osteocrin (Ostn) is a recently discovered secreted protein produced by cells of the osteoblast lineage that shows a well conserved homology with members of the natriuretic peptide (NP) family. We hypothesized that Ostn could interact with the NP receptors, thereby modulating NP actions on the skeleton. Ostn binds specifically and saturably to the NP peptide receptor-C (NPR-C) receptor with a K-d of similar to 5 nM with no binding to the GC-A or GC-B receptors. Deletion of several of the residues deemed important for NP binding to NPR-C led to abolition of Ostn binding, confirming the presence of a "natriuretic motif." Functionally, Ostn was able to augment C-type natriuretic peptide-stimulated cGMP production in both pre-chondrocytic (ATDC5) and osteoblastic (UMR106) cells, suggesting increased NP levels due to attenuation of NPR-C associated NP clearance. Ostn-transgenic mice displayed elongated bones and a marked kyphosis associated with elevated bone cGMP levels, suggesting that elevated natriuretic peptide activity contributed to the increased bone length possibly through an increase in growth plate chondrocyte proliferation. Thus, we have demonstrated that Ostn is a naturally occurring ligand of the NPR-C clearance receptor and may act to locally modulate the actions of the natriuretic system in bone by blocking the clearance action of NPR-C, thus locally elevating levels of C-type natriuretic peptide

Seasonal change in daily ration of brown sole Pleuronectes herzensteini in the coastal waters of northern Niigata Prefecture, Japan

Stomach contents of 2,407 brown sole Pleuronectes herzensteini collected from the Sea of Japan off northern Niigata Prefecture, Japan, during 1982-1985 were examined to estimate daily ration. Samples were collected throughout the 24-h day. Instantaneous evacuation rate (R) was estimated from the depletion of stomach contents (percent body weight) with time during the night for using Elliott and Persson's (1978) model. When the obvious feeding periodicity was not seen, R was estimated from the relationship between R and temperature (T) described by Durbin et al. (1983); R=0.043e^0.115T. Gastric evacuation rates were used in conjunction with the field data to estimate the daily ration. Brown sole fed mainly on polychaetes through the year except April 1984. Bregmaceros japonicus (Pisces; Bregmacerotidae) was an important component of the diet in April 1984. Daily ration was high during the post-spawning season and highest in May (4.75% of body weight). In autumn and winter, the daily ration was low and was lowest in February/March, just before the spawning season (0.48% of body weight). The seasonal variation of the daily ration seems to be closely related to physiological conditions. It is estimated that the annual ration was about 831.5% of body weight and about 8,870 metric tons of food were consumed by brown sole per year in this study area.International Symposium on North Pacific Flatfish. 26-28 October 1994. Anchorage, Alaska, USA