Reproduction characteristics of ouled djellal rams in a semi-arid area in algeria

The assessment of reproduction characteristics of an Algerian local sheep in a semi-arid zone was the objective of this study. Twenty rams of Ouled Djellal breed were used. The parameters analyzed were testosterone rate, testicular diameter, ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, mass motility, and percentage of live and dead spermatozoids (SPZ). The results obtained showed that the mean monthly testosterone rate was high throughout the year (4 ng/mL), increased in spring, peaked in summer (July) (4.9 ng/mL), and decreased in autumn and winter to reach a minimum value (January) of 1.9 ng/mL. Similarly, testicular diameter, ejaculate volume, sperm concentration and count showed high levels in spring and summer and decreased in autumn and winter. The maximum and minimum values were respectively, 7.09 cm, 1.55 mL, 4 billion/mL, 3.5, 79.37%, 21% and 5.46 cm, 0.80 mL, 2.50 billion SPZ/mL, 2.81, 77.36%, and 20.42%. Significant effects of season on serum testosterone levels, testicular conformation, ejaculate volume, and concentration were recorded in this study. Indeed, the rates of these parameters increased significantly (P<0.05) during spring/summer and decreased during autumn/winter except for motility, and the percentage of live and dead sperm. Testicular conformation was positively correlated with testosterone concentration, ejaculate volume, and semen concentration. To conclude, Ouled Djellal breed seemed not to be very sensitive to the photoperiod and little affected by high temperature

Zootehnički, bakteriološki i histometrijski učinci kombinacije veziva za mikotoksin-sredstva za zakiseljavanje u tovnih pilića

Mycotoxins are present in food and cannot be eliminated even by using modern technological processes in food manufacture; they can cause pathologies and economic losses in the poultry industry. To combat their effects, this study aimed to test the incorporation of a mycotoxin binder (MICOTEC 0.1%) associated with an acidifier (TECAVIAR 0.1%), both marketed in Algeria, in the feed distributed to broilers. During this study, a beneficial effect was found in subjects consuming the supplemented food compared to the control subjects. In addition to the significant decrease in mortality (51.47%), test subjects showed an average weight of 3308.1 g, which was significantly higher than control subjects (2876.25 g). The data revealed a significant reduction in the number of total and faecal coliforms, with prevalence ranging from 3.1 to 36.5% vs 63.2 to 96.9% for the control group. An increase in the length of the small intestine (24.13 cm), increase in the weight of the Fabricius bursa (FB; 1.25 g), weight of the gizzard (10.25 g) and finally an increase in the weight of the wishbone (153.87 g) were recorded in the test subjects. The results indicate that the association of mycotoxin binder-acidifier in broiler chickens can improve growth performance. Further experiments are required to confirm more effects (with different doses, different strains, and other organs).Mikotoksini su prisutni u hrani i nije ih moguće eliminirati niti uporabom modernih tehnoloških procesa u prehrambenoj industriji; mogu prouzročitit patologije i ekonomske gubitke u peradarskoj industriji. Za borbu protiv njihovih učinaka, odlučili smo ispitati alternativne načine inkorporiranjem veziva za mikotoksin (MICOTEC 0,1 %) u kombinaciji sa sredstvom za zakiseljavanje (TECAVIAR 0,1 %), koji se prodaju na tržištu u Alžiru, u hranu koja se daje tovnim pilićima. Tijekom ove studije otkrili smo vrlo blagotvoran učinak na subjekte koji su konzumirali hranu s dodacima u usporedbi s kontrolnim subjektima. U stvari, zamijetili smo, uz značajno smanjenje mortaliteta (51,47 %), prosječnu masu od 3308,10 g, što je značajno više od one kontrolnih subjekata (2876,25 g). Uz to, podatci su otkrili značajno smanjenje broja ukupnih fekalnih koliforma, s prevalencijom u rasponu od 3,07 % do 36,50 % u usporedbi s 63,22 % do 96,93 % za kontrolnu skupinu. Zamijetili smo i povećanje duljine tankog crijeva s 24,13 cm, povećanje mase Fabriciusove burze (FB) s vrijednošću od 1,25 g, mase želudca (10,25 g) te povećanje mase jadca (153,87 g). Na temelju ovih podataka, moguće je rabiti kombinaciju veziva mikotoksina i sredstva za zakiseljavanje u tovnih pilića za poboljšanje rasta. Potrebni su dodatni eksperimenti za potvrđivanje više učinaka (s različitim dozama, različitim sojevima i drugim organima)

Utjecaj načina reprodukcije i soja na učinkovitost razmnožavanja kunića

This study was carried out to determine the impact of the mode of reproduction and the strain (male and female) of rabbits on some zootechnical and reproduction parameters. For that, monitoring was carried out in 2019 in the region of Setif (North Eastern Algeria) on a semi-intensive breeding of 25 crossbreed rabbits. The statistical analysis showed a very highly significant effect of the mode of reproduction on the number of mating per fertilizing mating (P= 0.0001) with an average of 1 ± 0 in AI (Fertility rate of 80%), while it was of 1.45 ± 0.51 in natural breeding with a fertility rate of 61%. The weight of the rabbits at weaning was higher in AI than in natural mating (587.25 ± 338.19 g vs. 575.0 ± 375.44 g, respectively). The results relating to the number of total born, born alive, weaned rabbits, the farrowing-mating interval and the farrowing-fertilizing mating interval in natural mode were respectively of (7.4 ± 3.12), (4.55 ± 3.12), (4.55 ± 3.12), (12.65 ± 2.30), (19.15 ± 3.58); and in AI: (6.90 ± 4.12), (5.75 ± 4 .12), (5.75 ± 4.12), (11.65 ± 2.05), (18.99 ± 3.2) (P>0.05). Furthermore, and regarding the strains, data revealed that the females did not have any significant effect on the variables studied. On the contrary, the male had a very highly significant effect on the number of mating per fertilizing mating (p = 0.000), while it had no impact on the other parameters (P>0.05). To conclude, the control and the management of reproduction is the key to success in rabbit breeding, thus the combination of rearing condition and genetic effects is the main tool for making rabbit farming successful.Ova studija je provedena u svrhu utvrđivanja utjecaja načina reprodukcije i soja (za mužjaka i ženku) kunića na neke zootehničke i reprodukcijske parametre. U tu svrhu je 2019. godine obavljen nadzor u regiji Setif (sjeveroistočni Alžir) poluintenzivnog uzgoja 25 kunića križanaca. Statistička analiza je pokazala vrlo značajan utjecaj načina reprodukcije na broj parenja po parenju koje je dovelo do začeća (P=0,0001) s prosjekom od 1 ± 0 kod umjetnog osjemenjivanja (stopa plodnosti od 80 %), dok je iznosila 1,45 ± 0,51 u prirodnom parenju sa stopom plodnosti od 61%. Masa kunića kod odbića je bila veća kod umjetnog osjemenjivanja nego kod parenja (587,25 ± 338,19 g, odnosno 575,0 ± 375,44 g). Rezultati u svezi s brojem ukupno okoćenih, živorođenih i odbijenih kunića te interval od okota do parenja koje je dovelo do začeća prirodnim načinom bio je (7,4 ± 3,12), (4,55 ± 3,12), (4,55 ± 3,12), (12,65 ± 2,30), odnosno (19,15 ± 3,58); a kod umjetnog osjemenjivanja: (6,90 ± 4,12), (5,75 ± 4,12), (5,75 ± 4,12), (11,65 ± 2,05), odnosno (18,99 ± 3,2) (P>0,05). Nadalje te u svezi sa sojevima, podatci su pokazali da ženke nisu imale značajnog utjecaja na proučavane varijable. S druge strane, mužjaci su imali vrlo značajan utjecaj na broj parenja po parenju koje je dovelo do začeća (P= 0,000), dok nije bilo utjecaja na druge parametre (P>0,05). Zaključno, kontrola i upravljanje reprodukcijom ključ su za uspjeh u uzgoju kunića, stoga je kombinacija uvjeta uzgoja i genetičkih učinaka glavni alat za uspješan uzgoj kunića

Evaluation of zootechnical and sanitary performances of broiler chickens in semi-arid conditions

Cilj je ove studije bio utvrditi zootehničku učinkovitost na farmi peradi koja se nalazi u Alžiru, polusušnoj zonu te procijeniti razinu upravljanja uzgojem. Tijekom 64 tjedana nadzirano je jato pilića sastavljeno od 583 mužjaka i 5026 ženki za rasplod. Redovito su bilježeni zootehnički i sanitarni parametri (zgrada, oprema, uvjeti okoliša, proizvodnja, prikupljanje i skladištenje jaja, stopa mortaliteta). Dobiveni rezultati su pokazali da su temperatura, vlažnost i intenzitet svjetlosti bili nestabilni i bilo ih je teško kontrolirati. Rasplodna farma nije nudila granulirano krmivo, dok su dodatci prehrani i preventivno liječenje sistematski primjenjivani između 19. i 30. tjedna. Suprotno tome, tretiranje protiv parazita bilo je ograničeno samo na antibiotsku prevenciju, a ovo je stanje dodatno otežano opasnostima povezanima s prisutnim kretanjem glodavaca u blizini peradi. Za upravljanje parenjem, na početku je ispoštovan omjer spola te je isti održavan tijekom faze proizvodnje. Prosječna stopa mortaliteta tijekom faze proizvodnje bila je visoka (u mužjaka 42,92 % u usporedbi s onom u ženki 8,84 % − PThis study aimed to determine zootechnical performance on a poultry farm located in a semi-arid zone in Algeria and to evaluate the level of breeding management. Over 64 weeks, a flock of 583 males and 5026 female reproducers was monitored. Zootechnical and sanitary parameters were recorded regularly (building, equipment, environmental conditions, production, harvest and storage of eggs, mortality rate). The results obtained showed that temperature, humidity and light intensity were unstable and difficult to control. The breeding farm did not offer granulated feed while nutritional supplements and preventive treatments were administered systematically between the 19th and 30th weeks. Antiparasitic treatments were limited to prevention only, this condition was aggravated by the danger linked to rodent movements among livestock. For reproduction management, the sex ratio was respected at the start, and was maintained during the production phase. The average mortality rate during the production phase was higher in males (42.92%) than females (8.84%). Laying performance was generally within standards (the start of laying was around the 24th week with a later peak around the 29th week). An acceptable level of livestock management and production was found, in compliance with standards. Given the problems reported during monitoring, we recommend the organisation of training days for all livestock staff

Učinak dodatka hrani (zakiseljivača i sredstva za vezivanje toksina) u proizvodnji mlijeka u mliječnih krava

Dairy cow feeding plays an important role in milk production. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a feed additive (association of acidifier and mycotoxin binder) on milk production in dairy cattle. For this purpose, 22 cows belonging to three breeds (Montbeliard, Holstein, and Flekveih) were used. The cows were divided into two groups; a control group with seven cows and an experimental group with 15 animals. The results showed that the additive had a positive effect on milk production (23.14±5.87 litres for the experimental group vs 18.00±6.90 litres for the control). The additive also had a good effect on the percentage of sub-clinical mastitis: the Californian Mastitis Test (CMT) carried out at monthly intervals showed a clear improvement in the udder health of females in the experiment with 13 positive samples in the first test for nine cows (with four affected teats) and 10 positive samples for the second test in three cows (with three affected teats). Moreover, statistical tests revealed a significant difference in the mean fat content (35 g/L vs 23.86 g/L, respectively) while the average Faeces Consistency Score and Dornic acidity was lower in the experimental group compared to the control (2.23 vs 3.21 and 13.83 vs 16.14, respectively). These results show the importance of incorporating the feed additive into the diet of dairy cows and the need to implement an extension programme and zootechnical supervision of all actors in the sector to ensure the quality of milk production and the performance of dairy cows.Hranidba mliječnih krava je vrlo važna u njihovoj proizvodnji. Ova studija je provedena za procjenu učinka dodatka hrani (kombinacije zakiseljivača i sredstva za vezivanje mikotoksina) na proizvodnju mlijeka u mliječnih krava. U tu su svrhu praćeme 22 krave: 3 pasmine (montbeliard, holstein i flekveih). Krave su podijeljene u 2 skupine: kontrolnu skupinu sa 7 krava i eksperimentalnu skupinu s 15 životinja. Dobiveni rezultati pokazali su da organska kiselina ima pozitivan učinak na proizvodnju mlijeka (23,14±5,87 litara za eksperimentalnu skupinu u usporedbi s 18,00±6,90 litara za kontrolnu skupinu). Uz to, aditiv je imao i pozitivan učinak na postotak subkliničkog mastitisa. Kalifornijski mastitis test (CMT) proveden u razmaku od 1 mjeseca za životinje pokazao je jasno poboljšanje zdravlja vimena krava podvrgnutih istraživanju s 13 pozitivnih uzoraka u prvom testu za 9 krava (s 4 zahvaćene sise) i 10 drugih pozitivnih uzoraka za drugi test u 3 krave (s 3 zahvaćene sise). Statistički testovi su otkrili značajnu razliku između prosječnog udjela masnoća (35 g/L u usporedbi s 23,86 g/L) dok je prosječno bodovanje konzistencije izmeta i kiselost po Dornicu bilo niže u istoj skupini u usporedbi s kontrolnom skupinom (2,23 u usporedbi s 3,21 i 13,83 u usporedbi s 16,14). Podatci su pokazali važnost i potrebu dodatka hrani u hranidbu mliječnih krava i potrebu za provedbom programa proširenja i zootehničkog nadzora svih aktera u sektoru da bi se osigurala kvaliteta proizvodnje mlijeka i učinkovitost mliječnih krava

Učinak uporabe adsorbensa toksina na učinkovitost rasta tovnih pilića

Raw material mixtures in compound feeds may increase the risk of contamination with different mycotoxins, and their intake can lead to interactive toxic effects. As a result, there is a growing awareness of the risks posed to human and animal health by the presence of toxins produced by fungi in food and diet. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of the use of a mycotoxin binder (Micotec) on zootechnical performance in broilers. For this purpose, 3000 day-old chicks of the Arbor acres strain originating from the same hatchery were weighed and distributed equally into six groups [one control (C) and five experimental (Exp), as five repetitions receiving the mycotoxin binder Micotec at a dose of 0.1 kg]. All subjects (control and experimental groups) were fed a standard staple food suitable for each phase of rearing. The results showed significant differences between the experimental groups and the control one. The best zootechnical performances were recorded in experimental groups receiving the mycotoxin binder, compared to the control. The average weight in the finishing phase for the experimental groups was 3083.6 ± 140.7 g/subject, which was higher than the control group (2800 g/subject) (P<0.05). The consumption index was 1.62 ± 0.08% in the experimental groups, which was 1.84% higher than in chicks of the control group, positively impacting the profitability of breeding. In addition, a lower mortality rate was recorded in the experimental groups than the control (3.01 ± 0.08% vs 7.78%). According to these results, Micotec appears to be a promising additive in improving the zootechnical performance of broilers by adsorbing several types of mycotoxins and reducing their toxic power to ensure safe feed for animals and minimise economic losses caused by these contaminants.Mješavina različitih sirovina u krmnim smjesama može povećati rizik od kontaminacije s nekoliko mikotoksina, a njihov unos može dovesti do interaktivnih toksičnih učinaka. Kao rezultat, zbog prisutnosti toksina koje proizvode gljivice u hrani i prehrani postoji sve veća svijest o rizicima za zdravlje ljudi i životinja. Cilj je ove studije bio procijeniti učinak uporabe sredstva za vezivanje mikotoksina (Micotec) na zootehničku učinkovitost u tovnih pilića. U tu je svrhu, tri tisuće (3000) pilića soja Arbor acres starih jedan dan iz iste valionice izvagano je i homogeno podijeljeno u 6 skupina (1 kontrolna (C) i 5 eksperimentalnih (Exp) koje su uključivale 5 ponavljanja primanja sredstva za vezivanje mikotoksina Micotec) u dozi od 0,1 kg. Svi pilići i iz kontrole i iz eksperimentalnih skupina hranjeni su standardnom osnovnom hranom prikladnom za svaku fazu uzgoja. Dobiveni rezultati pokazali su značajne razlike između eksperimentalnih skupina i kontrolne skupine. Naime, bolja zootehnička učinkovitost u usporedbi s kontrolnom skupinom zabilježena je u eksperimentalnim skupinama koje su primale sredstvo za vezivanje mikotoksina. Prosječna masa u završnoj fazi za eksperimentalne skupine bila je 3083,6 ± 140,65 g / piliću što je više u usporedbi s kontrolnom skupinom (2800 g / piliću) (P<0,05). Osim toga, indeks potrošnje bio je 1,62 % ± 0,078 u eksperimentalnim skupinama što je bolje u usporedbi s onim zabilježenim u pilića u kontrolnoj skupini (1,84 %), a to pokazuje pozitivan učinak na profitabilnost uzgoja; uz to je i niska stopa smrtnosti zabilježena u eksperimentalnim skupinama (3,01 % ± 0,078 u usporedbi sa 7,78 % za kontrolnu skupinu). Prema ovim rezultatima, Micotec se čini kao obećavajući aditiv u poboljšanju zootehničke učinkovitosti tovnih pilića apsorpcijom nekoliko vrsta mikotoksina i smanjenjem njihove toksičnosti osiguravajući sigurnu hranu za životinje, a koja smanjuje i ekonomske gubitke prouzročene tim mikotoksinima

Effects Of Symbiotics On The Bursa Of Fabricius And Internal Organs

Probiotics play a central role in maintaining health and preventing many disorders. They are microbial food supplements that have an effect on the health of the host. They protect the body itself from infections, particularly of the gastrointestinal tract. The study of weight performance and the yield of slaughtered products (liver spleen) showed that the best growth performances were recorded with the probiotic-treated subjects, with significant differences (p&lt; 0.05). Similarly, the microbiological study showed that Lacidophilus adapts well to the animal\u27s digestive tract, interacting with the endogenous flora through a reduction in E coli in both phases. The experiment was carried out on two flocks of broilers of the ARBOR ACRES strain vaccinated against infectious bursal disease with a complex immune vaccine on the first day, with a view to assessing changes in the bursa of Fabricius during the various rearing phases (end of start-up and end of growth). At the same time, measurements of the bursal index were carried out on the bursa of chickens from the two buildings, treated and control. This study showed that the bursal index is heterogeneous within the same flock and between the two rearing buildings. 57.63% of the chickens were in the \u27poor\u27 class (bursal index &lt; 0.15%). The state of bursal atrophy was moderate to very severe. Based on these field observations, we can conclude that broiler farms suffer from poor prophylactic management due in part to the various stresses caused during rearing, poor hygienic conditions and dependence on the choice of using the right vaccine strains against infectious bursal disease

Prevalencija i identifikacija Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis u zaklanih ovaca u središnjoj regiji Alžira

Caseous lymphadenitis, also called abscess disease, is an infectious, cosmopolitan disease. The causative agent is a Gram-positive bacillus, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis that is resistant to antibiotic treatment. Humans become infected with this bacillus, but the disease is considered a neglected zoonosis. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and to identify Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in sheep slaughtered in central Algeria. For this purpose, 897 animals were examined and samples (pus) were taken from 12 sheep with abscesses to perform bacteriological study. Sex, age, and location of the abscess were noted. The results obtained showed an overall prevalence of 1.33%. The highest rate (50%) was observed in animals aged between 8 months and 1 year. Males were more affected by abscesses (66.7%) than females (33.3%). As for localisation, 41% of abscesses were found in the pulmonary lymph nodes and 25% in the submandibular region. Infection by Corynebacterium was estimated at a rate of 25%, lower than that obtained for Staphylococcus (41.7%). Regarding the zoonotic nature of the disease, the bacteria’s ability to survive in the external environment, and the high risk of contamination, management measures should be implemented for better disease control and prevention.Kazeozni limfadenitis (CL), zvan i pseudotuberkuloza, zarazna je kozmopolitska bolest. Uzročnik je gram-pozitivna bakterija, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis otporna na liječenje antibioticima. Ljudi se mogu zaraziti ovom bakterijom, ali se bolest smatra zanemarenom zoonozom. Cilj ove studije bio je procijeniti prevalenciju i identificirati Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis u ovaca zaklanih u središnjoj regiji Alžira. U tu svrhu, 897 životinja je ispitano i uzorci (gnoj) su izuzeti od 12 ovaca s apscesima za potrebe bakteriološke studije. Zabilježeni su spol, dob i lokacija apscesa. Dobiveni rezultati pokazali su sveukupnu prevalenciju od 1,33 %. Najveća stopa (50 %) zamijećena je u životinja u dobi između 8 mjeseci i 1 godine. Mužjaci su imali više apscesa (66,7 %) od ženki (33,3 %). Što se tiče lokalizacije, 41 % apscesa pronađeno je u plućnim limfnim čvorovima, a 25 % u submandibularnom području. Infekcija bakterijom Corynebacterium procijenjena je u stopi od 25 %, što je manje od stope dobivene za Staphylococcus (41,7 %). U konačnici, s obzirom na zoonotsku prirodu CL-a, preživljavanje bakterije u vanjskom okruženju te veliki rizik od zaraze, potrebno je implementirati mjere upravljanja za bolju kontrolu i prevenciju bolesti

Zootechnical, bacteriological, and histometrical effects of a combination mycotoxin binder-acidifier in broiler chickens

Mycotoxins are present in food and cannot be eliminated even by using modern technological processes in food manufacture; they can cause pathologies and economic losses in the poultry industry. To combat their effects, this study aimed to test the incorporation of a mycotoxin binder (MICOTEC 0.1%) associated with an acidifier (TECAVIAR 0.1%), both marketed in Algeria, in the feed distributed to broilers. During this study, a beneficial effect was found in subjects consuming the supplemented food compared to the control subjects. In addition to the significant decrease in mortality (51.47%), test subjects showed an average weight of 3308.1 g, which was significantly higher than control subjects (2876.25 g). The data revealed a significant reduction in the number of total and faecal coliforms, with prevalence ranging from 3.1 to 36.5% vs 63.2 to 96.9% for the control group. An increase in the length of the small intestine (24.13 cm), increase in the weight of the Fabricius bursa (FB; 1.25 g), weight of the gizzard (10.25 g) and finally an increase in the weight of the wishbone (153.87 g) were recorded in the test subjects. The results indicate that the association of mycotoxin binder-acidifier in broiler chickens can improve growth performance. Further experiments are required to confirm more effects (with different doses, different strains, and other organs).</jats:p

Contribution to the study of mastitis in camels in southeastern Algeria

Mastitis is an important disease on camel farms in Algeria, affecting camels at different stages of lactation. This study includes several camel farms in the wilaya of Oued Souf and Ouergla in southeastern Algeria, where the consumption of raw camel milk is important, but it can expose consumers to the risk of zoonotic agents, which are currently underestimated. The objective of the study is to estimate the prevalence of the disease and detect the bacteria involved. The number of animals in the herds surveyed was 56 dromedaries.The CMT test revealed that mastitis had a prevalence of 26%; it was most prevalent in females aged between 14 and 35 years (57%), and the majority of cases occurred in summer with a prevalence of 38% compared with 19% in spring. Bacteriological analysis showed that staphylococcus aureus was the main cause of subclinical mastitis (79%), followed by Escherichia coli (21%). However, in the clinical form we found that E.coli is the most involved, with a prevalence of 75%, followed by staphylococcus aureus in 25% of cases.&nbsp; The bacterial strains isolated were resistant to certain antibiotics such as streptomycin and ofloxacin, but were also sensitive to amoxicillin and sulphamethoprim