Photoplastic effects in chalcogenide glasses: A review

A synopsis of the various photoinduced changes of rheological, mechanical and elastic properties is presented in the first part of the article. After a critical appraisal of a large body of experimental data it suggested that the photoviscous effect, that is, the athermal decrease of viscosity of a non-crystalline chalcogenide upon illumination is the key for a plethora of photoinduced effects reported so far in the literature under different names. Morphic effects (shape or surface morphology) may ap-pear either in the presence or absence of external mechanical stimuli leading to the fabrication of a variety of technologically important photoprocessed structures. A few representative examples of photoplastic effects are described, in the second part of the paper, in some detail based on information provided by in situ Raman scattering and nanoindentation experiments.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figure

Photoinduced 3D orientational order in side chain liquid crystalline azopolymers

We apply experimental technique based on the combination of methods dealing with principal refractive indices and absorption coefficients to study the photoinduced 3D orientational order in the films of liquid crystalline (LC) azopolymers. The technique is used to identify 3D orientational configurations of trans azobenzene chromophores and to characterize the degree of ordering in terms of order parameters. We study two types of LC azopolymers which form structures with preferred in-plane and out-of-plane alignment of azochromophores, correspondingly. Using irradiation with the polarized light of two different wavelengths we find that the kinetics of photoinduced anisotropy can be dominated by either photo-reorientation or photoselection mechanisms depending on the wavelength. We formulate the phenomenological model describing the kinetics of photoinduced anisotropy in terms of the isomer concentrations and the order parameter tensor. We present the numerical results for absorption coefficients that are found to be in good agreement with the experimental data. The model is also used to interpret the effect of changing the mechanism with the wavelength of the pumping light.Comment: uses revtex4 28 pages, 10 figure

Plasmonic enhancement in the fluorescence of organic and biological molecules by photovoltaic tweezing assembly

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Advanced Materials Technologies 2.8 (2017): 1700024, which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/admt.201700024. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-ArchivingThe potential of photovoltaic tweezers to produce plasmonic platforms for fluorescence enhancement of organic or biological molecules is demonstrated. 1D and 2D patterns of silver nanoparticles have been produced on the surface of LiNbO3:Fe substrates using this photovoltaic tool, which allows depositing in parallel a large number of particles in accordance with imposed 1D and 2D light profiles. The nanoparticle patterns reveal a variety of plasmonic features whose resonances cover a broad spectral range and are able to produce efficient fluorescence enhancement. First a remarkable average enhancement factor of ten has been measured for Disperse Red 1 organic molecules deposited on the patterns. Clear enhancements have been also obtained from fluorescein labeled biological molecules (DNA and asynthetic peptide). Finally, the possibility of using the photo-electrically generated metallic patterns with other substrates is also demonstrated by enhancement experiments for which the nanoparticle pattern has been transferred to a non-photovoltaic substrateThis work was supported by the funding of the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of Spain under the project MAT2014-57704-C3. M. A. Díaz also acknowledges Spanish Government (MINECO) and the European Community (FEDER) through Grant MAT2015-66586-

Apresentação

Apresentaçã

Medicina, gênero e mídia: O programa Mulher da TV Globo

Assim como as identidades culturais são impensáveis fora do processo de representação (e da política de representação), as idéias sobre o médico, a saúde e a enfermidade, e ainda acerca da mulher e dos papéis femininos em relação à saúde, também estão vinculadas aos dispositivos midiáticos de construção das imagens sociais. Entendemos que o programa Mulher, da Rede Globo de Televisão, condensou bem os imaginários sobre a medicina e a saúde feminina provenientes do campo da disciplina médica. Contudo, estes são subordinados às regras do discurso televisivo sem, com isso, perder sua eficácia apelativa e sua intenção pedagógica e medicalizante. Analisamos como a intervenção médica representada no seriado tematiza o lugar da mulher no mundo social

All optical sub diffraction multilevel data encoding onto azo polymeric thin films

By exploiting photo-induced reorientation in azo-polymer thin films, we demonstrate all-optical polarization-encoded information storage with a scanning near-field optical microscope. In the writing routine, 5-level bits are created by associating different bit values to different birefringence directions, induced in the polymer after illumination with linearly polarized light. The reading routine is then performed by implementing polarization-modulation techniques on the same near-field microscope, in order to measure the encoded birefringence direction.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figure

O corpo feminino como objeto médico e “mediático”

Some Brazilian television channels give opportunities for health professionals, mostly gynecologists, to answer public consultations live. This paper analyses two such programs, which we denominate ‘medical tele-consultations’: the first one is a national TV program called Note e Anote (Record Net) and the second is a regional TV program called Conversa Franca (Band-Bahia). The topic selected to be discussed here is menstruation and the vicissitudes of this period for women. We intend to show how this health issue is represented in these programs as something impure and pathologic and how these representation strategies affect gender identities and create conflicts in relation to women’s bodies.É comum na televisão brasileira a presença de profissionais da saúde, na sua maioria ginecologistas, que respondem consultas do público. É o caso dos quadros semanais de dois programas diários que aqui analisamos: o Note e Anote (Rede Record), de alcance nacional, e o Conversa Franca (Band-Bahia), regional, os quais denominamos “tele-consultas médicas”. Pretendemos discutir, através da análise desses produtos, como a menstruação – e as vicissitudes vinculadas a ela – é representada na mídia, vinculada à idéia de impureza, sujeira ou como patologia, e como essas estratégias representacionais operam sobre a criação de identidades de gênero e participam na conflitiva relação das mulheres com seu próprio corpo

Violencia de género expandida: vigilancia y privacidad en red

In this paper, we present a reflection that links gender violence in digital environments, mass surveillance, discussions about privacy and the right to privacy on the internet. We analyze how the Internet can be the scene of two types of violence: one, located at the level of interactions (doxing, harassment, extortion and threats, identity theft, alteration and publication of photos and videos without consent, among others). The other, more invisible, is implicit in the architecture of the network, because, by promoting a systematic and gigantic system of tracking and analysis of personal data to feed the Internet business model, it has established a potential monitoring system that can affect the rights of women, via digital traces. To support this, we will examine the various notions of surveillance and privacy (Bruno, 2013; Siri, 2015; Sparrow, 2014) and current legislation in order to understand how they affect the human rights of women in cyberspace.Keyword: gender violence, surveillance and privacy, Internet.En este trabajo exponemos una reflexión que enlaza la violencia de género en entornos digitales, la vigilancia masiva, las discusiones sobre la privacidad y el derecho a la intimidad en internet. Analizamos cómo internet puede ser escenario de dos tipos de violencias: una, localizada en el plano de las interacciones (doxing, acoso, extorsión y amenazas, robo de identidad, alteración y publicación de fotos y videos sin consentimiento, entre otras). La otra, más invisible, está implícitaen la arquitectura de la red, pues al propiciar un sistemático y gigantesco sistema de rastreo y análisis de datos personales para alimentar el modelo de negocios de internet, se ha instaurado un potencial sistema de vigilancia que puede afectar los derechos de las mujeres, vía rastros digitales. Para sostener esto examinaremos las diversas nociones de vigilancia y privacidad (Bruno, 2013; Siri, 2015; Sparrow, 2014) y la legislación vigente, en función de comprender cómo afectan los derechos humanos de las mujeres en el ciberespacio. Palabras clave: violencia de género, vigilancia y privacidad, internet

Digitalizando o cuidado: mulheres e novas codificações para a ética hacker

Based on a mapping of actions by feminist groups to enhance digital security, called "digital care", we analyze strategies that arise in response to algorithmic opacities and injustices, the lack of diversity in technological spaces and growing gender-based violence in digital environments. We discuss an aspect of this hacktivism (by those who call themselves hackfeminists), that of digital care, considering the perspective of the feminist ethics of care (Gilligan, 2013; Hirata and Debert, 2016), comparing this with the principles of hacker ethics (Levy, 1994; Himanen, 2001).A partir do mapeamento de ações desenvolvidas por grupos feministas para a segurança digital, chamados de "cuidados digitais", analisamos as suas estratégias, que surgem em resposta às opacidades e injustiças algorítmicas, à pouca diversidade nos espaços tecnológicos e ao crescimento das violências de gênero nos ambientes digitais. Neste texto vamos discutir um aspecto deste hacktivismo (autodenominado de hackfeminista), o dos cuidados digitais, a partir da perspectiva feminista da ética do cuidado (Gilligan, 2013; Hirata e Debert, 2016), confrontando-a com os princípios da ética hacker (Levy, 1994; Himanen, 2001).A partir do mapeamento de ações desenvolvidas por grupos feministas para a segurança digital, chamados de "cuidados digitais", analisamos as suas estratégias, que surgem em resposta às opacidades e injustiças algorítmicas, à pouca diversidade nos espaços tecnológicos e ao crescimento das violências de gênero nos ambientes digitais. Neste texto vamos discutir um aspecto deste hacktivismo (autodenominado de hackfeminista), o dos cuidados digitais, a partir da perspectiva feminista da ética do cuidado (Gilligan, 2013; Hirata e Debert, 2016), confrontando-a com os princípios da ética hacker (Levy, 1994; Himanen, 2001). &nbsp

Cuando la nube no es simplemente una metáfora

En las páginas que siguen, proponemos analizar una iniciativa lanzada recientemente por el gobierno argentino, respecto a la creación de una Nube Pública en Gobierno.Facultad de Trabajo Socia