Estimation of water storage changes in small endorheic lakes in Northern Kazakhstan

Both climate change and anthropogenic activities contribute to the deterioration of terrestrial water resources and ecosystems worldwide, with Central Asia and its endorheic lakes being among the most severely affected. We used a digital elevation model, bathymetry maps and Landsat images to estimate the areal water cover extent and volumetric storage changes for eleven small terminal lakes in Burabay National Nature Park (BNNP) in Northern Kazakhstan from 1986 to 2016. Based on the analysis of hydrometeorological observations, lake water balance, lake evaporation and Budyko equations, driven by gridded climate and global atmospheric reanalysis datasets, we evaluate the impact of historical climatic conditions on the water balance of the BNNP lake catchments. The total surface water area of the BNNP lakes decreased by around 7% for that period, mainly due to a reduction in the extent of three main lakes. In contrast, for some smaller lakes, the surface area increased. Overall, we attribute the decline of the BNNP lakes’ areal extent and volume to the prolonged periods of water balance deficit when lake evaporation exceeded precipitation. However, during the most recent years (2013-2016) precipitation increased and the BNNP lake levels stabilized

Introducing CRISTAL: A Model of Collaborative, Informed, Strategic Trade Agents With Logistics [Presentation]

Accessibility: This item is not machine readable, please contact NTL Ask A Librarian service for remediation or help with access.PowerPoint presentation covering Transportation Research Board paper: Introducing CRISTAL: A Model of Collaborative, Informed, Strategic Trade Agents With Logistics [Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting 2023 (Paper 23-02960); Committee Meeting, Freight Transportation Planning and Logistics (AT015)]. Paper describes the CRISTAL Freight Transportation model, its initial implementation, and applications to date. CRISTAL stands for Collaborative, Informed, Strategic Trade Agents With Logistics and is an agent-based model

Influence of adding phase change materials on the physical and mechanical properties of cement mortars

During the last years several studies of construction materials with incorporation of encapsulated phase change material (PCM) have been published. However, the utilization of non-encapsulated PCM is one of the main gaps. The main objective of this work was the study of physical and mechanical properties of cement mortars with incorporation of non-encapsulated PCM. It was possible to conclude that the utilization of non-encapsulated phase change materials can be seen as a good and more economical solution for the energy efficiency of the buildings, without prejudice of the properties.The authors acknowledge the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) for the financial support of PhD scholarship SFRH/BD/95611/2013

閉鎖性水域の潮流解析における開境界条件の設定法

In order to estimate circulation process of nutrients and improve the water quality in an inner bay, it is important to be evaluated characteristics of flow field at the first setout. In this analysis, it has a problem with assignment of tidal level at open boundary, because it is impossible to get measurement values for arbitrary position and time. In this paper, it is presented a new method which is using a tide model program, Naotide, to estimation of tidal level at open boundary. It can be calculated tidal level of any point and time, because Naotide is calculated it based on interplanetary forces. Effectiveness of the method was proved by applying it to calculation of tidal flow field in Harimanada. It could be effectively used for modeling and simulation of flow field, especially, in the case of existing several open boundaries

Derivation of Equivalent Continuous Dilution for Cyclic, Unsteady Driving Forces

This article uses an analytical approach to determine the dilution of an unsteadily-generated solute in an unsteady solvent stream, under cyclic temporal boundary conditions. The goal is to find a simplified way of showing equivalence of such a process to a reference case where equivalent dilution is defined as a weighted average concentration. This derivation has direct applications to the ventilation of indoor spaces where indoor air quality and energy consumption cannot in general be simultaneously optimized. By solving the equation we can specify how much air we need to use in one ventilation pattern compared to another to obtain same indoor air quality. Because energy consumption is related to the amount of air exchanged by a ventilation system, the equation can be used as a first step to evaluate different ventilation patterns effect on the energy consumption. The use of the derived equation is demonstrated by representative cases of interest in both residential and non-residential buildings

Validation of the ASCAT Soil Water Index using in situ data from the International Soil Moisture Network

tSoil moisture is an essential climate variable and a key parameter in hydrology, meteorology and agricul-ture. Surface Soil Moisture (SSM) can be estimated from measurements taken by ASCAT onboard Metop-Aand have been successfully validated by several studies. Profile soil moisture, while equally important,cannot be directly measured by remote sensing but must be modeled. The Soil Water Index (SWI) productdeveloped for near real time applications within the framework of the GMES project geoland2 aims toprovide such a modeled profile estimate using satellite data as input. It is produced from ASCAT SSMestimates using a two-layer water balance model which describes the relationship between surface andprofile soil moisture as a function of time. It provides daily global data about moisture conditions foreight characteristic time lengths representing different depths.The objective of this work was to assess the overall quality of the SWI data. Furthermore we tested theassumptions of the used water balance model and checked if ancillary information about topography,water fraction and noise information are useful for identifying observations of questionable quality. SWIdata from January 1st 2007 until the end of 2011 was compared to in situ soil moisture data from 664stations belonging to 23 observation networks which are available through the International Soil MoistureNetwork (ISMN). These stations delivered 2081 time series at different depths which were compared tothe SWI values.The average of the significant Pearson correlation coefficients was 0.54 while being greater than 0.5 for64.4% of all time series. It was found that the characteristic time length showing the highest correlationincreases with in situ observation depth, thus confirming the SWI model assumptions. Relationships ofthe correlation coefficients with topographic complexity, water fraction, in situ observation depth, andsoil moisture noise were found