Methanol as a Potential Hydrogen Source for Reduction Reactions Enabled by a Commercial Pt/C Catalyst

Catalytic reduction reactions using methanol as a transfer hydrogenating agent is gaining significant attention because this simple alcohol is inexpensive and produced on a bulk scale. Herein, we report the catalytic utilization of methanol as a hydrogen source for the reduction of different functional organic compounds such as nitroarenes, olefins, and carbonyl compounds. The key to the success of this transformation is the use of a commercially available Pt/C catalyst, which enabled the transfer hydrogenation of a series of simple and functionalized nitroarenes-to-anilines, alkenes-to-alkanes, and aldehydes-to-alcohols using methanol as both the solvent and hydrogen donor. The practicability of this Pt-based protocol is showcased by demonstrating catalyst recycling and reusability as well as reaction upscaling. In addition, the Pt/C catalytic system was also adaptable for the N-methylation and N-alkylation of anilines via the borrowing hydrogen process. This work provides a simple and flexible approach to prepare a variety of value-added products from readily available methanol, Pt/C, and other starting materials

Pola dan Jenis Komunikasi Organisasi di Departemen Music TV MNC Channels dalam Program "Friends with Benefit"

Suatu organisasi memerlukan komunikasi organisasi sebagai fondasi yang mendukung pertukaran informasi, hubungan antar karyawan, kolaborasi, pembentukan budaya, pemecahan masalah, pengambilan keputusan, dan pengelolaan konflik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pola dan jenis komunikasi organisasi di Departemen Music TV MNC Channels. Jenis penelitian ini yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Penelitian dilakukan di Departemen Music TV dengan fokus pada tim produksi program "Friends With Benefit". Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Wawancara mendalam dilakukan terhadap pihak-pihak internal, seperti Executive Producer, Producer, Creative Production, dan Production Assistant untuk mendapatkan pemahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang pola dan jenis komunikasi organisasi yang diterapkan di perusahaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan menekankan sifat kekeluargaan dan teamwork dengan menerapkan komunikasi terbuka dan fleksibel. Pola komunikasi organisasi yang digunakan adalah pola komunikasi bintang dengan sifat kekeluargaan yang membentuk semua anggota organisasi dapat bebas berkomunikasi secara terbuka dari atasan hingga bawahan. Perusahaan juga menerapkan berbagai jenis komunikasi organisasi termasuk Downward, Upward, Horizontal, dan Diagonal. Seluruh anggota organisasi dapat berkomunikasi dengan bebas melalui rapat mingguan, grup chat, dan evaluasi

Protein corona and nanoparticles: How can we investigate on?

Nanoparticles (NPs) represent one of the most promising tools for drug-targeting and drug-delivery. However, a deeper understanding of the complex dynamics that happen after their in vivo administration is required. Particularly, plasma proteins tend to associate to NPs, forming a new surface named the 'protein corona' (PC). This surface is the most exposed as the 'visible side' of NPs and therefore, can have a strong impact on NP biodistribution, targeting efficacy and also toxicity. The PC consists of two poorly delimited layers, known as 'hard corona' (HC) and 'soft corona' (SC), that are affected by the complexity of the environment and the formed protein-surface equilibrium during in vivo blood circulation. The HC corona is formed by proteins strongly associated to the NPs, while the SC is an outer layer consisting of loosely bound proteins. Several studies attempted to investigate the HC, which is easier to be isolated, but yielded poor reproducibility, due to varying experimental conditions. As a consequence, full mapping of the HC for different NPs is still lacking. Moreover, the current knowledge on the SC, which may play a major role in the 'first' interaction of NPs once in vivo, is very limited, mainly due to the difficulties in preserving it after purification. Therefore, multi-disciplinary approaches leading to the obtainment of a major number of information about the PC and its properties is strongly needed to fully understand its impact and to better support a more safety and conscious application of nanotechnology in medicine

Transnational adoptees in healthcare: barriers, resources, and needs

BackgroundAfter decades of research output, it is well established that transnational adoptees—i.e., individuals who are placed for adoption outside their country of birth—exhibit an increased risk of various negative mental health outcomes. Even so, there is a lack of suggestions for preventive measures or treatment interventions targeting the transnational adoptee population in the literature.ObjectiveTo explore experiences, opinions, and needs among adult transnational adoptees in Sweden concerning healthcare in general and mental healthcare in particular.MethodsSixty-six adult transnational adoptees residing in Sweden, born in 15 different non-European countries, were recruited for individual in-depth interviews about their experiences and opinions regarding psychosocial support and healthcare. The interview data were analyzed employing a codebook thematic analysis approach.ResultsThree overarching themes were identified: (a) barriers to adequate treatment, (b) helpful resources in dealing with health-related issues, and (c) health-related needs and suggestions for the development of adequate support. Identified barriers include a lack of insight into and interest in adoptee health, colorblindness and unwillingness to address racism, expectations of gratitude, steep financial costs, lack of support from adoptive parents, and mistrust of support structures that involve adoptive parents or adoption organizations. Participants also describe helpful resources, such as the community of fellow transnational adoptees. Health-related needs and suggestions include more well-defined and easily accessible structures of support, improved knowledge and competence, a broader psychotherapeutic repertoire that better addresses adoption-related themes, improved support in situations that can be particularly stressful for adoptees (such as during pregnancy and as new parents), routine follow-up during childhood and adolescence, and education targeting adoptive parents. The need for greater attention to the well-being of children of transnational adoptees is also highlighted.ImplicationsBased on these findings, a number of recommendations can be made. For example, knowledge about adoptee health should be strengthened, and psychotherapeutic competence in addressing issues related to racism should become a priority. After over 20 years of discussion, one or more national research and knowledge hubs on transnational adoption should be created. Moreover, economic resources should be made available to support transnational adoptees in accessing adequate treatment

Lignin Residue-Derived Carbon-Supported Nanoscale Iron Catalyst for the Selective Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes and Aromatic Aldehydes

Heterogeneous iron-based catalysts governing selectivity for the reduction of nitroarenes and aldehydes have received tremendous attention in the arena of catalysis, but relatively less success has been achieved. Herein, we report a green strategy for the facile synthesis of a lignin residue-derived carbon-supported magnetic iron (γ-Fe2O3/LRC-700) nanocatalyst. This active nanocatalyst exhibits excellent activity and selectivity for the hydrogenation of nitroarenes to anilines, including pharmaceuticals (e.g., flutamide and nimesulide). Challenging and reducible functionalities such as halogens (e.g., chloro, iodo, and fluoro) and ketone, ester, and amide groups were tolerated. Moreover, biomass-derived aldehyde (e.g., furfural) and other aromatic aldehydes were also effective for the hydrogenation process, often useful in biomedical sciences and other important areas. Before and after the reaction, the γ-Fe2O3/LRC-700 nanocatalyst was thoroughly characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2adsorption-desorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Additionally, the γ-Fe2O3/LRC-700 nanocatalyst is stable and easily separated using an external magnet and recycled up to five cycles with no substantial drop in the activity. Eventually, sustainable and green credentials for the hydrogenation reactions of 4-nitrobenzamide to 4-aminobenzamide and benzaldehyde to benzyl alcohol were assessed with the help of the CHEM21 green metrics toolkit. © 2022 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved

Valorization of bio-renewable glycerol by catalytic amination reactions

Production of value-added chemicals from renewable feedstocks is an attractive platform to alleviate the shortage of petroleum resources and to minimize CO2 emissions. Among different renewable feedstocks, glycerol is an organic triol molecule that is produced from triglycerides of plant and animal sources. This alcohol is produced as the main by-product in a large quantity of about 10% (w/w) in biodiesel production. In addition to its applications in food industries, and medicinal and personal care products, the utilization of glycerol as a key raw material in organic synthesis has garnered significant attention. As an example, selected technologies for the conversion of glycerol into other essential chemicals such as acrylic acid, 1,2-propanediol, glycerol carbonate, epichlorohydrin, and solketal have been well developed. In recent years, glycerol has also been used as the key starting material for the synthesis of amines in laboratories. In general amines are important fine and bulk chemicals used as central precursors and intermediates for advanced chemicals and many life science molecules including pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. In the last five years, some key advancements have been made using glycerol in carbon–nitrogen bond-forming processes to prepare different kinds of amine in the presence of suitable catalytic systems. Based on the advantages of glycerol including its derived molecules as feedstocks and the importance of amines, we believe it is worthwhile to write a review summarizing the recent reports on glycerol amination and related reactions. In this regard, this review article discusses the latest developments in catalytic amination reactions using glycerol and its tangible applications in modern organic synthesis. We believe that this review will be interesting and beneficial to scientists working in the areas of catalytic utilization of glycerol aminations and valorization of renewable feedstocks.Web of Science2663038302