Genomic, epidemiological and digital surveillance of Chikungunya virus in the Brazilian Amazon

Background Since its first detection in the Caribbean in late 2013, chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has affected 51 countries in the Americas. The CHIKV epidemic in the Americas was caused by the CHIKV-Asian genotype. In August 2014, local transmission of the CHIKV-Asian genotype was detected in the Brazilian Amazon region. However, a distinct lineage, the CHIKV-East-Central-South-America (ECSA)-genotype, was detected nearly simultaneously in Feira de Santana, Bahia state, northeast Brazil. The genomic diversity and the dynamics of CHIKV in the Brazilian Amazon region remains poorly understood despite its importance to better understand the epidemiological spread and public health impact of CHIKV in the country. Methodology/Principal findings We report a large CHIKV outbreak (5,928 notified cases between August 2014 and August 2018) in Boa vista municipality, capital city of Roraima’s state, located in the Brazilian Amazon region. We generated 20 novel CHIKV-ECSA genomes from the Brazilian Amazon region using MinION portable genome sequencing. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that despite an early introduction of the Asian genotype in 2015 in Roraima, the large CHIKV outbreak in 2017 in Boa Vista was caused by an ECSA-lineage most likely introduced from northeastern Brazil. Epidemiological analyses suggest a basic reproductive number of R0 of 1.66, which translates in an estimated 39 (95% CI: 36 to 45) % of Roraima’s population infected with CHIKV-ECSA. Finally, we find a strong association between Google search activity and the local laboratory-confirmed CHIKV cases in Roraima. Conclusions/Significance This study highlights the potential of combining traditional surveillance with portable genome sequencing technologies and digital epidemiology to inform public health surveillance in the Amazon region. Our data reveal a large CHIKV-ECSA outbreak in Boa Vista, limited potential for future CHIKV outbreaks, and indicate a replacement of the Asian genotype by the ECSA genotype in the Amazon region

Estética em Plotino

Le but de ce tcc est de présenter une défense de l'esthétique de Plotino contre les attaques de Luc Brisson dans son article "L'opposition physys / technique à Plotino". Pour cela nous procédons en deux étapes. Dans un premier temps, nous présentons quelques aspects de l’esthétique intrigue qui le plus marqué les discussions esthétiques et dans un deuxième moment, nous allons apporter l'influence de Plotinus pour Nancy et certains artistes où un direct ou néoplatonisme indirect.O objetivo deste tcc é apresentar uma defesa da estética de Plotino contra os ataques de Luc Brisson em seu artigo “a oposição physys/ técnica em Plotino”. Para isso procedemos em dois passos. Num primeiro momento apresentamos alguns aspectos da estética plotiniana que mais marcaram as discussões estéticas e num segundo momento traremos a influência de Plotino para Nancy e para alguns artistas onde se pode reconhecer uma influência direta ou indireta do neoplatonismo.1okNã

Dengue Virus Serotype 4, Roraima State, Brazil

Universidade Federal de Roraima. Boa Vista, RO, Brazil.Laboratório Central de Roraima. Boa Vista, RO, Brazil.Universidade Federal de Roraima. Boa Vista, RO, Brazil.Universidade Federal de Roraima. Boa Vista, RO, Brazil.Universidade Federal de Roraima. Boa Vista, RO, Brazil.Universidade Federal de Roraima. Boa Vista, RO, Brazil.Universidade Federal de Roraima. Boa Vista, RO, Brazil.Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia. Manaus, AM, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil

Novos exemplos de espaços vetoriais do tipo gráfico

Neste artigo apresentamos exemplos de espaços vetoriais do tipo gráfico. O único exemplo que conhecíamos era a estrutra de espaço vetorial na parábola, que pode ser visto em [3]. Nosso trabalho generaliza a ideia para o gráfico de uma aplicação de um espaço vetorial em um conjunto não-vazio. Além disso, mostramos também que o gráfico de tais aplicações pode ser dotado de muitas estrutras de espaços vetoriais. Em particular, mostramos que é possível munir o gráfico com uma estrutura de espaço vetorial na qual o vetor nulo pode ser qualquer elemento pré-fixado

Changing Epidemiology of Rotavirus-Related Hospitalizations in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil, from 2002 to 2006

A prospective hospital-based sentinel study conducted in Rio de Janeiro identified a shift in the pattern (long to short electropherotype and P(8) to P(4) genotype) of rotavirus strains recovered from children with severe diarrhea a few months after the far-reaching Brazilian rotavirus immunization program was launched, posing new interesting challenges

Analysis of the immunological biomarker profile during acute Zika virus infection reveals the overexpression of CXCL10, a chemokine linked to neuronal damage.

BACKGROUND: Infection with Zika virus (ZIKV) manifests in a broad spectrum of disease ranging from mild illness to severe neurological complications and little is known about Zika immunopathogenesis. OBJECTIVES: To define the immunologic biomarkers that correlate with acute ZIKV infection. METHODS: We characterized the levels of circulating cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in 54 infected patients of both genders at five different time points after symptom onset using microbeads multiplex immunoassay; comparison to 100 age-matched controls was performed for statistical analysis and data mining. FINDINGS: ZIKV-infected patients present a striking systemic inflammatory response with high levels of pro-inflammatory mediators. Despite the strong inflammatory pattern, IL-1Ra and IL-4 are also induced during the acute infection. Interestingly, the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-13, IL-17, TNF-α, and IFN-γ; chemokines CXCL8, CCL2, CCL5; and the growth factor G-CSF, displayed a bimodal distribution accompanying viremia. While this is the first manuscript to document bimodal distributions of viremia in ZIKV infection, this has been documented in other viral infections, with a primary viremia peak during mild systemic disease and a secondary peak associated with distribution of the virus to organs and tissues. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Biomarker network analysis demonstrated distinct dynamics in concurrence with the bimodal viremia profiles at different time points during ZIKV infection. Such a robust cytokine and chemokine response has been associated with blood-brain barrier permeability and neuroinvasiveness in other flaviviral infections. High-dimensional data analysis further identified CXCL10, a chemokine involved in foetal neuron apoptosis and Guillain-Barré syndrome, as the most promising biomarker of acute ZIKV infection for potential clinical application

Dengue Virus Type 4, Manaus, Brazil

We report dengue virus type 4 (DENV-4) in Amazonas, Brazil. This virus was isolated from serum samples of 3 patients treated at a tropical medicine reference center in Manaus. All 3 cases were confirmed by serologic and molecular tests; 1 patient was co-infected with DENV-3 and DENV-4