Preferences of Multinational & National Brands in Health Care Department

The current study was conducted in order to find out any relationship between National and Multinational brands and health care consultant preferences. For this purpose data was obtained from four different hospitals in Distract Bannu .Two hospital belong to private sector that are Shah Medical Complex (SMC) and Amjad child and mother health care center(ACMHCS) .And two public sector government hospitals namely Distract headquarter hospital for children (DHQ) and Khalifa Gul Nawaz Teaching Hospital (KGNTH).conveniouse sampling method was applied to select appropriate number of Health care consultants in  pediaratics  department. Information was collected through primary data and for this purpose a well structured questioners was designed. Total number of 160 Questioners were distributed among all the selected hospitals and receive 129 in response. Of these 129 respondents some of the questioners were not filled properly. Finally we select 120 questioners .In order to check relationship of health care consultant’s preferences with different Multinational and national brands we applied Chi- Square test. the results obtain from research shows that  there is significant association between health care consultants preferences and prices and quality of the product .At the same time the relationship between Health care consultants and Frequent visits of Medical representatives, efficacy, country of the origin, government polices are also important. Keywords: Health  Care consultants,  Multinational and National Brands, HCC Preferences

Oral activated charcoal prevents experimental cerebral malaria in mice and in a randomized controlled clinical trial in man did not interfere with the pharmacokinetics of parenteral artesunate.

BACKGROUND: Safe, cheap and effective adjunct therapies preventing the development of, or reducing the mortality from, severe malaria could have considerable and rapid public health impact. Oral activated charcoal (oAC) is a safe and well tolerated treatment for acute poisoning, more recently shown to have significant immunomodulatory effects in man. In preparation for possible efficacy trials in human malaria, we sought to determine whether oAC would i) reduce mortality due to experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) in mice, ii) modulate immune and inflammatory responses associated with ECM, and iii) affect the pharmacokinetics of parenteral artesunate in human volunteers. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We found that oAC provided significant protection against P. berghei ANKA-induced ECM, increasing overall survival time compared to untreated mice (p<0.0001; hazard ratio 16.4; 95% CI 6.73 to 40.1). Protection from ECM by oAC was associated with reduced numbers of splenic TNF(+) CD4(+) T cells and multifunctional IFNgamma(+)TNF(+) CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Furthermore, we identified a whole blood gene expression signature (68 genes) associated with protection from ECM. To evaluate whether oAC might affect current best available anti-malarial treatment, we conducted a randomized controlled open label trial in 52 human volunteers (ISRCTN NR. 64793756), administering artesunate (AS) in the presence or absence of oAC. We demonstrated that co-administration of oAC was safe and well-tolerated. In the 26 subjects further analyzed, we found no interference with the pharmacokinetics of parenteral AS or its pharmacologically active metabolite dihydroartemisinin. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: oAC protects against ECM in mice, and does not interfere with the pharmacokinetics of parenteral artesunate. If future studies succeed in establishing the efficacy of oAC in human malaria, then the characteristics of being inexpensive, well-tolerated at high doses and requiring no sophisticated storage would make oAC a relevant candidate for adjunct therapy to reduce mortality from severe malaria, or for immediate treatment of suspected severe malaria in a rural setting. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Controlled-Trials.com ISRCTN64793756

Differential detection of alternatively spliced variants of Ciz1 in normal and cancer cells using a custom exon-junction microarray

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Ciz1 promotes initiation of mammalian DNA replication and is present within nuclear matrix associated DNA replication factories. Depletion of Ciz1 from normal and cancer cells restrains entry to S phase and inhibits cell proliferation. Several alternative splicing events with putative functional consequences have been identified and reported, but many more variants are predicted to exist based on publicly available mRNAs and expressed sequence tags.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Here we report the development and validation of a custom exon and exon-junction microarray focused on the human CIZ1 gene, capable of reproducible detection of differential splice-variant expression.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Using a pair of paediatric cancer cell lines and a pool of eight normal lines as reference, the array identified expected and novel CIZ1 splicing events. One novel variant (delta 8-12) that encodes a predicted protein lacking key functional sites, was validated by quantitative RT-PCR and found to be over-represented in a range of other cancer cell lines, and over half of a panel of primary lung tumours.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Expression of CIZ1 delta 8-12 appears to be restricted to cancer cells, and may therefore be a useful novel biomarker</p

The Study of Effectiveness of Cooperative Learning Approach in Teaching of Mathematics at Secondary Levels in Pakistan

The literacy rate in any country is generally regarded as the index of development. If we examine the causes of low literacy rate and low standard of our education in Pakistan, one can find poor method of teaching as one of the major reasons. This is an age of science and technology, and as a matter of fact subject of mathematics serves as a foundation of many modern science and technology courses. In all of the academic disciplines, in one way or the other mathematics plays the fundamental role in learning and expanding the boundaries of existing knowledge. In this research paper we will examine the approach of corporate learning approach and how are teachers familiar to this new concept during teaching Mathematics at secondary level. Why student do not take interest in mathematics. For this purpose the population is comprised of all the registered students of 10th Class in the Government Girls (G.G. from now onward) High School Qasaban No.5 Dera Ismail Khan city. Fifty student from class 10 is selected randomly and divided into two groups namely Group A, and Group Data was analyzed through 1.     Mean and standard deviation of scores obtained through pre-test of group A and B are calculated. 2. Mean, standard deviation and pooled standard deviation of scores obtained through post-test are calculated for both groups separately. 3. T-statistic and paired T are calculated.  The first finding of the study is that the mean of pre-test mathematics achievement scores of group A and group B is the same i.e. 30.64 while there is variation in standard deviations are 7.12 and 5.79 respectively. The student learns through corporate learning techniques scored better than other. This may be attributed to students’ dullness in learning math trough traditional approach. Keywords; Learning, Mathematics, Standard deviation, T statistics, Students

THE IMPACT OF INTERNET CAFES ON STUDENTS IN GOMAL UNIVERSITY D I KHAN

Internet cafes are mushrooming across the country all in the big and small cities and even in towns and villages. “The basic idea behind establishing Internet clubs is to promote information technology. The government is laying down the policy to set up IT Centers in every nook and corner of the country. These cafes are instrumental for the promotion of IT and play a pivotal Role in this regard by benefiting those who have no access to this facility at their homes. Although Internet cafes are offering new opportunities to get online education, communication and information services - research indicates that negative impacts of these cafes are far-reaching, particularly in the students' community. As the heading of the research project indicates, the respondents for the required data included mangers/owners of the cafes and the visitors (students). Students of Gomal University were used for questionnaire fill-up. Thus these two groups form the population of this research project. In this study I selected the sample through simple random sampling and sample size is 50. It is also sad to see the people misusing the great blessing. And it is much more distressing to know that it is our youth, who are addicted to this misuse. The availability of pornographic pictures, videos and provocative sites is the biggest problem on the Internet. According to the survey majority of the customers of these clubs are the Students of various schools and colleges. They come in the morning and leave the cafe in afternoon or late evening. These students instead of using the Internet for educational purpose prefer browsing different websites; indulge in chatting and watching movies, especially pornography. Majority of the Internet cafes have six to seven feet high cabins fitted with fancy lights, music and refreshments. The internet cafes are corrupting the minds of the younger generation in the name of access to information technology. The government is planning to block the porn sites but they are in millions and hundreds of them are launched almost every day. Why can't a law be enforced prohibiting the cafe owners from providing privacy through the secret cabins to the consumers? Key Words; Internet cafes, Education, Information services, Customers, Browsin

SATISFACTION OF FEMALE PATIENTS: A SURVEY OF DHQ ZANANA HOSPITAL DERA ISMAIL KHAN, KPK, PAKISTAN

Health is basic need of every age and almost every country of world is spending much of its resources on providing health facility to its public. Health problem in Pakistan, having a population of 118.6 million people with 3.1% growth rate (ESP, 2012), are tremendously increasing and poses multiple threats to continued economic and social development in country. In Pakistan different government and private medical colleges are producing doctor’s at large scale but we are still not in position to achieve health for all (Zahir, 1992: 93). The incidence of ill health and premature deaths among the poor in Pakistan is very high. Many of the women’s premature deaths are due to a high rate of maternal mortality from Hemorrhage, infection toxeing, obstructive labor and primitive abortion methods. Thus women especially poor of rural areas, are caught in problems which needs to be explored. This study was conducted to understand the problems of female patients in DHQ Zanana Hospital, DIKhan, which is a beneficiary institution established by government for the welfare of women population of DIKhan division (District Tank and District DIKhan). The hospital is located at Kachehry in Road DIKhan city and administratively, it is the part of District Headquarter Hospital, DIKhan. It is the only female hospital in DIKhan division, not only patients from DIKhan but also from areas situated near DIKhan like Jandula, Wana and Bhakkar depends on this hospital for their treatment. The staff and patients of Zanana Hospital DIKhan was population of the study. Purposive sampling was used in terms of doctors and nurses however but random in case of patients. The reason was that the doctors and nurses were identifiable and calculated but patients were numerous therefore, whoever could be contacted, in case of the respondent of this study. A very small number of patients get some medicines from hospital store, off course limitation of budget is there, but miss-use of available medicine in the hospital store is also responsible for the lack of free medicine facility. Low quality medicines are accepted, which doctors do not want to prescribe. KEY WORDS;  Health, Mortality, Economic and social development, Female patients

Preparing Strategies to Eradicate Child Labour from District Bahawalpur

The district Bahawalpur is counted as one of the most backward and underdeveloped area of south region of Punjab where a great majority of the population is convicted of ignorance &amp; illiteracy, lack of information and awareness about life skills.. The 75 % local people are attached with agriculture &amp; other petty socio-economic sectors to earn their bread &amp; butter .They are mostly from poverty stricken communities and under control of Landlords as well as rulling class of Abbasids.Resultantly, they have submissive attitude, behavior and practice and send their young generation in to various forms of child labor. Keeping in view the gravity of the Situational Analysis, The Researcher has selected that burning issue aiming to probe deeply in to the matter and seek various aspects &amp; dimensions related with concrete &amp; sustainable solution that could be helpful &amp; instrumental for the Government, Labor department Policy Makers, and other UN Agencies working on providing Service Delivery to that core vulnerable group of Children and their Families. No Doubt, Child Labor is a black spot on the face of Civil Society; Let us feel our social &amp; moral duty while jointly trying to erase it. Keywords; Child Labor, Illiteracy, Awareness, UNICEF, ILO

INVESTIGATING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY CULTURE AND STUDENTS COMMITMENT FOR READING HABITS

The current study tries to understand the dynamic relationship between institutions libraries culture (Bureaucratic, Innovative, Supportive cultures) and student’s commitment toward using books/material for learning. For this purpose data was collected through proportionate sampling technique and population consist of over all students studying in The University of Lakki Marwat District lakki marwat Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa Pakistan. Data was analyzed through SPSS. According to the findings gender differences did not evident any significant relation with students commitment types and university library culture. While Subject difference results through ANOVA state that normative commitment as well as supportive culture was recorded among zoology students. Regression results depict that supportive , innovative as well as bureaucratic library culture promote students Continuance and normative commitment for reading habit and to spent more time in library. While affective commitment did not evident any strength with library culture, that may promote reading and learning habits amongst students of different discipline. Based on the results recommendations are also suggested in the last part of the paper

The Concept of Change Management in Today’s Business World

Companies are most likely to be successful in making change work to their advantage are the ones that no longer view change as a discrete event to be managed, but as a constant opportunity to evolve the business. The purpose of this study is to critically evaluate the concept of change management in today’s business world. Focus of the debate should be on existing literature. Keywords: Change management, Lewin’s change model, business world

The Role of Workplace Partnership Strategies in Employee Management Relations

Goal of every commercial organization is to make profits though its operations. Employers adapt different strategies to be profitable. Partnership has been given a lot of significance by trade union congress (TUC) and chartered institute of personnel and development (CIPD) as one of the key business strategy towards having a healthy employee management relationship and a successful business technique. In this research article we have investigated the role that “Workplace partnership” strategies play in employee management relations. Keywords: Workplace partnership, employee management, Industrial relations