The climate of the zone of origin of Mediterranean durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) landraces affects their agronomic performance

The genetic diversity of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) is held by landraces, which are generally considered to be endemic to a particular region to which they are well adapted. To evaluate the effect of climate in the countries of origin on their agronomic performance, 172 durum wheat landraces from 21 Mediterranean countries were grown in northeastern Spain. Average long-term climatic data of the main wheat-growing areas in each country of origin allowed us to identify four climatic zones in the Mediterranean Basin, steadily varying from warm and dry to cool and wet. The phenology, biomass, and yield of landraces were affected by the climatic zone of origin. The climatic zone accounted for 32.8, 28.3 and 14.5 % of variance for days to anthesis, plant height, and grain filling rate, respectively. The number of days to heading and anthesis steadily increased when moving from the warmest and driest zone of origin to the coldest and wettest one. Landraces collected in the warmest and driest zone had a smaller biomass, a lower chlorophyll content in the flag leaf, more fertile tillers, spikes and grains m-2, a lower grain filling rate, lighter grains, and lower yields than those originated in colder and wetter zones. Landraces collected in countries with high solar radiation showed a shorter cycle until anthesis and smaller height and biomass accumulation, while higher temperatures after anthesis resulted in more tillers and spikes. Landraces from countries with high potential evapotranspiration during grain filling had significantly lower grain filling rates and grain weight.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Tuberculosis renal. Presentación de un caso.

RESUMEN Introducción: La tuberculosis renal representa la localización más frecuente de la tuberculosis extrapulmonar, pero es a su vez una forma de presentación rara de la enfermedad en Cuba, donde las tasas de incidencia y prevalencia son de las más bajas internacionalmente. Presentación del caso: Paciente masculino de 58 años que aquejaba una obstrucción urinaria baja por lo que le fue practicada una talla vesical por punción. Con posterioridad desarrolló un cuadro séptico de difícil control a pesar de antibioticoterapia enérgica. Al tratamiento antibiótico hubo que agregar insulinoterapia al descubrirse una hiperglicemia en los estudios realizados. Debido a la persistencia del cuadro infeccioso se realizaron estudios imagenológicos donde se demostró la presencia de lesión renal que se interpretó como un absceso. Se realizó nefrectomía por vía lumbar. Conclusiones: El estudio anatomopatológico informó lesión granulomatosa de origen tuberculoso. No se encontraron otras lesiones tuberculosas extrarrenales ni a otros niveles del aparato genitourinario. El diagnóstico final fue el de un absceso renal de origen tuberculoso en el curso de una diabetes mellitus tipo II de debut. DeCS: TUBERCULOSIS RENAL / quimioterapia. Palabras clave: Tuberculosis renal, tuberculosis genitourinaria, tuberculosis extrapulmonar.  

El impacto de la innovación en la economía española

Advances in the innovation have positive effects on productivity and, therefore, on the economic growth of a country. In this work, the differences obtained in the economic results between the innovative and non-innovative companies will be compared, between 2014-2016, through a series of indicators obtained from the Technological Innovation Panel (PITEC): productivity, employment, sales and exports . At the same time a distinction will be made between the size of the companies and the activity to which it is dedicated: industry, services or construction. The results of the analysis show us that the innovation factor helps the growth of companies and therefore the development of the economy.Los avances en innovación tienen efectos positivos en la productividad y, por ello, en el crecimiento económico de un país. En este trabajo, se compararán las diferencias obtenidas en los resultados económicos entre las empresas innovadoras y no innovadoras, entre los años 2014-2016, mediante una serie de indicadores obtenidos del Panel de Innovación Tecnológica (PITEC): productividad, empleo, ventas y exportaciones. Al mismo tiempo se hará una distinción entre el tamaño de las empresas y la actividad a la que se dedique: industria, servicios o construcción. Los resultados del análisis nos demuestran que el factor innovación ayuda al crecimiento de las empresas y por tanto al desarrollo de la economía

Los hábitos alimenticios de la población y sus rasgos.

La alimentación es uno de los factores fundamentales de la vida humana, ya quees necesaria para poder vivir y, además, una buena o mala alimentación puede determinar una variación positiva o negativa en el estado de salud de los individuos/as. Es por ello relevante tratar este tema y abordar varios aspectos, como los que siguen: ¿cómo se alimenta la población? ¿por qué las personas deciden optar por un alimento u otro?Este trabajo se apoya en diversas investigaciones que pretenden conocer las respuestas a dichas cuestiones, conociendo los distintosfactores que condicionan las diversas formas de alimentación Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo un estudio teórico exhaustivo que permite conocer si realmente conductas como son la impulsividad o la autoestima del individuo/a pueden influir en sus decisiones a la hora de elegir qué comer. Se ha demostrado que elementos como la ansiedad o la ambivalencia entre otros, están relacionadocon el comportamiento alimenticio, pero, contrariamente, otros estudios señalan que no existe tal relación. Actualmente, existen varias medidas de actuación que pretende promocionar la importancia de una alimentación saludable y de realizar actividad física entre otros, con el fin de evitar complicaciones en la salud derivada de unos malos hábitos.Alimentation is a fundamental factor for human life, because, as we all know, isnecessary for survival, and having good or bad eating habits can have a good or bad impact in each person ́s health.That is why it is important to address this issue, and aproach several aspects, such as: how do people eat? Why do they choose one type of foos instead of another?.This research is base don various investigations that seek to know the answers to these questions, by knowing the differents forms of feeding. To this end, an eshaustive theoretical study has been carried out, in order to know if factors such as impusivity or a person ́s self-esteem can really influence their decisions about food. Some studies state that factors such as anxiety or ambivalence, among others, are related to eating behavoir, while other investigations state the opposite, that there is no relationship between these factors.There are currently several ways of action that seek to promote the importance of healthy eating and physical activity, in order to avoid health complications from bad habits

La violencia sexual asociada a los conflictos armados

La problemática de la violencia sexual contra niñas y mujeres -en su condición casi exclusiva de víctimas- asociada a los conflictos armados se configura como unas de las preocupaciones de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Sin embargo, a pesar de los esfuerzos y los intentos de criminalizar la violencia sexual observamos como se agudiza exponencialmente su uso por las fuerzas militares, paramilitares e incluso por los agentes de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz. Desgraciadamente, no sólo intensifica el número de sujetos que hace uso de la violencia sexual, sino que la forma en la que se cometen estos crímenes aumenta en cuanto a su crueldad y brutalidad.The problem of sexual violence against girls and women - in its almost exclusive condition of victims - associated with armed conflicts is configured as one of the concerns of the United Nations Organization. However, despite the efforts and attempts to criminalize sexual violence, we observe how its use exponentially sharpens its use by military, paramilitary forces and even by agents of peacekeeping operations. Unfortunately, not only does it intensify the number of subjects who use sexual violence, but the way in which these crimes are committed increases in terms of cruelty and brutality

Creation and Validation of the Spanish Durum Wheat Core Collection.

Spanish wheat (Triticum spp.) landraces have a considerable polymorphism, containing many unique alleles, relative to other collections. The existence of a core collection is a favored approach for breeders to efficiently explore novel variation and enhance the use of germplasm. In this study, the Spanish durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) core collection (CC) was created using a population structure–based method, grouping accessions by subspecies and allocating the number of genotypes among populations according to the diversity of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The CC of 94 genotypes was established, which accounted for 17% of the accessions in the entire collection. An alternative core collection (CH), with the same number of genotypes per subspecies and maximizing the coverage of SSR alleles, was assembled with the Core Hunter software. The quality of both core collections was compared with a random core collection and evaluated using geographic, agromorphological, and molecular marker data not previously used in the selection of genotypes. Both core collections had a high genetic representativeness, which validated their sampling strategies. Geographic and agromorphological variation, phenotypic correlations, and gliadin alleles of the original collection were more accurately depicted by the CC. Diversity arrays technology (DArT) markers revealed that the CC included genotypes less similar than the CH. Although more SSR alleles were retained by the CH (94%) than by the CC (91%), the results showed that the CC was better than CH for breeding purposes