Redescription of Steinernema scapterisci Nguyen and Smart, 1990: (Steinernematidae)

Present communication deals with redescription of the insect parasitic nematode, Steinernema scapterisci Nguyen and Smart, 1990, collected from the mole cricket, Gryllotalpa africana at Khurja, district (U.P.). The original description suffers from some morphological variations in the testis, tail and vulvular region

Coloring of food by the use of natural color extracted by beetroot (Beta Vulgaris), betalain pigment

Color is one of the most important quality attributesin the food products. The purpose of adding color in the foods is to make them attractive, to influence the consumer to buy the product and also to improve the quality of the food product. At the present time the demand ofnatural color is increased in worldwide due to the awareness of people on therapeutic medicinal properties and their benefits in the place of synthetic colors. Synthetic colors are harmful for health and show toxicity in food products. Natural color are those pigments which is derived from naturally sources such as plants, insects, animals, vegetables and fruits etc. among all these natural dyes, plantbased pigments have medicinal values so are mostly preferred. Today the food industry are mostly preferred the use of natural coloring pigment in their food products because the generation of this time is very possessive to their health and preferred the food product which is made from the use of natural color. The present study is based on the use of naturalcolors in food product in the place of synthetic color. The natural color was extracted from beetroot (Beta Vulgaris) named as betalain pigment. Betalain pigment is rich in antioxidant property, vitamin A and C and also a good source of iron, calcium etc.In this experiment the use of the natural color in the preparation of cookies.El color es uno de los atributos de calidad más importantes en los productos alimenticios. El propósito de agregar color a los alimentos es hacerlos atractivos, influir en el consumidor para que compre el producto y también mejorar la calidad del producto alimenticio. En la actualidad, la demanda de color natural se incrementa en todo el mundo debido a la conciencia de las personas sobre las propiedades medicinales terapéuticas y sus beneficios en lugar de los colores sintéticos. Los colores sintéticos son nocivos para la salud y muestran toxicidad en los productos alimenticios. Los colores naturales son aquellos pigmentos que se derivan de fuentes naturales tales como plantas, insectos, animales, verduras y frutas, etc. Entre todos estos tintes naturales, los pigmentos a base de plantas tienen valores medicinales, por lo que son los más preferidos. Hoy en día, la industria alimentaria prefiere en su mayoría el uso de pigmentos colorantes naturales en sus productos alimenticios porque la generación de este tiempo es muy posesiva para su salud y prefiere el producto alimenticio que se elabora a partir del uso de color natural. El presente estudio se basa en el uso de colorantes naturales en productos alimenticios en lugar de colorantes sintéticos. El color natural se extrajo de la remolacha (Beta Vulgaris) denominada pigmento betalaína. El pigmento betalaína es rico en propiedades antioxidantes, vitamina A y C y también una buena fuente de hierro, calcio, etc. En este experimento se utilizó el color natural en la preparación de galletas

A comparative study to evaluate endometrial aspiration using Karman’s cannula versus dilatation and curettage in cases of abnormal uterine bleeding

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is defined as any variation from the normal menstrual cycle such as changes in regularity, frequency, duration of flow or amount of flow. Objective of this study was to compare the adequacy and diagnostic accuracy of endometrial aspiration using Karman’s cannula versus dilatation and curettage in women with abnormal uterine bleeding.Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 250 women with AUB in age group of more than 40 years. In all patients, endometrial aspiration was done with manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) syringe attached to 4 mm Karman's cannula without anesthesia. The sample was collected in a bottle containing formalin and was labelled as sample A. After that, intracervical local anesthesia (1% Xylocaine) was given and cervix was dilated and scrapping of endometrial lining with sharp curette was done. The sample was also collected in a bottle containing formalin and was labelled as sample B. Both the samples A and B were sent for histopathology. The histopathology report of aspiration was compared with that of dilatation and curettage sample.Results: Endometrial aspiration biopsy had sensitivity of 92.3%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100% and negative predictive value of 99.56% for diagnosis of endometrial pathology while considering D and C gold standard. The sample adequacy of endometrial aspiration was 98.8% as compared to dilatation and curettage (98%).Conclusions: Present study showed that endometrial aspiration biopsy is an alternate to traditional dilatation and curettage in diagnosing endometrial pathologies in women with abnormal uterine bleeding

Carotenoid biosynthesis genes in rice: structural analysis, genome-wide expression profiling and phylogenetic analysis

Carotenoids, important lipid-soluble antioxidants in photosynthetic tissues, are known to be completely absent in rice endosperm. Many studies, involving transgenic manipulations of carotenoid biosynthesis genes, have been performed to get carotenoid-enriched rice grain. Study of genes involved in their biosynthesis can provide further information regarding the abundance/absence of carotenoids in different tissues. We have identified 16 and 34 carotenoid biosynthesis genes in rice and Populus genomes, respectively. A detailed analysis of the domain structure of carotenoid biosynthesis enzymes in rice, Populus and Arabidopsis has shown that highly conserved catalytic domains, along with other domains, are present in these proteins. Phylogenetic analysis of rice genes with Arabidopsis and other characterized carotenoid biosynthesis genes has revealed that homologous genes exist in these plants, and the duplicated gene copies probably adopt new functions. Expression of rice and Populus genes has been analyzed by full-length cDNA- and EST-based expression profiling. In rice, this analysis was complemented by real-time PCR, microarray and signature-based expression profiling, which reveal that carotenoid biosynthesis genes are highly expressed in light-grown tissues, have differential expression pattern during vegetative/reproductive development and are responsive to stress

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIBACTERIAL AND CYTOTOXICITY ANALYSIS OF BLUMEA LACERA (BURM. F.) DC

Objective: To investigate the in vitro antibacterial and antioxidant potential of B. lacera (leaves). The most active extracts were examined for their chemical composition and cytotoxicity.Methods: The antibacterial activity of five different extracts were examined against 8 bacterial strains (5 Gram-positive and 3 Gram-negative) using resazurin based microtitre dilution assay (RMDA) and disk diffusion assay (DDA). The antioxidant activity of extracts was demonstrated by using DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assay and superoxide radical scavenging assay. Chemical composition and cytotoxicity were assessed by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and haemolytic assay, respectively.Results: According to RMDA, the petroleum ether extract (PEE) and chloroform extract (CE) exhibited highest antibacterial activity. The PEE showed highest activity against Salmonella enterica ser. typhi and Serratia marcescens with MIC i.e. 390.62 μg/ml. Similarly, the CE showed highest antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus and Micrococcus luteus with MIC i.e. 390.62 μg/ml. In DPPH assay, CE showed the highest radical scavenging activity with IC50 57.46 µg/ml. In GCMS analysis, the principal compounds in PEE and CE were stigmasterol (12.86 %) and L-(+)-ascorbic acid 2, 6-dihexadecanoate (11.73 %), respectively. In haemolytic assay, the PEE and CE showed non-toxic behaviour up to 125 µg/ml and 500 µg/ml, respectively. Conclusion: The present investigation represents B. lacera as an incredible herb. The PEE and CE were found to possess promising antibacterial and antioxidant properties. The CE exhibited lesser toxicity as compared with PEE

Obstetric hysterectomy, still a life saving tool in modern day obstetrics: a five year study

Background: Objective of current study was to study the indications and maternal outcome of emergency obstetric hysterectomy and its role in reduction of maternal morbidity and mortality in complicated obstetric cases.Methods: A prospective study of the cases of emergency obstetric hysterectomy performed over a period of five years from 2009 to 2013 was done.Results: During the study period, 105 emergency obstetric hysterectomies were performed giving an incidence of 0.54% .The incidence of hysterectomy following vaginal delivery was 0.54% and that of caesarean hysterectomy was 2.08%. It was most common in the age group 26-35 years (66.66%) and in women of parity 3-4 (71.42%).Rupture uterus was the most common indication accounting for 59.04% cases followed by Atonic PPH (18.09%). Febrile illness and wound infection were the two most common co-morbidities. Maternal mortality was 5.71%.Conclusions: Emergency obstetric hysterectomy is potentially a life saving procedure which every obstetrician must be familiar with in cases of catastrophic rupture uterus and intractable haemorrhage. With the help of prostaglandins, modern policies of active management of labor, timely performance of caesarean section, internal iliac artery ligation, compression sutures etc. obstetric hysterectomy should be made a more rare procedure

Sleep Promotion among Critically Ill Patients: Earplugs/Eye Mask versus Ocean Sound—A Randomized Controlled Trial Study

Background. Poor sleep quality is common in the intensive care unit (ICU), where several factors including environmental factors contribute to sleep deprivation. Objective. This study aims to assess and compare the effectiveness of earplugs and eye mask versus ocean sound on sleep quality among ICU patients. Design. A true experimental crossover design was used. Setting. Medical ICU of the Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Hospital, Mullana, India. Participants. Sixty-eight patients admitted in the medical ICU were randomly allocated by lottery methods into group 1 and group 2. Methods. Nocturnal nine-hour (10 : 00 pm to 7 : 00 am) for a four-night period were measured. Earplugs and eye mask versus ocean sound were crossed over between two groups. Subjective sleep quality of four nights was assessed using a structured sleep quality scale. Scores for each question range from 0 to 3, with a higher score indicating poor sleep quality. Results. Repeated measures ANOVA showed that there was a significant change in the sleep quality score ( p = 0.001 ), which showed that sleep quality score was improved after the administration of earplugs and eye mask and ocean sound. Fisher’s LSD post hoc comparison showed a significant difference ( p = 0.001 ). Conclusion. Earplugs and eye mask were better than ocean sound in improving sleep quality. Earplugs, eye mask, and ocean sound are safe and cost effective, which could be used as an adjuvant to pharmacological interventions to improve sleep quality among ICU patients. However, further research in this area needs to be conducted. This trial is registered with NCT03215212.</jats:p

Sleep Promotion among Critically Ill Patients: Earplugs/Eye Mask versus Ocean Sound—A Randomized Controlled Trial Study

Background. Poor sleep quality is common in the intensive care unit (ICU), where several factors including environmental factors contribute to sleep deprivation. Objective. This study aims to assess and compare the effectiveness of earplugs and eye mask versus ocean sound on sleep quality among ICU patients. Design. A true experimental crossover design was used. Setting. Medical ICU of the Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Hospital, Mullana, India. Participants. Sixty-eight patients admitted in the medical ICU were randomly allocated by lottery methods into group 1 and group 2. Methods. Nocturnal nine-hour (10 : 00 pm to 7 : 00 am) for a four-night period were measured. Earplugs and eye mask versus ocean sound were crossed over between two groups. Subjective sleep quality of four nights was assessed using a structured sleep quality scale. Scores for each question range from 0 to 3, with a higher score indicating poor sleep quality. Results. Repeated measures ANOVA showed that there was a significant change in the sleep quality score (p=0.001), which showed that sleep quality score was improved after the administration of earplugs and eye mask and ocean sound. Fisher’s LSD post hoc comparison showed a significant difference (p=0.001). Conclusion. Earplugs and eye mask were better than ocean sound in improving sleep quality. Earplugs, eye mask, and ocean sound are safe and cost effective, which could be used as an adjuvant to pharmacological interventions to improve sleep quality among ICU patients. However, further research in this area needs to be conducted. This trial is registered with NCT03215212

A Clustering Improved Cost Effective Approach for Mutation Testing

AbstractMutation Testing actually gives the internal structural analysis of a software system based on the data and operator feasibility. One of such metric that represents the module reliability and responsibility is its cost analysis. This cost analysis can be performed under identification of relevant operator and expression identification. In this work, a cluster effective approach is defined for improving the clustering mechanism. The work is here defined in two main stages. In first stage, the extraction of the particular expression is done using code extraction approach. In this stage, the code division is also performed to form the relative clusters. In second stage, the identification of appropriate cluster is done to apply the mutation operators and data. The experimentation results show that the work has effectively improved the mutation testing by reducing the number of dead mutants over the code. The implementation of work is done with the helpofMuJava Tool. The implementation results show the significant improvement