Aspectos econômicos da mamona (Ricinus communis L.) e estudo da rentabilidade no Rio Grande do Sul.

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Custo de produção da ameixa um caso da Serra Gaúcha.

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Custo de Produção da Batata - São Lourenço do Sul, RS. Estudo de caso.

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Economia da produção de morango: estudo de caso de transição para produção integrada.

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FFQ for the adult population of the capital of Ecuador (FFQ-Quito) : development, reliability and validity

Objective: To assess the reliability and validity of a semi-quantitative FFQ designed to evaluate the usual nutrient intake of adults in Quito, Ecuador. Design: Dietary data using 24 h recalls (24hR) were used to design a list of commonly consumed foods. The relative validity of a 111-item FFQ was evaluated by comparing nutrient intakes against three non-consecutive 24hR. All nutrients were energy-adjusted. Reliability was assessed using two FFQ (FFQ1 and FFQ2) and assessed by the intra-class correlation coefficient. The comparisons between the FFQ and the 24hR were assessed by the de-attenuated Pearson correlation coefficient, weighted kappa and by Bland–Altman plots. Setting: Quito, Ecuador. Subjects: Overall, 345 adults were enrolled in the present study. Two hundred and fifty participated in FFQ development and ninety-five participated in the FFQ validity and reliability. Results: The FFQ produced higher energy and nutrient intakes. Reliability correlation coefficients after adjusting for energy ranged from 0·62 to 0·88 for protein and Ca, respectively. For the validity study, energy-adjusted and de-attenuated correlation coefficients between the questionnaire and the 24hR ranged from 0·21 for fat to 0·65 for Ca. Only 4% of the participants were grossly misclassified and 46%had weighted kappa higher than 0·42. The Bland–Altman plot showed a constant bias with a tendency to increase according to the intake level. Conclusions: The FFQ showed reasonably good relative validity and reliable measurements, especially for nutrients considered protective and risk markers of non-communicable disease, and can be used to assess usual nutrient intake in this population

Farmers’ attitudes towards participation in short food supply chains: Evidence from a Chinese field research

As the industrialized agro-food supply systems have been commonly criticized for their adverse environmental and social impact, Short food supply chains have emerged as a promising sustainable alternative. Given that the history of SFSCs is relatively short, the majority of empirical evidences is from developed countries, and existing studies on SFSCs in developing country context are rather limited. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the farmers’ attitudes towards participating in SFSCs by conducting a field research in China. Semi-structured interviews were implemented with eight participants selected from a local farmer market as a pilot study. The social and economic reasons are found to be the main motivations of Chinese farmers participating in SFSCs. However, none of these interviewed participants are aware of the environmental effects of SFSCs. Moreover, the findings were cross-compared with existing studies conducted in developed countries. It was found that Chinese farmers participating in SFSCs are mainly passive choice, as they lack of relevant knowledge and governmental support

The prevalence of stunting, overweight and obesity, and metabolic disease risk in rural South African children.

BACKGROUND: Low- to middle-income countries are undergoing a health transition with non-communicable diseases contributing substantially to disease burden, despite persistence of undernutrition and infectious diseases. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and patterns of stunting and overweight/obesity, and hence risk for metabolic disease, in a group of children and adolescents in rural South Africa. METHODS: A cross-sectional growth survey was conducted involving 3511 children and adolescents 1-20 years, selected through stratified random sampling from a previously enumerated population living in Agincourt sub-district, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. Anthropometric measurements including height, weight and waist circumference were taken using standard procedures. Tanner pubertal assessment was conducted among adolescents 9-20 years. Growth z-scores were generated using 2006 WHO standards for children up to five years and 1977 NCHS/WHO reference for older children. Overweight and obesity for those or = 25 and > or = 30 kg/m2 for overweight and obesity respectively were used for those > or = 18 years. Waist circumference cut-offs of > or = 94 cm for males and > or = 80 cm for females and waist-to-height ratio of 0.5 for both sexes were used to determine metabolic disease risk in adolescents. RESULTS: About one in five children aged 1-4 years was stunted; one in three of those aged one year. Concurrently, the prevalence of combined overweight and obesity, almost non-existent in boys, was substantial among adolescent girls, increasing with age and reaching approximately 20-25% in late adolescence. Central obesity was prevalent among adolescent girls, increasing with sexual maturation and reaching a peak of 35% at Tanner Stage 5, indicating increased risk for metabolic disease. CONCLUSIONS: The study highlights that in transitional societies, early stunting and adolescent obesity may co-exist in the same socio-geographic population. It is likely that this profile relates to changes in nutrition and diet, but variation in factors such as infectious disease burden and physical activity patterns, as well as social influences, need to be investigated. As obesity and adult short stature are risk factors for metabolic syndrome and Type 2 diabetes, this combination of early stunting and adolescent obesity may be an explosive combination

Participação das principais frutas brasileiras no comércio internacional: 1997 a 2008

As tendências do mercado mundial de alimentos apontam para alto crescimento no consumo de produtos naturais, como as frutas e verduras. O mercado mundial de frutas frescas registrou, em 2005, cifra superior a US$31,5 bilhões e cresce US$ 1 bilhão ao ano, em média. Tal fato se reproduz no Brasil, onde se observa elevação do consumo de frutas. Em termos monetários, o valor bruto da produção de frutas no Brasil atingiu, em 2006, cerca de R$ 16,3 bilhões, 16,5% do valor da produção agrícola brasileira. O presente trabalho buscou analisar características econômicas da participação brasileira no comércio mundial de frutas, entre 1997 e 2008. Ademais, foi analisada a evolução da balança comercial das principais frutas brasileiras, discriminação das exportações em frescas ou processadas, representatividade do comércio externo no valor da produção nacional e participação da exportação de frutas selecionadas na exportação total do agronegócio. Foram utilizados dados da Pesquisa de Orçamento Familiar (POF) do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística; o Sistema de Análise e Levantamento do Comércio Exterior - AliceWeb do Ministério do Desenvolvimento, Indústria e Comércio Exterior e o banco de dados do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. Após levantamento das frutas que seriam estudadas, constatou-se que o crescimento das exportações foi maior que o crescimento das importações brasileiras de 1997 a 2008. Isso contribuiu para que o seu saldo comercial aumentasse em 112% no período. As exportações de frutas frescas cresceram relativamente mais que as exportações de frutas processadas. Porém houve queda da participação das exportações de frutas nas exportações do agronegócio brasileiro, de 5,8%, em 1997, para 3,9%, em 2008