The effect of shoulder injury prevention program on glenohumeral range of motion and upper extremity performance in adolescent throwers: A pilot study

Background: The Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center (OSTRC) Shoulder Injury Prevention Program is an exercise program developed to increase the internal rotation (IR) range of motion (ROM), external rotator muscle strength and scapular muscle strength and to improve kinetic chain involvement and thoracic mobility. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of this program on glenohumeral ROM and upper extremity functional performance in adolescent throwers. Material and methods: Ten adolescent throwers (discus, shot put and javelin throwers) were involved in the study. The OSTRC Shoulder Injury Prevention Program was applied three times a week for 8 weeks as a part of warm-up. Glenohumeral IR and external rotation (ER) ROM were evaluated with a goniometer. The Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test (CKCUEST) was used to evaluate the upper extremity functional performance. Results: It was found that there was a statistically significant difference in the dominant side IR ROM and CKCUEST between the pre-test and post-test (p0.05). Conclusions: This study shows that the glenohumeral IR ROM and upper extremity functional performance increases after the 8-week OSTRC Shoulder Injury Prevention Program. For these purposes, physiotherapists and trainers can include this program in their training programs

The effect of shoulder injury prevention program on glenohumeral range of motion and upper extremity performance in adolescent throwers: A pilot study

Background: The Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center (OSTRC) Shoulder Injury Prevention Program is an exercise program developed to increase the internal rotation (IR) range of motion (ROM), external rotator muscle strength and scapular muscle strength and to improve kinetic chain involvement and thoracic mobility. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of this program on glenohumeral ROM and upper extremity functional performance in adolescent throwers. Material and Methods: Ten adolescent throwers (discus, shot put and javelin throwers) were involved in the study. The OSTRC Shoulder Injury Prevention Program was applied three times a week for 8 weeks as a handball warm-up. Glenohumeral IR and external rotation (ER) ROM were evaluated with a goniometer. The Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test (CKCUEST) was used to evaluate the upper extremity functional performance. Results: It was found that there was a statistically significant difference in the dominant side IR ROM and CKCUEST between the pre-test and post-test (p&lt;0.05); however, there was no difference in terms of other parameters (p&gt;0.05). Conclusions: This study shows that the glenohumeral IR ROM and upper extremity functional performance increases after the 8-week OSTRC Shoulder Injury Prevention Program. For these purposes, physiotherapists and trainers can include this program in their training programs.</jats:p

Bacterial microleakage of aged adhesive restorations

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the marginal bacterial leakage of two self-etch adhesive systems after long-term water storage. Materials and Methods: Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces of extracted premolar teeth. After the sterilization of the teeth, four cavities were not restored for control purposes, whereas the other teeth were divided into two groups (n = 16 cavities each): Clearfil Protect Bond (CPB), Clearfil SE Bond (CSE). After the application of the bonding agent, cavities were restored with a composite resin. Then, the teeth were thermo cycled, stored in saline solution for 6 months and put into a broth culture of Streptococcus mutans. The teeth were fixed, sectioned and stained using the Gram-Colour modified method. The stained sections were then evaluated under a light microscope. The bacterial leakage was scored as: 0 - absence of stained bacteria, 1 - bacterial staining along the cavity walls, 2 - bacterial staining within the cut dentinal tubules. The data were analysed using the Kruskal—Wallis and Mann—Whitney U-test (P = 0.05). Results: The bacterial staining was detected within the cut dentinal tubules in all control cavities, in three cavities in the CSE group and one cavity in the CPB group. There were no observed statistically significant differences between the bacterial penetrations of the two bonding systems (P &gt; 0.05). Conclusion: Both bonding systems provided acceptable prevention of marginal bacterial leakage after long-term water storage.</jats:p

Bacterial penetration of restored cavities using two self-etching bonding systems

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two bonding systems, with and without antibacterial monomers, on marginal bacterial and dye leakage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Class V cavities were prepared in extracted teeth for a bacterial leakage test, and the teeth were sterilized using a steam autoclave. Four cavities were not restored for the controls, and the other teeth were divided into two groups (n = 16 cavities each): Clearfil Protect Bond group (CPB) and Clearfil SE Bond group (CSE). After application of the bonding agent, the cavities were restored using a composite resin (Clearfil AP-X). The teeth were thermocycled, stored in a broth culture of 1.56 × 108 colony forming units (CFU)/ml of Streptococcus mutans at 37°C for 10 days, and subsequently processed for bacterial staining. Sections from the demineralized teeth were evaluated under a light microscope. In the dye leakage test, the cavities were restored as described in the bacterial penetration test. After thermocycling, the teeth were immersed in 5% basic fuchsin for 24 h, and then divided in half and observed under a stereomicroscope. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U-tests (P = 0.05). RESULTS: The bacterial stain was detected at the cavity wall of five cavities in both bonding systems. Additionally, two cavities in the CSE group, one cavity in the CPB group, and all control cavities showed bacterial staining within the cut dentinal tubules. Dye staining at the axial cavity wall was detected in only three of the teeth for both bonding systems. CONCLUSION: The bonding systems used in this study provided an acceptable marginal seal to prevent bacterial and dye leakage

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN GAIT PARAMETERS OF HEALTHY ADULT INDIVIDUALS

Purpose: Anatomical and biomechanical differences between male and female are also known to cause differences in gait patterns. However, the results of the studies are contradictory. Furthermore, these studies focused only on some of the spatiotemporal parameters, and pelvic movements were not analyzed. The aim of the present study is to reveal the difference in gait parameters between male and female. Material and Methods: 44 female and 39 males were included in the study. BTS G-Walk system was used to evaluate the gait. After the accelerometer was placed, the participants were asked to walk 8 m. Spatiotemporal parameters and pelvic kinematics were recorded. Results: Given the spatiotemporal parameters, it was found that male and female were similar in terms of speed, % stride length and step length (p>0.05), while gait cycle duration, stride length, swing phase and single support phases were higher in male; and stance phase, first double support phases, cadence were found to be higher in female (p0.05), while pelvic tilt total range was higher in male and obliquity total range was higher in female (p<0.05). Conclusion: The fact that gait differs not only in spatiotemporal parameters but also in pelvic oscillations due to anthropometric and biomechanical differences between male and female has shown that when evaluating individuals in the clinic, they should be compared and interpreted according to their own gender groups

Effect of accelerated aging on the bonding performance of fluoridated adhesive resins

Cetin, Ali Riza/0000-0002-6552-2788; SENGUN, Abdulkadir/0000-0002-6053-160XWOS: 000333442400015PubMed: 24492118The purpose of this study was to investigate the dentin bond durability of a one-step, fluoride-containing, glass ionomer-based adhesive system, Reactmer Bond (RB), and that of a two-step, fluoride-containing, self-etch adhesive system, Clearfil Protect Bond (CPB). Enamel was removed from the occlusal surfaces of teeth, and flat dentin surfaces were entirely covered with a composite resin following the application of an adhesive material (n=10). After specimens were sectioned into rectangular sticks of 0.87 +/- 0.03 mm(2), the sticks were randomly assigned into two accelerated aging time period groups: 1 week or 1 year. Microtensile bond strengths were determined. Bond strength of RB increased significantly after 1 year (1 week=27.80 +/- 10.57 MPa versus 1 year=36.93 +/- 14.38 MPa) (p0.05). Both fluoride-containing adhesives seemed to demonstrate reliable bonding performance after 1 year of accelerated aging in water

Investigation of muscle activation during kinetic chain based exercises in individuals with and without forward head posture

BACKGROUND: The Band Pull-Apart (BPA) exercise is used to strengthen the periscapular muscles. It was recently stated that the lower extremity and trunk movements should be included in the shoulder rehabilitation programs to optimize an effective energy transfer throughout the kinetic chain. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of kinetic chain based BPA exercise on the muscle activations of the sternocleidomasteideous (SCM) and the trapezius muscles in individuals with and without forward head posture (FHP). METHODS: Eighteen individuals with FHP and 18 individuals without FHP were included. Photographic measurements were made to identify individuals with FHP. The muscle activations of SCM, Upper Trapezius (UT), Middle Trapezius (MT), and Lower Trapezius (LT) were measured with surface EMG. BPA exercise was performed in the standing, unipedal standing, squat, unipedal squat, and Bulgarian split squat (BSS). RESULTS: There was no Group × Exercise interaction for the SCM, UT, MT, LT muscle activations, or for the UT/MT and UT/LT ratios (p> 0.05). While there was a difference in the activation of all muscles between individuals with and without FHP (p 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between exercises for SCM, MT, and LT muscle activations (p< 0.000 for these muscles), UT/MT (p< 0.000) and UT/LT ratios (p= 0.004). SCM muscle activation in squat was lower than activation in standing (Mean Difference (MD) = 2.5% Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contractions (MVIC); p= 0.004) and in unipedal standing (MD = 2.1% MVIC; p= 0.002). MT muscle activation in squat was higher than activation in standing (MD = 9.7% MVIC), unipedal standing (MD = 7.8% MVIC), unipedal squat (MD = 6.9% MVIC) and BSS (MD = 9.4% MVIC; p< 0.000 for these positions). LT muscle activation in the squat was higher than activation in the standing (MD = 8.5% MVIC) and unipedal squat (MD = 8.1% MVIC; p< 0.004 for these positions). UT/MT ratio in the squat was lower than standing (MD = 0.3), unipedal standing (MD = 0.2) and BSS (MD = 0.3; p< 0.000 for these positions). UT/LT ratio in squat was lower than unipedal squat (MD = 0.5) and BSS (MD = 0.6; p= 0.002; for these positions). CONCLUSION: Performing the BPA exercise in the squat position is suggested in cases where lower SCM and UT muscle activation, lower UT/MT, and UT/LT ratios and higher MT and LT muscle activations are needed for individuals with and without FHP